Finance & Accounting Essays

The off-take agreement will be for a period of 20 years starting from the date of products made for sale and cab be renewed for one of more terms to the maximum of 5years. The price of the products which will be sold in parts of America (North and Latin) and the Caribbean will be based on the market-based formula initiated for the off-take agreement.

A Critical study of credit risk management in the First bank of Nigeria Plc Chapter 4 4.1 Credit policy in first bank of Nigeria Credit risk management in First Bank of Nigeria verifies and manages all credit process beginning with origination to the collection of payments and other obligations (Risk management disclosure, 2010).

The author of the paper states that for the purposes of economic statistics and econometric calculations a wide range of tools and theories are available. An area of considerable utility is the field of calculations pertaining to quantity or variants, at an arbitrary point within a particular series.

2). There is, then, a concentric compilation of all health information that patients had availed from the time they were born up to their present existence, in any health-related fields and for different individualized pathological condition. With its encompassing concept, its principal functions distinctively set it apart from other subtypes of electronic records.

In layman’s term, a power supply can be compared to a physical heart, the brain, or the blood of ‘something’ that moves. If the power supply malfunctions, all the rest within the gadget and appliance system are affected. With the advent of integrated circuits (ICs), the power supply has gone to many innovations and complications in systems and designs and even in uses.

But curtailing overproduction and reducing or eliminating inventories could lead to missed opportunities or higher gains during periods of higher demand, specially on products that see little or no change on their manufacturing, composition, or function.” My Response To The Student’s Answer: Throughout the course of history, management accounting writers have formed an opinion that there is an inversely proportional link between the allocation of fixed overheads and the want or incentive to over produce inventory.

Majority of Western European states have higher GDPs and living standards whereas many of the Eastern Europeans economies are still struggling to attain an improved growth rate. The recent European sovereign debt crisis negatively affected the Europe’s economic status.

Merger and acquisition are done by the companies with the purpose expand the market share; acquire new technologies, sales and distribution opportunities etc. In acquisition and merger some companies make payments in cash or stocks or the combination of the two.

Nike is a unique brand that manufactures and sells various sportswear items and uniforms for many forms of sports ranging from tennis, soccer, badminton, rugby to track events. Nike operates many outlets in the world, for example, NIKETOWN sportswear and shoe stores; NIKE factory outlets; NIKE Women stores, and it also sells its products online.

Earnings are recognized when earned and expenses when they are incurred. Accrued based accounting is utilized by the majority of corporations and businesses in America. The GAAP framework is designed to work under accrued based accounting. The second method that businesses can use to keep track of their economic activity is cash based accounting.

(AMZN) and 3M Co. (MMM). Abbot Laboratories (ABT) belongs from the health care sector and specializes in Drug Manufacturing. The company was founded in 1888. The company is located in United States and possess a workforce of 90,000 fulltime employees. The company practices discovery, development, manufacture, and sale health products globally.

Performance Management Student Name Instructors Name Course University Date of Submission Performance Management UGC Plc has decisions to make regarding the construction of the new system whether to carry the project in house or outsource the project to a subcontractor.

However, by 2001 peso was devalued against the dollar, output decreased significantly, government defaulted on its debt, and inflation returned (IMF 2003, p.3). Fixed exchange regime, once deemed crucial to fighting inflation, turned the country’s seeming stability into a disaster.

The practices of accountants and auditors must be consistent and compliant with the standards and regulations issued by governing authorities and regulators such as the GAAP or the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and many others. Auditor serves the central role in the accounting system; internal auditor can serve the purpose of ensuring that internal control systems are good and also enhance corporate governance.

These governments have opened doors for foreign investors who might be interested in setting up their businesses in the country as this could create employments for the locals. It will also benefit from tax revenue that will be levied to these companies. As a result government will use these resources to improve the basic infrastructure that will help in creating employment.

The monies that the government has borrowed from the public to finance its expenditure programs for a particular fiscal year is referred to as budget deficit and it consequently contributed to the ultimate public debt of a country. In other words, budget deficit is the difference between government’s income and its expenditure.

Accounting Information System Various activities are performed in order to achieve Top Burger desired output. Processes are the input activities that are performed on the inputs. From the case study, the following activities are performed: Feeding sales- this is the activity that involves entering of the sales transactions in the company data in order capture the amount of sales and the details by the use of the software.

The subprime crisis is believed to have had a significant role in the occurrence of the Global Financial Crisis in 2008. This type of crisis situation is a consequence of the subprime lending and not caused due to over-lending by banks. The credit status relative to the borrowers is referred to as subprime. It is not the interest rate corresponding to the loan itself.

However, Time Value of Money analysis needs to be conducted in order to find out what payment should be made for the bond now in order to get back $ 1000000 after one year. However, there are significant other factors that need to be considered while conjuring up to the present value of the bond.

The conceptual framework provides guidance on the boundaries of financial accounting and other events related to it. The accounting conceptual framework was developed as early as 1970s. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is in charge of developing and reviewing the frameworks.

The cycle of excessive lending practiced in East Asia, during the late 1990s, was exaggerated by implied or unambiguous agreements between lenders and debtors, along with weak administration of financial regulations and concerns among the banking sector.

The argument presented is that the standards set by IAS 12 are too hard to apply or even understand. In the plight of these criticisms, two accounting standards boards, UK’s (ASB) and Germany’s (GASB) opted to conduct a proactive project plan aimed at fundamentally reviewing the standards set by IAS 12 prove hard to solve through piecemeal amendment.

Even though intellectual capital may be similar to tangible assets in its potential to generate future cash flow, it is different radically from tangible capital in various respects: intellectual assets are not rival assets. Intellectual assets can be multiplexed unlike tangible assets that can only do one thing at a time; relational capital and human capital cannot be owned and are shared with suppliers, customers and employees.

Dodd Frank: A Review and Analysis from the Perspective of Small Financial Institutions. With so many government programs originally intended to provide an answer to prior shortcomings that have been found in key structural areas of the economy, the Dodd Frank Act of 2010 had a series of profound impacts upon the way in which banks and financial institutions integrate with business.

The net profit margin and gross profit margin are used in analyzing the profitability of an entity. The net profit margin and gross profit margins are used to evaluate the operating performance of a company (Pamela and Frank 2010). The net profit margin calculates the net profit as a percentage of sales.

The debt crisis made headlines globally because of its destabilizing effects. Renewed challenges in global financial markets are closely associated with the debt crisis. It is vital to study the effects of the crisis on the financial markets using an event study approach that focuses on theoretical perspectives.

Some clients invest a part of their savings in different avenues such as banks, capital market instruments, money market instruments, mutual funds, derivatives etc. The most common objective however is to maximize their return on investment. As the financial manager researching investments for clients it is important that research is conducted in line with the expectations and investment goals of the client.

External users rely on the information presented by the company since they do not have contact with a company’s day to day operations (Warren, 2012). Following are the users of a company’s financial accounts: Debt holders and bondholders: The creditors of the company use financial accounts to conduct risk analysis of a company.

Corporate social responsibility concerns having sufficient effect to the society by offering adequate protection to local or any other investment before considering the money invested in foreign countries. There are several ways through which an accounting professional is involved when it comes to the issues of environmental corporate social responsibility.

Outsourcing is not just about the money, it’s about tapping into the vast international talent and optimizing them. Hence this paper presents my view point on the basis of strong evidences that standard financial investment criteria should not be the only basis on which the outsourcing decisions are made.

This has been disclosed in terms of the individual money and total money that is contributed towards the scheme. Nevertheless, I think it would be better for more information to be sent directly to the individuals who are covered by the scheme so that they can count the money which is being directed towards their retirement plan.

The demand for construction of new trailers has been consistently rising through the five years to 2011, although demand for repair remained consistent throughout the same period. As a result, the company decided to raise its production level, however its policies and practices remained the same.

The financial reports contain several key projects to be addressed by both IASB and FASB such that the financial disclosures require further enhancement as well as alignment with the existing standards issued by IASB and FASB. Currently, the key projects which are required to be considered further, are revenue recognition, leasing and financial instruments.

This practice is not creating burden on their financial status in the current scenario but are expected to create problems in the long run. This practice is not workable in the long run. It is for the reason that over a period of time the income of the family (mainly regular income as salary) will end and while the mounted debt payments will be due.

How effective is budgeting to the financial planning of an organization? In the recent past, conflicting claims have arisen on the need for budgeting as a planning tool for businesses. A section of financial advisors and analysts hold that budgeting is an outdated way of planning.

The Certified Public Accountants firms have managers and audit partners who review the work of the staff auditors. Furthermore, the audits of the public companies and other engagements are checked by independent audit partners, who provide the second review of the information, before the audit opinion is finally released.

In its quest for improvement Charles Ltd implemented a new budgetary system that helped it to compare its performance after a given period of time. Although the idea of implementing such a system was to benefit the overall entire organization, the director failed to take into account the behavioural issues that were associated with its implementation.

The paper is an attempt to research about the effect of the economic crisis of Greece in the world economy. The economy of Greece, which was a fastest growing one from the year 2000 to 2007, faced severe downturn from the late of 2009. The economy was flooded by the foreign funds in those years. The burden of Greece surpasses €340 billion and this is expected to increase which is more than the economy of Greece.

Throughout 2008, the unemployment rate was higher than usual  3. There was huge inflation in energy prices, agricultural products, industrial products, and precious metals  4. Falling stock market index  5. Huge decline in U.S. net lending and borrowing rates during 2008 6.

All mixtures are pressurized at 600 MPa. 6 parts of mixture A and 7 of mixture B have been taken and processes at different temperatures in the furnace, the temperatures are 1220, 1230, 1235, 1240, 1280, and 1295o C. The report will analyze the various outcomes of the different experiments carried out under different conditions.

These statements are published in the annual reports of public corporations. The data contained in the financial statements can be utilized by financial analyst to make financial analysis such as vertical, horizontal, and ratio analysis (Besley & Brigham, 2000).

Fixed Tangible assets forms an important line item in the Balance Sheet of any company especially in the case of a manufacturing concern. As per the International Accounting Standard (IAS) 16 Property, Plant and Equipment, items pertaining to various classes of property, plant and equipment shall be classified as assts when the following two conditions are fulfilled It is probable that the future economic benefits, associated with the assets will flow to the entity and; The cost of the asset can be measured reliably [1] The important thing to consider at the time of recognition of fixed asset is the identification of the relevant cost based on which the asset should be capitalized in the bala

This paper intends to convince a client about the benefits of using an internal auditor. Functions of an Internal Auditor An internal auditor has an objective of assisting “all members of management in the effective discharge of their responsibilities, by furnishing them with analyses, appraisals, recommendations and pertinent comments concerning the activities reviewed” (Ridely, 2008, p.9).

The author states that direct taxation is levied on the income of people. They pay directly in taxes out of the income they earn. Similarly, indirect taxation is not levied on people’s income. Instead, it is levied on the spending of people. They pay the taxes each time they make a purchase. Direct taxes cannot be avoided.

British Airways Plc and Iberia had merged to form a new leading airline group named International Airlines Group (IAG). IAG is formed, and its shares were listed on London Stock Exchange, on 24 January 2011. As a result of the merger with Iberia, British airline’s revenue has increased up 17 percent (to £9,990 million).

Income statement of PepsiCo has been prepared on consolidated basis such that the individual income statements of the parent company and its subsidiaries are consolidated to present the complete and summarized financial performance of the whole PepsiCo group.

Self-management is the foundation of success and financial service management requires individuals to develop habits in line with their traits and personalities. Through the course, I have managed to overcome barriers to personal success by addressing the shortcomings of my traits. I have improved my emotional intelligence.

Requirements: Although the Conceptual Framework views the primary use of accounting numbers as decision making, we still see accounting measures used in contracts for management compensation. a) Given that, why do you think that companies use accounting numbers in management compensation contracts?

With the dynamism in the current business environment such as increased costs of doing business and competition, business organizations and financial institutions seek for ways of reducing costs and increasing their productivity levels. Through consolidating by mergers and acquisitions, banks hope to curb these challenges.

One of the key suppositions is that both buyers and sellers via a series of indiscernible connections, helps to thrust market prices towards equilibrium price. Secondly, when government gets involved in the market, it impedes the market capacity to allocate goods and services efficiently.