Medical science Essays

The technical aspects required in a research study were present in the design of the experiments. The researchers used appropriate isotype controls when needed. In determining the bronchial physiology, samples were also taken from patients without asthma to compare the bronchial tissues and biopsies.

Cancer is a form of mutation and epigenetic modifications that affect the genetic composition of individuals causing cell impairment. The complexity of carcinogenesis has been tackled by many doctors as they try to ascertain its origins, causal factors and how the process manifests itself. As a result, it has been found that the interplay of factors such as genetic, environmental and age unite and create conditions.

Among the guiding principles embraced by this organization is that it is necessary to have a change of attitude to achieve equal treatment for all residing within the realms of society, while also seeking a sense of solidarity between generations within a culture that recognizes older peoples contribution to society.

This assignment also lists three different medications that may be used to treat the given patient, describes two side effects for each and the biological reasons for each and briefly discusses the current research relating to the biological considerations associated with suicide and affective disorder. The relevance of suicidal behavior is credited to the decreased neurotrophin levels such as serotonin in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. 

The aims and objectives of this research are to establish and develop a Doppler ultrasound-based investigative modality with defined parameters to quantitate the extent of portal hypertension, hence the severity of the disease in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, where associated measurements of flow dynamics through the portal vein and esophageal varices may provide a predictive assessment of changes of variceal bleeding.

Bariatric surgery has emerged as a highly successful procedure in addressing the problem of obesity. The success or failure of the procedure is therefore incidental upon the patient’s peculiar situation. It is therefore normal for a patient to feel anxious before the operation as is common for all elective surgical procedures. The actual procedure has a number of variations. 

Aesthetic medicine is generally classified as surgical or nonsurgical. The nonsurgical field has grown in the UK so much over the last 10 years and is now being driven by nurses rather than doctors. In the US nonsurgical procedures have grown from 1.2 million treatments in 1997 to 8.5 million in 2008, the trend is similar in the UK.

Critical thinking and analysis were applied during the provision of nursing care as it allows competent nursing care. This case study implies that through the application of framework of nursing and by using critical thinking and analysis competent nursing care can be provided. Critical thinking is a very important aspect of nursing care.

The general objective of this research is to outline the issues that dyslexic children may face prior to diagnosis and understand the various kinds of coping skills that may be required in people with dyslexia prior to their diagnosis. Dyslexia can be of three types, either that it can be auditory, or there can a visual dyslexic issue or the third kind is attentional. 

Also, the oxygen demand is not constant and the circulation has to get adjusted to sudden increases in demand. The basal oxygen consumption of the heart is 8-10 ml of oxygen per minute per 100grams. The various regions of the heart are supplied by coronary circulation. 

Computed tomography (CT) has variously been called as computerized axial tomography (CAT), computerized trans-axial tomography (CTAT) or digital axial tomography (DAT). To date, it is considered by experts as the “primary imaging modality for evaluation of acute right lower quadrant pain” (Oto and Ernst, 2008, p. 300).

The Trans Theoretical Model encourages a client to become self-sufficient and change their behavior. They can do this with the gentle assistance from the nurse if the nurse continues to be understanding. Before starting this process in this scenario, it would be a good idea for the nurse to get to know the client and their family.

Computed tomography (CT) as an imaging technology to aid in the diagnosis of diseases and conditions became available in 1972 when the first commercial CT scanner became a reality. Since then there has been explosive growth in the use of CT as diagnostic imaging technology. Three factors may be associated with this dramatic growth of CT as an imaging modality. These three factors are availability, speed and diagnostic benefits

These processes are expected to improve clinical parameters in periodontal treatment. The present study was conducted to compare the clinical results of conventional SRP with a therapy using SRP with Er, Cr: YSGG laser as an adjunct, performed on patients with early to moderate periodontitis within a period of one year.

The involvement of the local community in the media would go a long way in ensuring diversity as these people would represent the interests of the communities that are often excluded in the media coverage. The interests of the public would be represented in this scenario which means a diverse coverage of a range of issues. 

Following the analysis of the effects of fats and cholesterol, there is a glimpse of the other side of the debate that takes a firm stand against the prior speculation and states that cardiovascular disease is not a direct cause of high levels of fat and cholesterol inside the body.

Physician-assisted suicide was legalized in Oregon in 1997 and a survey conducted in 2001 found that the percentage that had died through this form of treatment because they considered themselves to be a burden rose from 12% in 1998 to 26% in 1999 and further increased to 63% in 2000 (Sullivan AD et al, 2001).

The legal and social definition of death is one of the most significant issues of the time, which has implications on a range of medical and ethical conditions such as Persistent Vegetative State, euthanasia and stem cell research. Robert Blank and Peter Monaghan examine the current definition of death and call for a redefinition, based on public debate.

Sportsperson takes steroids mainly because as Dr. Michael Miletic, a leading sports psychologist says “They're taking it because team-mates, opponents, strength coach; a gym owner is telling them it will make them better. And often it will.” Again professional sports heroes today have contracts and are paid astronomical amounts  

In conclusion, while no all-consuming ‘cure’ has been developed for bipolar disorder, a number of highly successful treatment options exist. These options vary in proportion to the severity of the disorder. They include medicinal treatments, electroconvulsive therapy, as well as behavior therapies, and in severe cases hospitalization 

The time for the appearance of the disease after the virus has entered the body ranges from 1.5 days till 3days. As the name of the disease is swine flu, it can be analyzed that flu is one of clinical presentation of the disease. The respiratory system is most affected and the respiratory disease may range from mild disease to very severe pneumonia

The risk factors associated with osteoporosis is getting old; this will raise the chances of getting the problem since the bones become weaker as a person gets old. Osteoporosis is known to run in families if one of your parents had a hip fracture the chances of you getting the same problem is high.

Sickle cell anemia was the first genetic disorder identified, linking disease phenotype to gene, and is today the most common type of sickle cell disease effecting 70,000 to 80,000 Americans. The thorough literature search was done to gather and study all available material on sickle cell anemia.

The acquired immune system is responsible for the destruction of foreign particles once they have entered the body. Acquired immunity is a useful evolutionary adaptation because it improves the efficacy of the innate immune response by focusing the response to the site of invasion/infection as well as providing additional effector mechanisms that are unique to lymphocytes.

This case study includes the practice and policy context of working with people with mental disorders and who lack mental capacity, their diagnoses and how these issues relate to the case study. In order to understand all the factors that have an impact on a mental disorder and how they interact in each case, it is necessary to form a model that explains the cause, as well as predicts the best treatment for the disorder. 

A section of the population has overtime held the opinion that it is disreputable, while others believe that it can be called for, notably when the health of the mother is at risk. The aspect of assisted suicide has in like manner generated much debate with people arguing that it is wrong. Over and above, it is far-reaching for health practitioners to keep themselves updated regularly on the principles that govern their practice.

The cyclical changes of the breast are important when scheduling the breast MRI. The normal breast MRI shows a generalized contrast enhancement and the strength of the signals increases in a stepwise fashion. But during the luteal phase, the increase in the hormones may result in the increased enhancement in certain areas of the breast owing to the cystic changes.

Those who oppose human cloning argue that this unnatural style of reproduction has an overwhelming potential for decisions being made based on reasons of vanity in regard to children. Advocates of cloning practices say that it may, among other things, serve society as an effective alternative treatment for infertility. Society remains divided on the issue.

The clinical objective is to compare home therapy of i.v. antibiotic treatment with its hospitalized counterpart. The first element of the design, a patient determination matrix, is well done. By recruiting only those patients who had chosen the location of their treatment prior to selection for the study, the researchers were able to prevent bias within the sampling population.

Perhaps some more researches will show that Nitric oxide plays an important role in the development of tissues and cells. Nitric oxide holds the record as the smallest, lightest molecule –and the first gas—known to act as a biological messenger in mammals. The journal Science dubbed nitric oxide its “Molecule of the Year” for 1992”.

Returning to play necessitates regaining proprioception, the body’s ability to sense joints movements, and limb positioning crucial to coordination in rugby (“Using Proprioception,” 2011). The proprioceptive system consists of receptor nerves in the muscles and ligaments in joints, which work with the brain to produce appropriate movements.

Sonar is used to deliver chemotherapeutic agents to target tissues and this is known as acoustic targeted drug delivery. Other therapeutic applications of sonar are phacoemulsification of cataract, cleaning of teeth in dentistry, sclerotherapy and endovenous laser treatment for non-surgical treatment of varicose veins, lipectomy, and elastography. 

The company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange since 1944 under the symbol JNJ. Well-known consumer products like Band-Aid and Acuvue contact lenses are now household names. Johnson & Johnson (J&J) came into existence in response to the needs of society.

The context of medical knowledge in Europe as stated in the reference was influenced by the idea of humoral medicine of Greek practitioners. In fact, among any translation, it was not hard to do it on Latin text as well as it was not hard to influence people there on the concept and idea about humoural medicine. 

Research in today’s world is as important as eating, drinking, or surviving. It is vital because the world has gone so advanced that now we all need to keep running at the same pace to achieve greater heights in life. Research is all about finding out the unknown, looking for facts, and discovering more about the world around oneself.

According to the Review article by Kourtis, et al, pediatric HIV-1 is still a major pandemic, despite the reductions in transmission from mother to child that have been achieved. Mother to child transmission can take place during pregnancy, labor, delivery and postpartum through breastfeeding. The exact timing and mechanisms of transmissions are still speculative but important for refining perinatal HIV-1 prevention strategies.

Back pain is a condition that is characterized by pain along the back or neck downwards and the condition often occurs as a result of complications in the structures of the spine such as nerves, bones, muscles, and joints. Back pain is increasingly becoming a major health concern as most people are nowadays affected by the condition. 

The norovirus is considered to be an important cause of epidemic viral gastroenteritis all round the world. It has been reported to be a cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis in 23 million people in the United States (Brooks et al 2004). The norovirus has also been reported to be a cause of 20 percent of childhood viral enterocolitis (Robbins et al 2005).

Routine laboratory workup is usually normal in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. ESR is normal; however, this can be elevated in patients with primary generalized osteoarthritis (Isselbacher, et al 565). On the other hand, a straw-colored joint fluid with good viscosity can be observed among patients with knee arthritis.

Clinical studies on mice exhibiting Progeria-like signs and symptoms indicate that FTIs seemed to indicate improvements in subjects. Of the 13 mice on the study treated with FTI, only one died. The Progeria Research Foundation is hopeful that this piece of information would help them move forward in the clinical trials of children with Progeria.

In conclusion, the benefits for stem cell technology outweigh any of the possible ethical dilemmas it may put forth. Furthermore, it is clear there are no noteworthy ethical dilemmas that pose a risk to the regulation of research. The best way forward for stem cell research in the United States is to persuade people of its potential benefits.

Imaging technologies like fluoroscopy and CT assist in the diagnosis of diseases and conditions and also assist in therapeutic procedures. Treatment procedures like surgery and radiotherapy help in combating diseases and conditions, either by on their own or in combination as can be seen in the management of malignant tumors.

Antihypertensive pharmacogenetics has provided an understanding that genetics does play a role in the responses demonstrated by individuals to treatment by the different groups of antihypertensive medications, suggesting that genetics can provide a means to a more personalized selection of high blood pressure medication to ensure better control.

According to Falcone and Hurd the sperm used for artificial insemination has two sources; either the woman’s partner or an anonymous sperm donor. For the case where sperm is obtained from a donor, the woman does not obtain it directly from the donor, but the donor supplies a sperm bank which in turn provides the woman with the needed sperm.

The leukemic cells proliferate primarily in the bone marrow and the lymphoid tissues and then migrate into the peripheral blood. They interfere with normal hematopoiesis and immunity in the bone marrow and lymphoid tissue and after immigration into the peripheral blood, they infiltrate other tissues. 

The paper "Analysis of Chris’s Decision to Have Surgery" is a great example of medical science coursework. Cosmetic surgery has gained root in recent years. Many people across the world are opting for this kind of surgery to change and adjust parts of their bodies as a way of self-improvement. This trend has as well elicited mixed reactions from different quarters on its eligibility and appropriateness.

The pH of Mr. Hg is obviously in the acidosis range. The PaO2 is slightly lowered, the PaCO2 is raised, the bicarbonate is slightly low and the saturation is quite low. The low pH is due to metabolic acidosis. Ideally, to combat this pH, the body should have attempted buffering action by means of carbonic acid - bicarbonate system.

Since the physical properties of the element make it as strong as steel, but 45% lighter, it has found extensive use in external prostheses as well as internal implants. For both the short and the long term, titanium and its alloys are used extensively in creating calipers and artificial limbs for human use.

Renal abscesses are made up of intra-renal abscesses, peri-renal abscesses, para-renal abscesses. Both these abscesses normally are the result of bacterial infection moving up from urinary tract infections or from systemic bacterial infections transporting themselves through the blood into the kidneys.

The Melchart et al. (2005) study while commendable for trying to put in the possibility of the placebo effect of acupuncture is essentially a defective study. Melchart et al. (2005) study assumes that therapies only have long-term effects, which is contrary to the facts or science of how many medicines and therapies work.