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The atypical scenario that effectively illustrates the psychodynamic theory of personality development is the case of neurotic parents that are inconsistent, cold, angry, inconsiderate, thereby creating an unpredictable and hostile environment for the infant (Kim, Cicchetti, Rogosch & Manly, 2009; Johnson, Liu & Cohen, 2011).
havioral capability is the person’s ability to act based on given knowledge and skills and how they learn from the consequences of their own behaviors. Observational learning meant learning by observing how others behave through “modeling” and imitate desirable acts to be
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Torture is defined as “the intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions”.
The absorption rates of the drug also depend on the mode of administration. When consumed orally, the absorption rate is very slow. However, when smoked, the rate of absorption is slightly higher (von Sydow, Lieb, Pfister, Hofler, & Wittchen, 2002). While in the body, cannabis slows down the rate of metabolism in the liver.
Agoraphobia is typically a highly incapacitating disorder that is characterized by fear of ‘open spaces.’ This disorder affects a substantial percentage of people in a given population. Normally, Agoraphobia disorder begins with spontaneous attacks of panic, followed by a development of anticipatory avoidance and anxiety behavior.
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Suicide relates to the act of someone ending his life by either hanging or poisoning himself or herself. Depression is primarily the motivating factor for suicide. Depression denotes mood disturbances characterized by feelings of discouragement, sadness, and despair that result from some personal tragedy or loss (Randall et al., 2014). Thus, depression may also refer to mood disorder.
Additionally, I have learnt that ethical decisions should always safeguard the dignity of humanity.
I believe we used Mumford’s Seven strategies in this case
Human beings can use language as a means of passing educative information to the upcoming generations. The newer generations are introduced to the different concepts and aspects of humanity. The learning that is brought about through language ensures the continuity of the norms and deeds that the human generation has already learned and adopted.
In other words, it is a unique fruit of our perceptions absorbing a unique set of opinions about the world: the beliefs about nature, religion, the meaning of life, other people, and one’s place in this world are so different and merge in different combinations. The worldview is a reflection of one’s unique self.
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Studying is the method of sourcing information from different sources, learning, and retaining them in mind for use either in class or research work. How to study is a question that seeks to know the best methods used by learners to source and retain information.
Because of erroneous convictions, many honest and law-abiding citizens have been charged and convicted for crimes they have not committed. This has presented a moral dilemma for capital punishment and even life imprisonment. Although many prisoners’ claims of innocence are not exactly true, some of them are.
The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis (HPA) is a complex feedback response system that involves the three glands (hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal) which are part of the neuroendocrine system that controls and regulates stress reaction in the body. They do this mainly because they are in control of the mood and emotions of the individual and other bodily processes that are bound to cause stress like digestion and the immune system.
Throughout the chapter, Hyde successfully presents a critical but interesting argument on a number of related topics such as psycho-physiological developmental processes and intimate relationships. Additionally
The author states that the concept combines Buddhist teachings in psychotherapy to help a client discover the intrinsic healing power that helps them to accept themselves in their present condition, thus liberating them from unnecessary suffering. The concept is seen as a critic of modern/ western psychotherapy.
It explains the essence of leadership better because of its constituents. These constituents comprise of listening keenly to the needs of the followers and attend to
The notion is not appropriate for the cohesiveness in the society were members of the society set blames on each other. For this case, parents must accept the sexuality of their teenage children and learn ways of teaching them on the same rather than blaming the same of teenage children from other families thereby leading to discrimination.
Understanding major subtopics and ideas in writing relate to comprehension reading skills that students must spot to the main idea to summarize ideas. A well-organized and developed writing should be given to students to help them in evaluation before writing. In the fifth grade, learning correct spelling and grammar plays a major role in writing.
In a difficult life situation, many people become cold, closed, and hostile in their attitude to others. After that, even if the problematic status passed, this defensive reaction remained, and openness, softness, and kindness became dangerous. A person thinks if he/she becomes open and kind, people will treat it as a sign of weakness.
Some people with SAD benefit from antidepressant treatment, especially if symptoms are severe. An extended-release version of the antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin XL, Aplenzin) may help prevent depressive episodes in people with a history of SAD. Other antidepressants also may commonly be used to treat SAD.
Globalization has led to the integration and sharing of ideologies. It has led to economic and political successes in most countries. There are negative impacts that have been caused by the entry of other forces such as insecurity and environmental pollution. Jihad, on the other hand, has led to strong cultural and religious ties among communities.
Most of the researchers start with the thought that these differences are clear; however, in many cases, their results are inconsistent to state that the differences in thinking between males and females are vital. Lack of clarity in this sphere of scientific interest gives birth to numerous stereotypes related to male and female thinking processes.
If a woman had had all these features, she would have been happy and have power, and it didn’t matter, whether she was famous or not, whether she had some attainments. However,
Gender and transsexualism lie under the gender identity disorder in the DSM-IV and DSM-5 (Nussbaum 12). The disorder is present mainly from childhood as informed by the video, but does not become strong until the age of 10 in some cases and most cases during puberty. In this disorder, someone gets fully uncomfortable with their gender.
If some aspects of Katie’s life change, it will also be imperative to change how the counselling approach will be considered and done. The reason why this is important is that such changes may influence her personality and even behaviour. This will, in turn, affect the career she may be interested in.
The issue of brain differences between males and females has been debated for a long time. In the past, people were made to believe that the style of bringing up a kid was the main cause of the different ways a male and females react and use their brains. This has made scientists identify if the assumption is justified or if the male brain is structured differently from the female brain.
For instance, these children exhibited difficulties in functioning and in academics. Alternatively, Sun & Li (2001) further suggest that parental divorce had
An article on Sky News, one of the leading media stations in the United Kingdom had an article of news on the number of students caught with weapons in school. The article was speaking about the number of students who were caught with guns on the premises of the school. In this article, more than 900 students were caught with weapons.
The author carried out an experiment to support the theory and the test included children between the age of three and five years from the southwestern side of the US. The first test included three female figures and the difference between them was that one was thin while the other one was average and the last one was fat.
One of the most recurrent problems in rural mental health care is that of isolation. Isolation prevails both culturally and geographically. In recent times a lot of initiative is taken up by the government and other organizations to fight the evils of isolation: Participation and association help to fight the problems of isolation.
The use of Likert scale response questions makes it easier for the respondents to answer the questions in addition to improving the questionnaire response rate. The use of Likert scale response questions makes it easier for the respondents to answer the questions in addition to improving the questionnaire response rate (Crotty 1998).
It compares and contrasts the perspectives of John Dewey, Thomas Kuhn and Karl Popper.
Strictly speaking, functionalism, as such, is not a new philosophy. Its evolution was largely as a critique of structuralism which sought to
Cultures are still very conservative and expect conformity to traditional values that the sanctity of heterosexual marriage is the only one acknowledged to be preserved. Western cultures, on the other hand, have increasingly supported movements that encourage the legalization of same-sex unions either through marriage, civil unions, or domestic partnerships.
There are several theories which have been used to explain the reason for the above to happen. One of the theories discussed in relation to discrimination is the social learning theory which says
Socialization is the process by which an individual is provided with the skills, norms, and beliefs that are part of his or her community, thus enabling cultural continuity. Gender beliefs and behaviors are the convictions held on the different genders and their expected behaviors in accordance with their society or culture.
The drugs such as Prozac and Zoloft are called Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or simply SSRIs. These drugs target the serotonin transporter present at the neuronal junctions or synapses. The function of these transporters is to reuptake the serotonin that was released as a result of neural depolarization.
am a student of BSc. (Hons) in psychology with plans to further my education by taking a master's in psychology. I aim to become a psychologist in the future. Psychology concerns the study of behavior and mind and concerns the understanding of motivations, feelings, and thoughts that underpin behavior (French, 2010).
This refers to the ideas about love put forward by Greek philosophers such as Socrates and Plato. They posited that while there were different kinds of love, they were also reflections of something more transcendent and divine. Sigmund Freud and Arthur Schopenhauer put forward a somewhat more reductionist explanation for love.
The learner excels by observing a model perform by specking out aloud which helps the learner to imitate it later and use it for self-direction. According to Schunck and Cox (1986),
The first assessment was based on Roe’s theory, Vocational Interest Inventory. Roe’s theory is psychoanalytic and is based on attachment history influences and
On the other hand, society poverty and economic status have influenced the greater rise of crime in the society. Psychological theory presents a number of correlations between the crime and individual character, social factors, perception and development factors that associate with causes of crime.
Stereotypes are characteristics that society instinctively attributes to groups of people to classify them according to age, weight, occupation, skin colour, gender, etc. Sexual stereotyping involves associating girls and boys with separate and, at times, opposing sets of characteristics.
Psychology researchers Crisp and Turner argue that diversity is a defining feature of contemporary society. At the same time, there is still a significant discussion over the advantages of diversity. Crisp and Turner contend that one can observe optimistic mental and social outcomes, just when one undergoes behavioral and cultural diversity.
The relationship between the illness support and the parental support, the frequency of illness, the perceived stress and the illness attitudes serve to determine the recovery from the stress levels a person is facing. The willingness to seek help from a physician is correlated to both forms of social support and the illness attitudes (Miller et al. 2004).
Different manifestations of family violence are under the constant attention of specialists and researchers, aimed at forming a profound understanding of various implications of these issues, such as risk factors, consequences, and others. The main goal is to decide upon the effective measures to be taken to reduce the prevalence of cases and offer victims appropriate treatment.
Other forms of researchers continue to underscore the relevance involved in the deconstruction of the ways specifying distinct interpersonal relations (Almeida, Johnson, and Azrael 56). For instance, there is an advocacy effort for the identification of contributions between social connectedness and close connections for significant others
Throughout the history of the psychological knowledge there were a great number of attempts to connect to the physiological changes in the body with certain emotions. There exist a lot of psychological theories of emotions based on different grounds for example
The author says that one of the most vital contribution made by Erickson to the theory of development is his emphasis on the relationship the entire society and the interpersonal experience has to the unfolding of an individual’s personality. Every stage in the Erickson theory posits of psychosocial development with a clear conflict.
Some may try to justify these punishments claiming that they fit the crime committed while others may disagree and term them as barbaric means of punishment. One of these means of punishment that are rather extreme is the death row sentence, which may lead to death through hanging or lethal injection.
Erikson's theory is based on what he calls the epigenetic principle, encompassing the notion that we develop through an unfolding of our personality in predetermined stages and that our environment and surrounding culture influence how we progress through these stages.
The fundamental assumption of social cognition research is that man’s behavior is shaped by his internal representations of other people and how he perceives the social situations. The aim of social cognition is to study the specific aspects that create the mental structure and the process that leads to actions.