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The idea of domains or functional spheres of use was introduced by Fishman as a measure of the vitality of a language in situations of contact. According to this model, there are several stages of language shift. In stages 1-5 the minority language declines in usage in the public domain such as in government, media, and education and in work environments.
Mawng is both a prefixing and noun class marker language. It noun classes fall under five different categories and gender agreement stands out as the most defining factor that predicts categorization. Additionally, whereas most languages in Australia utilize the classifier system to categorize noun classes, Mawng utilized the gender system.
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10 pages (2992 words)
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, Research Proposal
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Based on the data analysis, attractiveness to women is strongly linked to the choice of words in speech. For one to be considered a language beauty, she must have the knowledge and the acceptable choice of words. The Japanese speech has an inclusion of several word variants culturally to express politeness and/or formality.
Learning Japanese offers me the capability to examine my native language and culture from an outsider’s point of view. Globalization and modern ways of communication such as the internet have been observed to bring the world closer than ever before thereby making it relevant for me and other learners to learn foreign languages such as Japanese.
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The key issues/ points in his work entail word classes’ analogy as categories of cross-linguistic, phonemes analogy as categories of cross-linguistic, certain language grammatical relations in English, similarities along with differences between certain language grammatical relations, and four cases illustrating problems of grammatical relations.
Many errors are made by Arabic learners of English: either spoken or written. Arabic grammar does not have the verb to be in the simple present tense. Similarly, it does not have the primary auxiliary verb do. Additionally, the Arabic language has one present tense as opposed to the English language, which has simple present tense and continuous present tense.
The TT skopos is requiring an imitation of the ST functions by the TT. Furthermore, the case presents a situation where the translator’s knowledge is of the target culture (TC) which again, has allowed him/her to expect possible reactions of a TT recipient and as a result, verify the functional adequacy of the process of translating the text produced.
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The translation is very much possible and has improved with the researches and scholarly works in linguistics increased. Through translation, people have overcome the language barrier, yet the process is not very easy. It is common for translators to meet overwhelming challenges and hardships in the process of translation.
The writing was of great importance for administration and thus for organizing state activities and valued cultural interests. There is significant evidence that most writings were for administrative purposes, but that does not underrate the role of writing in the non-administrative purpose of the skill in any way.
39 pages (15113 words)
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The method used in collecting data for this study was questionnaires. The results have revealed that the mainstream of Arab female scholars at Brisbane do code-switch to English in their everyday discussions and there is no connection linking acquaintance with interlocutors and code-switching. Another outcome is that tag switching is the mainly recurrent kind employed by Arab female scholars at Brisbane.
The theme’s analysis includes the sign and sign systems and their interaction, how the sign can be read, how the gaze operates in the text, and how the text includes and excludes identities and meanings through myth and ideology. The main signifiers in the Rolex Oyster advertisement are the woman, the Rolex watch logo, the water, and the text on the upper left corner.
Swahili Interjections, as is the case with other languages, have multiple pragmatic and semantic implications in utterances. Their meanings change with contexts that occasion their production. Several plausible explanations have been given forth for the multiplicity of use and meaning of exclamations and discourse particles.
Caution also needs to be put on the pricing of the products and services as the study indicates consumers do not want to spend more for an environmentally friendly institution. The managerial staff should therefore find innovative ways to recover the waste management costs and not put it directly as a service charge.
Wierzbicka (1996, 110) estimates the number of semantic primes at one hundred. The current entries are 65. These words, according to the proponents of NSM, are translatable into every language without loss or addition of meaning.
This case forms the discussion paper and is the report upon which analysis and interpretation of the feeling at that time will take place. Apart from the introduction, the theoretical analysis looks into the functionalism of linguistics as used in the discourse (such as genre analysis) and appraisal analysis.
Over the years, cognitive linguistics has brought out the significant role that metaphors play in scientific texts. Metaphors have enabled scientists to name new entities and also add to the scientific context through the creation of additional knowledge. Science is essential in society’s development.
Generally, semantics is a term in linguistics that is mainly concerned with the study of meaning and linguistics expressions either within complex or simple terms that are engaged in separation. In addition, semantics accounts for the system through which utterances are assigned several types of meaning.
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William Labov is credited as being the pioneer of an approach aimed at investigating the approach between language and society in a field that later came to be referred to as variationist sociolinguistics. This field is premised on the central doctrine that suggests that variation is inherent to linguistic structure.
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Discourse analysis is concerned with the use of language beyond the restrictions of the sentences, the link between the society and their language as well as the properties of the interactive dialog in daily conversations (Anna &Georgakopoulou, 2011). The interpretation of a narrative depends on the linguistic correlation between the two languages.
Communication is a critical part of our lives and is applied on a daily basis. Therefore, in the case of marriage, partners need to prioritize maintaining effective interpersonal communication in order to enjoy the outcomes of a long-lasting relationship. Interpersonal communications are described as irreversible, contextual and symbolic.
Whether communication takes place vocally, digitally, using radiofrequency or light signals, it is up to the airline communications manager to ensure that those communication processes are being carried out properly. Avoiding communication mishaps has to be the airline's top priority on a day-to-day basis in order to ensure safety.
In the study of linguistics, language can be described as the capability of the human being to use a system of communication. As such, it is the use of different languages that show how people exchange different utterances. In the world, there is an estimation of more than five thousand languages that are used by different countries.
They have enhanced further the need to promote internet communication as a platform to freely connect millions of people in different locations around the world. The ease of access to information that the internet has created has closely been associated with the different effects of revolutions around the world.
In most cases, men are exposed to a world where the conversation is competitive, where they constantly seek to achieve the upper hand and to wade off domination from other men. However, women use communication to gain corroboration and support for their thoughts. Men perceive the world as a niche to gain position and keep it.
We, human beings, are gifted with the senses that help us to attain knowledge of all kinds. With the help of our senses, we differentiate between truth and false but our senses take the help of four ways of knowing that are perception, reason, emotion, and language. We are able to differentiate between something that is true and something that is believed to be true on the basis of the different ways of knowing.
Special circumstances or considerations are required in consent issues with children, particularly if the “informed consent” consideration is given by a child. As the British Educational Research Association points out, juvenile to a very high degree, “make their decision, at least partly, in light of those relationships.
The prewriting stage is characterized by activities such as brainstorming in which the idea of the paper begins to take shape and thoughts regarding what one wants to say begin to come into focus. The planning stage is when these ideas are brought together into some sort of logical, meaningful sequence.
In conclusion, by thinking through these points, you can decide on an effective form, of presentation, for your survey. If you have the impression, that your survey, will not work well, consider different, incentives for your respondents, or even, as a last resort, change the length, of your survey.
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As a result, the Arabic language was chosen in order to represent them. Nevertheless, the Rashaida group use Arabic as their mother tongue. The rest of the groups use the Arabic language for religious reasons. Many of the local people in Eritrea trace their origin from Ethiopia. Therefore, the majority of them are able to speak Amharic fluently (Advameg, Inc., 2014).
Communication and language are intrinsic to the development of humans and is core to life-long learning. However, language is dynamic and changes over time along with how man perceives the words and their specific descriptions. Words tend to gain new meaning and lose old ones with time, which could lead to loss of usage of a language.
In the survey, numerous types of words with different meanings were used. The 5 most recurring words in the survey included ‘Most’, ‘Nigger’, ‘Retard’, ‘Ugly’, and ‘Feminist’. These words were extracted from the survey. From the list of top five most recurring words in the survey, the word, ‘Most’ was used extensively in survey.
Children who are raised with perpetual exposure to both languages prove to learn, speak and tackle the linguistic differences with far greater success in both languages, even when they stopped regularly speaking their primary language in childhood (Chang, Haynes, and et al 2-3). Language is one of the most amazing aspects of being human.
Tracing from past centuries, recognizable spellings as those demonstrated in the wording of the 14th century disappeared, vowel shift occurred later, and with increasing immigrations English language has not only shaped them but further developed. However, it’s vital to realize that this would occur alongside one’s native dialect.
It is costly to adopt bilingualism. In support of this argument, Hayakawa refers to bilingualism as “a costly and confusing bureaucratic nightmare” (576). Perhaps, Canada would appreciate this argument more as bilingualism costs it about $400 million every year, and increasing with the increasing expansion of the related services.
Relativization on subjects is a concept that is widely used in defining various chapters and numerical quantifiers that are used in fostering communication. The quantifiers facilitate individuals' understanding of diverse representations in relation to their objective nature, objects, relative pronoun, nouns, and pronoun retention among others.
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The research herein focuses on the investigation and examination of intercultural pragmatic failure of humor. Most people do not understand the humor due to a lack of knowledge about it or lack of primary details on the target group’s culture by the speaker. Some hearers fail to find a joke funny since they lack the culture.
“Cultural identity is always situational in character”. (Waters 1999: 44-9). From the perspective of interaction, the idea of identity arises from an abundance of minor and major communicational acts. This capacity to displace without losing the sense of connection to a social network has a global political-economic dimension. W.A. Lewis (1978).
In essence, the skills-based learning approach is aimed at providing the students with the benefits of both the Phonics and Whole Language-based instruction. In fact, the primary goal is to extract the advantages of the Top-Down and Bottom-up approaches, in addition to minimizing their inherent deficiencies.
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English Language Learners is the common term that has been adopted by educators to refer to students with a Limited English Proficiency, English as a Second Language and even in cases where Second Language Learners. This paper aims at providing strategies for the English Language Learners to help improve their learning process.
The total number of words in the entire narrative is 2292, with the total number of sentences being 188, which brings the mean length of the utterance of the entire narrative to an average of 12 words. The Prologue contains 292 words in 25 sentences, which brings the MLU of this section to 12 words.
The verbal description provides one of the basic lessons of leading a healthy social life, “She told them to have fun. She told them to be good” (Potter 2). What the author actually tries to convey is that children must enjoy themselves but the modes of such enjoyment should not be such that it hampers the lives and peace of others.
Comprehensive checks should be employed so that learners' self-confidence is not affected. After correcting a learner from an utterance mistake, comprehensive checks posed in quick succession may create a different notion in the learner’s mind. The learner is likely to look down upon his progress and thus quitting second language acquisition
Today, English and Chinese are the two languages spoken by the largest number of people worldwide. More people are interested in learning Chinese with China's recent rapid development, but it has really been very difficult for Westerners to learn the Chinese language and culture (Bassnett, 1999). On the one contrary, the Chinese language is different from the western alphabetic languages in both and pronunciation.
An Experimental Study (published in the year 2005) by Fukkink et al. proves that proper planning and related training can benefit second language learners to an extent. The authors also investigate the scope of reading comprehension (say, computer aided) and second language learning within the classroom environment.
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Nancy Mairs applies satire when talking about the American Society and the English language. The author also includes her struggles in life with multiple sclerosis (MS) in the story. In many ways, Mairs highlights elements in the American Dream based on hope and effort. The opinion of the author is that no other word defines her condition than crippled.
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Linguistic theorists explain how children develop their language step by step. Psychologists believe that there is a close relationship between language development and development of thoughts in children. These theories have taken different perspectives from time memorial. The natives’ perspective states that human beings acquire knowledge biologically.
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The origin of the speech act was in the philosophy of language. It attempted to explain the ways in which humans use language. It explores the various differences and similarities that existed in the use of language. Since then, this theory has been used in a widening context in linguistics. Computational models have also utilized this theory.
In most cases, youths living in foster care systems have in most cases lived through a number of traumas and other disruptive events as they prepare to transit to adulthood. Understanding the significance of stage and vulnerability are important variables with regards to the development of the brain. It highlights the need to have supportive and positive relationships with regard to the continued development of the brain.
It has been documented that, the learning of any language, including foreign languages like English requires some settings so that the aims of these learning can be attained. For example, oral proficiency. Some of these settings include the chance to utilize the language, experience, training, and stimulus.
The scholar highlights three features in the process of defining cosmopolitanism. First, the creation of differentiated practices, laws in a global context, and institutions with the internet as the platform of communication. The practices, laws, and institutions influence the language of various societies in the world.