Engineering and Construction Essays

The machine is allowed to determine the X, Y, and Z-axis then touches the edges of the component. to allow the machine to identify the X, Y, and Z-axis, touch the edges. The machine is run to measure the component length and width by only touching the machine edge and head of the pointer needle to the number of points specified for the component.

The lower flash point happens at the lower temperature as the lower flammability limit meaning that they both occur at, the lower temperature. The upper flammability limit takes place at a high temperature as the upper flashpoint of the volatile material like chemicals. The temperature has an influence on both flash points and flammability limits.

In this experiment, we will use a digital micrometer to measure the length and the diameter of aluminum pins for production (see figure 1). Thus, since accuracy is more important in measuring the dimensions of the pins, a digital micrometer was used in this experiment to ensure that the recorded dimensions are as accurate as possible. 

Before undertaking the project approval was required from the authorities. The local government of Sydney will construct an easement Park lot. A project plan will be developed after this, and this will be presented to the Sydney city council for approval. The activities of the project will commence upon approval of the survey plan.

The fire became bigger up to the extent of melting the tray. As burning/ combustion continued the maximum point was reached, and the level of combustion reduced gradually until fire became subtle. Almost all parts got burnt meaning the oxygen available was sufficient to complete all fuel in the firebox. 

A micrometre refers to the machine that is used for measuring small materials like the diameter of the wire, the diameter of the bicycle spoke, the diameter of the pen, etc.In the micrometre, there is always the screw that is calibrated, and it is this screw that is in the full application in the concise and accurate measurement of small materials.

From the control chart above, it can be noted that most of the sample s are outside the mean of length. The diameter indicates that 80% are within the control unit. This means that the mean does not disperse too much. Mass Production is not needed as the deviations exceed 90% between the upper limit and lower limit is minimal. 

Three-Phase Synchronous Generator is loaded to its full load so as to know the efficiency that is output power/ input power and voltage regulation. As is obvious, the power wasted in this test is considerable, but the results are obtained under the actual operating conditions, and hence are actual results.

The load weight used is 500 grams on the arch. There are three experiments in the entire laboratory report. Experiment One determines the practical horizontal loads when several loads shift to different intervals from the left-hand support to the right-hand support of the two hinged arches and vice versa.

The cut-off frequency can be reduced by reducing the natural frequency of the system the results in reduced frequency response, therefore, the ride feels smooth. It also makes the step response sluggish. This can be seen from the later graph.

An induction motor is a mechanical device that converts electrical energy fed into kinetic energy (in the form of torque). When the electrical energy in an induction motor is obtained by the electromagnetic induction from the magnetic field generated by the winding of a stator, the motor is referred to as an asynchronous motor.

Manual operation is achieved through Bluetooth technology. The droid is fitted with infra-red sensors at the front to detect the positions of obstacles to prevent collisions. The operation of the droid can be achieved by either manual or automatic modes.

The least time of travel for a distance of 5m is 3.75s. The overall weight of the car is 0.14kg. The coefficient of the ground friction is 0.9 while the rolling resistance is 0.5. However, as the design was improved regarding performance, the cost kept on rising. The initial model cost 8.4 AUD while the last cost was 17.9 AUD.

ASET can only be predicted by using estimated intensity curves for smoke and heat in a fire, toxic gases such as carbon monoxide to establish the endpoints of ASET. Endpoints are the times when the conditions in the building become untenable/unbearable for anyone in the building to evacuate due to the smoke, heat, and toxic gas exposure.

Resistance (denoted by R, measured in Ohm,) is a measurement of how difficult or easy the flow of electric current occurs through a given material or device. Four factors are known to affect the resistance of a conductor material: conductivity of the material, its cross-sectional area, length, and temperature. 

For decades of years, the automatic sprinkler system has been used as a very effective means of fire protection. Studying the effects of sprinkler systems in compartment fires may not suffice without understanding the mode of operation of the sprinkler system. The sprinkler head types within an automatic sprinkler are sensitive to temperature. 

Climate change is a growing challenge across the globe and it is becoming a worrying issue in modern days. Global warming caused by pollution from high-carbon fuels and other nonrenewable sources of energy is becoming a major cause of concern in the globe and must be addressed immediately. This lab enables students to have a broad knowledge regarding various types of renewable energies. 

Thus, ceiling vented compartments are considered a typical kind of under-ventilated fire scenarios which are characterized by both the unsteady air exchange with the environment as well as quick falls of the smoke layer. It is worth noting that air mixed with combustion product in such fires is entrained by the fire which results in oxidation of the fuel under-ventilated condition.

A pipeline failure because of an external event, defects, or corrosion could result in production loss and, sometimes contamination.  Normally, pipeline failure is attributed to numerous causes, and the damage extent and type, as well as depth of water wherein the failure, happens demonstrates the way through which the repair could be done.

Load resistance can be defined as what determines the amount of current which flows through a given component. Normally resistors are used in controlling voltage and current level with high internal resistance level allowing very low current to pass through. In a series circuit, the overall sum of the resistance is given by summing up all the resistance in the circuit.

Conventionally, experiments done in the laboratory are fundamental in the general design of the system as well as the practical implementation of design systems. They are building blocks in electrical engineering even though limited to their usefulness.

Decision-making is imperative in every phase. These decisions affect the decisions that will affect the tasks be carried out. To realize an effective decision-making process, project managers, as well as other project managers, must grasp other similar or related projects (Kerzner, 2013). Construction is risky, dynamic, challenging, and at the same time rewarding.

The move towards green buildings has been concerned about energy inefficiency, depletion of fossil fuels, and the degradation of the environment.  Buildings in Kuwait and the entire Middle East region consume high energy levels than those in other areas due to high temperatures and excessive use of glass exteriors.

A second garage was opened in 1902 City, whereby a Westminster-based building was converted into a car park and could hold at least 230 vehicles. Still, Hotel La Salle’s car park is the earliest recognized multi-story car park, which was constructed in downtown Chicago in 1918.

When the load is added to a column, the member may fail by crushing or buckling depending on materials used in its cross-section and length. Members that are usually longer compared to the lateral dimensions will always fail by bucking, so any member with signs of buckling will often fail with the slightest increase in its load. 

In pulse width modulated speed controllers uses less electricity as compared to analog speed controllers. AC motor synchronous speed is determined by the stator poles per phase and the frequency of the ac supplied and it runs at synchronous speed while in Tachometer results show that output frequency is proportional to rpm. 

In this experimental setup, the method that was utilized involved altering parameters under investigations and measuring their corresponding effects on the temperature changes, these were then compared with the set values so at to generate a control signal that could enable regulation of the electrical power supply to the motor. 

Modern-day technologies have now paved the way for the automation of the entire process. A process that could take hours with a manual can now take minutes to be completed by the use of automation. Dismantling of the equipment has also its challenges but with the right tools to do this task, it has become safer and has reduced losses.

the research recommendations reveal that there is still too little information on the process and geometric characteristics of a single track on Ti6Al14V which forms the basic topic of research. This means that many studies according to the above-discussed information are based on the parameters that surround the SLM process. 

The most viable solution to worn-out tools and equipment is to either replace them with new ones or repair the worn-out parts of the same equipment. For instance, in the photograph above, the best solution will therefore be replacing the worn-out cable with a new one or providing an insulating material for the exposed and naked live wires.

The inclining weight was moved to the center of a platoon at the 0 mm point on the linear scale before tightening the screw. The inclining weight was then transverse to the right in 10 mm increments and the angular displacement of the plump line was measured. This was repeated six times until the end of the scale has been reached. 

A centrifugal pump in normal circumstances provides a low-pressure increase in the coolant. When the centrifugal pump is operating at a constant speed, the increase in the pressure on the flowing coolant results in a reduction in the level and magnitude of the volumetric rate of flow that can be maintained by the centrifugal pump.

The authors utilized the LC-filter to eliminate the harmonics so as to obtain a pure sine wave that can be utilized directly to drive a pump system as well as a single-phase induction motor. The experimental analysis conducted by [ HYPERLINK \l "KBR13" 1 ] offers a design of a solar water pumping system that is powered by PV panels and coupled with full-bridge SPWM inverter, centrifugal pump, LC filter, induction motor, and DC to DC Boost converter.

For some decades now, multistage flash desalination (MSF) and reverse osmosis (RO) have turned out to be a feasible, sustainable as well as an economical source of freshwater across the globe. Multi-Stage Flash Distillation is widely utilized for seawater desalination, but because of the large scale and complex nature of such plants, there is a need to improve their operational reliability under heavy and continuous loads as well as their efficiency.

These range from construction activities; irrigating farmlands, and even for household needs. It is, therefore, necessary to have an extensive understanding of how it will behave under certain conditions. With such knowledge, the engineers can be able to effectively design the distribution systems that will satisfy all conditions of flow.

By resolving the external forces it is subjected to compressive stresses, and in turn, eliminating tensile stresses, arches have found common application in structures requiring long spans, most notably bridges. This process of resolving forces to compressive stresses is referred to as arch action (Vaidyanathan & Perumal, 2004). When a load is applied at the top of the arch, it pushes outward at the base, referred to as thrust. As the load at the top increases, the arch tends to flatten out, resulting in more thrust at the bases.

Incompressible fluids such as water are of major interest to engineers. This is because they are utilized in all manner of applications and understanding their behavior is a necessary prerequisite. One of the main characteristics of these fluids is flow patterns. This is described in terms of discharge, the rate at which a fluid such as water flows through a section.

The metacentric height (GM) is used to measure the initial static stability of a floating vessel. A larger GM indicates that the vessel has better initial stability against capsizing. The commonly accepted method to obtain an accurate assessment of the vessel’s initial GM is the inclining experiment, which is carried out after the vessel is fully built.

Proper concrete requires the appropriate calculation of the ratio of the constitutive element to ensure its meeting the advantages discussed. Mixing of concrete requires portable water without heavy metals. Wastewater is untreated water containing high amounts of nutrients both beneficial and harmful such as heavy metals.

Wastes from construction and demolition account for about 10-30 percent of wastes going to most landfills in the world. Construction waste materials are the unwanted residue that comes from demolition, modification, and construction of buildings. The GCC countries in which Saudi Arabia is a member produce about 120 million tonnes of wastes every year.

Voltage is plotted on the x-axis, cumulative frequency on the y-axis. Points should be joined together with a curve. Points should be plotted at the highest point in each group. (Point at 535 for the first group, 540 for the second).  

Both the experimental and numerical studies have been conducted in order to ascertain the extent to which the action of ventilation of fire in tunnels takes place. Simulator models are used in the numerical studies whereas the experimental studies give the computational dynamics of the fluid model of the initial and the boundary conditions.

Compartment fire is a fire burning inside an enclosed space such as a room within a building. The controlling factors of a compartment fire are heat from the burning fuel and the flow of oxygen into the fire [24]. The wind has a great influence on fire behavior by increasing hot smoke and fire growth in the building. 

The presence of ambient wind substantially affects the steady temperature of the smoke [23]. When the ambient wind speed goes beyond a certain critical speed, it will result in a steady smoke temperature being achieved[23]. Smoke temperature can be in any of the three states, any of the two stable states or it can be in the unstable state.

Smoke is the initial and utmost threat to human life during fire incidents in shopping complexes, as they hamper visibility, cause suffocation, and delay evacuation. The shopping complexes also present a significant challenge to fire protection due to their height, which undermines the efficiency of automatic sprinkler systems. 

One thing to understand is that metal matrix composite is susceptible to fatigue like thermal fatigue. This can happen as a consequence of differences in properties and if we consider Ti matrix composite we can see that titanium alloys reinforced with particles or whiskers of TiB exhibit decent near-threshold fatigue crack growth characteristics.

Jet Aircraft became the wave of the future with speed and size ever-increasing until finally reaching the Airbus A380 whose maiden flight was on April 27, 2005. The Airbus A380 will hold 555 passengers, versus about 412 in a 747-400. “The A380 wing is one of the mightiest structures ever created--9,100 square feet of ribs, spars, and skin.

This project management report presents a detailed analysis of the project planning and budget allocation to the project of the Adams family for the restoration of the farmhouse and its roof. This project report covers the project’s Statement of Work (SoW). This Statement of work will present a detailed overview of the project.

One of the main benefits of this activity is that it permits the fields to maintain the production of crude oil for many years in a constant manner. Crude oil, water, and gas are produced by the onshore separation plant project. “The incoming oil and water can form an emulsion and may be difficult to separate.

However, using cranes demand highly skilled operators and strict safety regulations. Without these two factors, several lives may be lost by the wrong or careless use of industrial cranes. To date, many reports relay crane-related accidents that could have been avoided if safety regulations were carefully considered.