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Power is viewed as the ability of powerful individuals to realize their will over the powerless individuals. Power is also seen as the ability to make the powerless individuals do the things they are unwilling to do. Power is also viewed as possession by individuals and individuals, who are powerless, to try and avoid the control by those in powers.
Contemporary political thinkers, like Lash and Urry, try to move away from the Marxist perspective in their analysis of social inequality. Lash believes that Marx’s critical theory is no longer an accurate explanation of today’s social inequalities. Lash argues that the current world order is ‘information listed, yet more than ever capitalist’.
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Butler (1990) has written essays which are related to queer theory, and, in one of her essays, she explores how gender is a cultural construct, and how gays and lesbians often subvert the culturally “acceptable” meaning of the terms “man” and “woman.” For instance, she notes that the feminine pronoun “she” may or may not belong to an actual woman.
The traditional nuclear family has profoundly changed over in the recent past decades. These developments will lead to a diminished form of family. The stable environment and behavioral stability practised in the nuclear setting will change to something undesirable (Popenoe 1988). Moral standards will always be questioned.
More scrutiny is given to the favored race translating to the lagging performance of the other students. If bright students are choosing not to attend some higher education institutions because they think their face does not fit the environment then that becomes a big constraint to educational success.
Every individual needs protection from crime because it affects young people as much as it affects the elderly group. The community and police officers need to be alert to detect any danger in any form that may cost the society dearly. In the community level, disorder and crime are perceived as linked activities in their development.
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The stereotype of black women being left by their husbands as a result of other parties in their relationships is vehement in the U.S. The problem that arises in the book Passing is that of lack of trust in pure African American relationships and consequently resulting to broken marriages and divorces.
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Among the individuals receiving the punishments especially younger ones, confusion or problems such as understanding why these punishments are dealt with and the legitimacy of doing so might be harder for them to comprehend, which might lead to the possibility of soft punishments to become ineffective.
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In Australia and this case New Zealand, there is a day specifically dedicated to the hood. In 2008, in order to challenge the media and the youth stereotypes on the issue of the hood, New Zealand set a day as part of the annual youth week and named it the ‘hoodie day’.
It may be the expectation, given the scope of social change literary works, which frequently presumes the stressful and even neurotic nature of social and environmental transitions. Foreign students from places different to Nottingham would report some levels of frustration, stress, and in extreme cases, depression, although this was not witnessed in those interviewed in this research.
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As per the government policy (Criminal Justice, 2009) on prisoners’ homelessness, they are supposed to fulfill a Housing Needs Initial Assessment (HNIA) for 90% of new prisoners within four days of their entry into the prison to facilitate attention to any of the offender accommodation issues, on keeping or closing tenancies.
The problem has severe impacts on both the health and social aspects of the patients. In order to deal with this problem WHO recommends better awareness among the population and national policy of England asks for voluntary assistance from local businesses to help deal with the situation.
Contemporary proponents of Kant’s relevance to international politics espouse the view that democracy leads to peace. But this position contradicts the philosophic foundations of Kant’s works. Hence there is no straightforward account of how Kant’s works have influenced subsequent social thought.
This is because the sign of the college graduate degrees, which continues to grow significantly as the tuition fee, also continues to rise; hence, the signs for the continued growth in the numbers of borrowers and the number of loans borrowed.
These individuals had different answers according to their exposure to the different things that are according to internet usage in different places in the world. In response to the question of whether they had access to the internet, all the people said that they could access it through the different gadgets which they had or they could access from other people.
The issue of social stratification is amplified by gender inequalities. In most communities, women are not considered in the inheritance of family resources. The society has held male gender as more powerful socially hence men possess a lot of resources than women. This has created social classes since women have to be obedient to their husbands.
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Marx considers the state to represent part of the “superstructure” of society. Marx divided human society into a material base (foundation) and superstructure that rests on the structure. The base comprises of instruments of production, the social classes, primarily the exploiting and working classes of the society and the connection between the classes.
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Fromm (267), brings in the perspective of personal sacrifice, which Fascism and Masochism proclaim to be the highest virtue a person can possess. He calls this an obsession that is in no way a reflection of freedom. Masochists believe in the physical sacrifice of the self, and the submission to a higher power;
The functionalist theory is applicable in the feudalism and communist countries such as China and Russia, where the scarce resources within the society are not shared on the basis of competition or merit, but based on the established social values that seek to stabilize the society through a social system of equitable distribution of the scarce resources.
The author exhorts one to understand how capital punishment discourses in criminological studies are related to the ongoing legitimacy of power-exercises within the state. While states engage in other forms of death-dealing in their exercise of power they resort to crime control measures such as capital punishment to deter criminals.
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Labeling and hospitalization have been found to cause depersonalization. Rosenhan gives it the approach of trying to find the difference between sanity and insanity given the often non-compelling evidence. Within the article, he argues that one may appear normal yet insane. Due to the attitudes, we exude towards others, depersonalization may crop in.
Hall's 3rd definition is class-specific. The difference between Hall’s definition and the narrow definition of popular art is the class-specificity in hall’s definition is not negative (it is not negative, vulgar or insulting.) instead it is a definition derived from a Marxist perspective, which tends to be even positive (anti-hegemonic).
At this level, marriage seems to be a private relationship that is built on a limited number of individuals with the man and woman being at the epicenter. In redefining marriage, one must go beyond the existing marriage views and reject the truth. Marriage is restrictive and a mode of the creation of a children’s well-being in the society.
Social construction offers a counter to medicine’s deterministic logic in ways that can widen and enhance policy deliberations and decisions. The social construction of obesity has several benefits even though there are criticisms levelled against social construction. What does it mean to say that obesity is ‘socially constructed’?
There were few or no movies at all trying to suggest that women can do the same role too, and as effective as or even more than men. The ideology concerning women is equal with men continuous to grow forward to maturity, as revealed in a more sophisticated manner because this relevant issue can now be made clear in films like “The Heat”.
The consideration of the employee as a social person remains instrumental in warding off burnouts and frustrations at the workplace. This is because, the employee as a social person is accorded a realistic performance target and wider accessibility to information and tools of communication (Parton, 2008, 166-8 & (Jones & May, J., 1999, p. 34).
Torture has been known with many new names like law enforcement agencies call it ‘enhanced interrogation techniques’ and human rights organisations call it ‘domestic or regional violence’, law abiders term it as ‘violation of fundamental rights of protection’. Similarly, it is still prevalent in some form.
Rationalization can be applied to improvements in the human body. This is through such activities as exercises, taking a balanced diet, maintaining good hygiene. The rationality of engaging in excises is to help improve the efficiency of the body and reduce the possibility of diseases associated with lack of exercise.
In 1991 the UK passed the Dangerous Dogs Act banning certain breeds of dogs considered aggressive and imposing strict liability on their owners for any bites they inflicted on people (Kelly and Toynbee 2009 p. 356). This apparently was the result of press reports of vicious unprovoked attacks by these breeds and the labeling of their owners as anti-social.
Of all the constructs that can be measured and inferred upon, the issue of crime is perhaps the most relevant to discussing the differentials between all of the theories that have thus far been put forward. The proceeding section will analyze the way in which conflict theory, functionalism, and social interactionism explain motivations for and determinants to crime.
Frank Tannenbaum is known as the grandfather of this theory. He described the social interaction in crime and set the basis for modern criminology. He was the one who introduced the concept of tagging or labeling which he believed that a negative tag or label would contribute to further criminal activities.
The changes in farming, the revelation of new markets, whence procurements may be foreign, might for a period neutralize the inclination to an ascent in the cost of necessaries, and may even event their characteristic cost to fall, so will the same reasons prepare the journalist impacts on the common cost of work.
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Measurable Learning Objectives: To know whether or not the group members are finally independent and have learnt through the treatment. Another major objective of the last week of the treatment is to clearly understand that the models adopted and the leadership style practised has been effective or not.
The migration influences the urban society of the UK locales. Different ethnic groups occupied different locations in UK cities, and this determined the multiculturalism. The migrants give up their culture and practice the host culture but remember their customs vaguely. The cultural clubs in modern urban society are seen as a way of retaining culture among the migrants.
The academy tries to make sure that it addresses the special needs of the students who attend school in order to help them overcome their problems. It has many programs such as reproductive health care and education. The school also provides the students with mental health counseling and crisis assistance and well as legal assistance.
One of the biggest challenges that governments are having to deal with is the increasing prevalence of corporate crimes. Apparently, more cases of organizational crimes are being reported across all political jurisdictions. The role of the government in ensuring that these types of crimes are not committed stems from its primary mandate of protecting the citizenry.
Crime in Brixton is a reality since the region is home to some of the deadliest gangs in the UK, one of the leading crime areas in London. Street gangs and crimes have been a common phenomenon in Brixton from the 1980s, when Brixton’s predominantly African-Caribbean community began to experience serious social and economic challenges.
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Postpartum depression is a common disorder occurring in first-time teen mothers in the UK today. The disorder is caused by various predisposing factors and can be detected through observation of certain common symptoms. This depression is preventable especially when detected in its early stages. The therapies are essential in helping the young mothers.
Miller (2013) reported that one of the reasons religious groups have well-crafted texts but still engage in violent conduct is brainwashing. Many teachers are masters of manipulation where followers are viewed as resources to fulfil a leader’s ambitions. No wonder these leaders are seldom involved in these wars directly but instead use their brainwashed members.
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The functionalistic unity postulate of the society: This postulate states that every part of a social system, for instance, institutions as society basic structure module is serving to preserve the whole society. The postulate of positive universalism of functionalism says that each component has a role that is positive for the whole society.
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Class habitus influences brand presences as well among affluent classes where individuals feel satisfied after purchasing luxury brand products. Nonetheless, they do not pursue irrational decision making; instead, such consumers have greater knowledge about luxury brands and products compared to their lower-class counterparts.
The author, Tom Shakespeare, gives an account of his face-to-face account of harassment and humiliation from girls he finds on the train he boards on his way home. It is critical to note that although he is abused in front of many passengers in the train, no one bothers to utter a word or even stop the girls from hurling insults at the author.
When people live in their different areas of residence, some of the positive events that happen are that they develop interdependence, which is necessary for fostering peaceful coexistence. However, as the population grows in a region, different vices often tend to emerge, causing people to look for alternatives for safer living.
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With the increase of the number of unstable and dangerous zones in the world, where threats to human’s life and health exist, many people escape from their homes, often forcedly, believing that this is the only possible and available way of saving their lives, families, and health if it is not damaged in the circumstances that made them flee.
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Children with autism may experience a lack of empathy and may have difficulties in understanding social cues. Over the year, children with autism have been treated as having a disability and have been taken to special schools but with increased knowledge about the disorder, the need for inclusion of these children into the mainstream schools has arisen.
Despite numerous common feature this problem has in both cases – same-sex partners always face higher risk of violence and greater challenges in case of victimization. This unfavorable tendency is supported by the long-existing traditions and perceptions of intimate relationships accepted in our society, for they still persist regardless of the propaganda of tolerance.
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The current economic crisis, climatic changes as well as social disruptions are produced by the failure of the mankind to abandon the path of industrial development and correctly acknowledge all negative consequences that it brings. The current paradigm of life that is being promoted by the industrialized global society is clearly fallacious.
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Additionally, a clear evaluation of one's choice of research instrument which is the questionnaire and how one shall use it to address the research question, and a good literature review all of which shall help build a good impression of how career choice, work, and employment are related to gender, parenthood and other social factors are given.
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Divorce is one of the most perplexing and frustrating experience. The social causes and conditions that ultimately yield to one can be traumatizing. An explicit study of historical patterns and the developments in the wake of modernization explains the rising cases. The issue appears to have multiple causes those together point towards changing societal trends.
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Really hard work does not necessarily mean that a person will succeed in life nor does it signify failure if a person does work hard but does not succeed. But one has to keep the limitations in mind and then judge accordingly and one should understand that hard work will not necessarily result in success.