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The prevailing disparity in the criminal justice system can threaten the legal structure of the US. It also encourages distrust among the public regarding the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in the nation. Thus, as a way of addressing the racial discrepancies, Congress had introduced a bill named H.R. 1412, the Justice and Integrity Act in the year 2009.
The 2 cases concerned in the current situation are Federal Commissioner for Taxation v Dixon and Scott v Federal Commissioner for Taxation. The main issue that arises is the income tax being payable in one case and exempted in the other. Why Dixon’s income is assessable income but Scott’s income decided to be a gift.
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The report has also found that about 25% of recent veterans had a service connected disability in military services as compared to about 13% of other jobs. These military servicemen or veterans at times suffer common injuries including spinal cord injuries, missing limbs, burns, post-traumatic stress disorders (PSTD), traumatic brain injuries, hearing loss and other impairments during their service1.
In most cases, the offenders of law in the society are prosecuted and the judgment may land them in jail for a given period of incarceration or left to serve the community without as a way of rehabilitation. It is in this regard that the concept of community correction comes in.
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The term anger is generally regarded as a catchall term for any number of feelings or emotions that tend to often drive us. Thomas (60), defines anger as being an essentially strong and often uncomfortable emotional response to a specifically given provocation that is perceived to be unwanted and rather incongruent with a given individual’s beliefs, values and rights.
The study attempts to draw out the competing perspectives on the issue and the complex problems, as well as the embedded social assumptions within the discourse. It begins by providing an overview of the law in question, the Sexual Offences Act 2003, the legal framework for the prosecution of rape.
As per Reich, citizenship of EU seems to be an imitative condition of nationality. The present EU law does not define whether the citizenship of EU will cover those non-citizen individuals who are residing in a Member States for long years. In Rudy case, the concept of citizenship to offer rights for free movement, the Court of Justice has been reluctant to confer “quasi-citizenship” rights to nationals of third countries who are residing in the Union for many years.
Jennifer cannot get a share automatically. She is not her wife of Brad and is only a living partner of Brad. In the UK cohabitees cannot inherit the estate of the deceased partner. Since Brad had executed a will in favor of Jennifer she can have a claim over his estate of Brad to the extent of her bequeathed share.
“Finders Keepers” is a maxim that has been applied to mean that an individual can take possession of an item he/she happens to find abandoned (Collier, 2006 p14). Thus according to this maxim, any person who comes across an item that has no owner or that has been abandoned by its owner, becomes the new owner of the item by taking its full possession.
In these regards, Jefferson makes the seminal statement, they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness (Jefferson). While this is a broad and rhetorical statement, its primary argument holds true.
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The provisions of the amendment require the judicial authorities’ warrant for the police officials or authorities to search over a personal property. This amendment was introduced to prevent the officials from the misuse of writ of assistance, a type of general search warrant in the States.
This paper was written by first carrying out a thorough and comprehensive literature search. From such literature, possible answers to the questions raised were considered. A deeper analysis of the literature was also carried out in order to weed out the essential elements of the resource materials.
Interestingly, gang groups often times recruit their members from a disorganized community and from the sociopathic group who already had committed several crimes in their life. In addition, their “thug lifestyle” gives them the opportunity to possess a firearm which makes it easy for them to execute the robbery.
Environmental conservation has taken center stage in many companies’ operations. The environment is composed of both living organisms and non-living things. It is the obligation of all of the human kind to ensure that every aspect of the environment is well maintained for the benefit of all.
A trust, like a company, being an independent entity, offers a level of stability and can outlive the beneficiaries and the trustees, as it is not dissolved on the demises of the beneficiaries and trustees. Since the trust assets and funds neither form part of the estate of the beneficiary, nor trustee, they cannot be included as such in their will.
1). The responsibilities are basically assisting the police department in the planning of deployment of needed resources for the prevention of crime. Other tasks include coordinating with other civilian law and military agencies in crime detection and in analyzing information of criminal scenarios.
CRIME PREVENTION PROGRAM INTRODUCTION In order for a crime to takeplace, there has to exist an opportunity for the criminals to commit a crime, and to prevent and over power these criminals from committing a crime, the government, the law enforcing authorities and the people of a society should put in their efforts to eliminate or at least reduce this menace from their respective areas.
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Accordingly, to ask whether real estate appraisers were to blame for the real estate crisis is one way of asking whether those appraisers bore some of the responsibility for ensuring that the system remained intact and, secondly, whether they defaulted on this responsibility.
The incident involving the man and his family held up inside their house and where he demanded immunity from the murder, case of beer and fast food is an example of hostage-taking. There are categories of hostage-takers. Hostage-takers can be classified as those of political activists, mentally stable, criminal deviants and inmates (“Initial Response to a Hostage Situation”, n.d.).
Even so, the outcome of the law is that it does to a great extent formulate and influence moral codes. Thus, while morals inform the law, the law informs morals. In this regard, the separation of law from morals is intended to distinguish between that which is legally binding and that which is morally binding.
The author states that graffiti was used by cavemen to communicate and mark their territories. Moreover, in prehistoric times, graffiti was extensively used as it was an easy way to record the existence and successes of a famous individual. During the Age of Enlightenment, graffiti was extensively used by artists and writers.
European Union (EU) came into existence on March 25, 1957, as a result of the treaty of EEC with the name of European Economic Community (EEC) and then European Common Market. The objective of the EU through this treaty is to bring harmonious development of the economic activities. It is formed to increase stability.
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The author states that criminal have used the advantage of this where they misrepresent a product advertised for sale through the internet auction site, fail to deliver the item, or deliver an item but not as specified by the customer after receiving all the money as stipulated in their agreement with the customers.
rch project is to understand the scope and reach of the EU Law identifying its strengths in situations where it has the capability to override parliament law of a nation as well as contrasting it with the parliament law. In this report certain section of the EU law have been cited and interpreted.
One of the laws that have been compromised by such inadequate funding in the State of New Jersey is Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) Law. Such inadequacies in funding have significantly contributed to improper execution of the law resulting backlog, and other prosecution errors.
Shariah refers to the divine law as contained in the Quran and Sunnah. However, most of the classical Islamic law on financial transactions is not contained as rule/law in the Quran and Sunnah but is based on the often divergent views held by the established schools of law. The particular form and contents of the Murabaha agreement are not the same.
The insurance company, before issuing a policy, will require proof if insurable interest (Davey 2004). An example is if one was to take an insurance policy on a neighbor’s car, and the car got into an accident, the person will not stand to make any financial loss.
The field of moral philosophy (ethics) encompasses classifying, defending, and commending concepts of veracious and wrong conduct. Philosophers today generally divide ethical notions into three broad subject areas: normative ethics, meta-ethics, and applied ethics. Meta-ethics explores where our ethical values come from, and their meaning.
Over the years, lawmakers of different regions have exercised several different methods of execution; different methods include hanging, gas chambers, lethal injection, etc. This kind of punishment is still exercised in certain states of America; on the other hand, all European nations have stopped utilizing this means of punishment.
This paper will discuss the categories of critical infrastructure that concern law enforcement agencies and structures in their country that should be listed as critical targets. The essay will also discuss whether local politics should be involved when developing this list and ways to deal with the local politics involvement.
An even bigger debate can be ignited on the issue of the death penalty concerning those that participate in what is considered a capital crime but do not actually commit the crime themselves. In deciding this issue, and with respect to the Eighth Amendment prohibiting “cruel and unusual punishment”, the Supreme Court has adopted both a subjective and an objective approach.
According to Viscount Henry St John Bolingbroke (1748) separation of powers is necessary for the protection of individual freedoms, and thus for the security of persons. Its most popular proponent, Montesquieu adds that separation of power ensures liberty in the three arms of government.
His psychological characteristics and patterns prior and during the period he was committing the atrocities depicted his “murderous nature”. His modus operandi helped him a great deal in executing his intentions for quite a long period without being arrested.
The Driver Responsibility Law requires the monetary assessment of the drivers who are found guilty of a particular traffic offense or have gathered at least seven qualifying points upon the driving records. According to the Driver Responsibility Law, the revenues collected are entered into the General Fund of the state.
Some member states that were notorious for their human rights violations had gone to the extent of blocking the voting against any human violations and even indulged in extreme bureaucratic manoeuvring to stop wide publicity of their infringements like what Sri Lanka tried to gather supports from various members recently.
During the period of 1930s coercive tactics used by the police officials to obtain confession were taken into account by the courts. The term assigned to the use of coercion in interrogation was recognized as third-degree torture by the Wickersham Commission. The commission’s report brought about various alterations in the way police were functioning and courts even used the report while giving verdicts.
The finality of the arbitration award reflects the effectiveness of the arbitral process system. Recognizing and enforcing the arbitration reflects the extent of positive interaction of national regulations in the state of enforcement with the arbitration. The investors’ acceptance of arbitration depends on the extent of their belief.
The renewed sense of privacy and security in the health care sector attributed to it by this new legislation had its unique impact on technology as well. A whole set of technological applications evolved making possible a new way of handling data. But the threats to privacy and security that emerged from the very use of these new technologies, have to be addressed by technology itself.
But what constitutes a police corruption? A police officer is said to be corrupt when, while performing an official duty receives a bribe for doing something or abstaining from doing something. Several reports in the US indicate that police officers are the most corrupt compared to other departments.
U.S. landmark case of Plessy v. Ferguson
A group of black people belonging to the Comite des Citoyens from New Orleans were concerned about this law leading to racial discrimination and segregation and thus decided to put their efforts in repealing the law.
The courts are under an obligation to follow the Parliament’s Acts and cannot overrule legislation passed by the parliament and no Parliament can pass a law that the future Parliament of the country cannot change. The sovereignty of the parliament is the essential part of the constitution of the United Kingdom.
FEMA operates as a sub-agency under DHS being established under the Presidential Restructuring Plan no. 3 of 1978. The primary objective of this agency is to respond to any uncertain disasters witnessed by the US community, such as natural calamities of terrorist assaults which impose serious effects on the socio-economic stance of the US.
The investors aim to build up wealth from their capital investments. Stakeholders normally clash with the goals of the investors (Murtishaw & Sathaye, 2006). However, managers rarely take concern for the stakeholders, and in most cases, they pursue their ambitions. Although investors desire to have gained from their capital.
However, it should be an act that comes from within to ensure unbiased coexistence among people. People have the responsibility of ensuring that laws are adhered to thus making ethics at work inevitable. Having understood all these, it is an obligation for individuals in the criminal justice system and everyone else to uphold ethical actions by executing their duties fairly.
Psychosis is widely associated with two main symptoms which are hallucinations and delusions. In hallucinations people tend to hear, see and even in some cases smell things which are non-existent. Delusion on the other hand, is conditions where people believe things that when examined in rational manners are evidently false, for instance believing that your doctor is secretly planning to inject you with a kill substance.
Copyright can subsist only if it is a legally permitted work as Younger J had observed that a copyright cannot exist in a work that “is grossly immoral” in Glyn v Weston Feature Film Company (1916). It is important to understand that ownership of work by purchase or other transfers does not by itself give copyright of that work to the owner.
Within this particular understanding, moral rights are perceived as the ultimate good. Within such a view, it is immoral and unethical to deprive an individual or group of individuals of their moral rights; regardless of what lofty or high minded goal might wish to be accomplished as a result of such an action.
Finally, in both systems, before a can be convicted of any crimes, there must be a proof of unreasonable doubt that the person committed the crimes or the delinquent acts (Harry & Dammer, 2010). There are numerous comparisons between the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system. On the first note, the juvenile justice system is a characteristic of the criminal justice system.
The CERCLA requires that certain areas be closed off if they are deemed hazardous, creates a system of penalties for individuals or companies that release or create hazardous waste at a job site, and allows for the use of superfund money in cleanup efforts if the original perpetrators are nowhere to be found (Thomas, 2005, p. 130).
Administrative Law and Human Rights Judicial Review Judicial review entails looking at the public law with an intention of restructuring the legal principles. These principles acts as a check on the powers delegated to public bodies. In this sense, decision arrived at by neglecting the due process are challenged.