Person Centered Approaches: Nursing- Learning Disability - Essay Example

Person Centred Approaches (Nursing-Learning Disability) Bio-Psycho-Social Assessment The bio-psycho-social assessment refers to a series of questionthat is asked to the patients about different biological along with social issues and psychological ailments that they face in their daily life. This assessment is quite crucial for complying with diverse healthcare needs. This evaluation factor even acts as a clinical synthesis for developing effective care giving process for the patients (Munson & Vogelsang, 2013). In relation to the case provided, Mary has been whole and hearty all through her life and remained effectively socialising even at the age of 65 years. In terms of social aspects, Mary has been leading an active life by going out on shopping trips and taking walks in the park. Moreover, she enjoyed collecting seashells and likewise, desired to decorate objects with those. Mary was even fond of hearing music and singing. However, the stroke, which she suffered, left her in the state of immobility. Prior to the stroke, Mary was able to communicate verbally with others and thus, enjoyed signing along to her CDs. After the stroke, Mary failed to communicate effectively and her left side of the body was consequently paralysed. In general, stroke is regarded as an unexpected attack in brain, caused at the time when blood flow gets interrupted in a human body to be reached into brain (WebMD, LLC, 2014). In addition, Mary became prone to the episodes of coughing. On certain occasions, she also became quite much reluctant towards eating as well as drinking. Thus, it is obvious that the above stated complications have been affecting the health conditions of Mary that restricting her to conduct daily activities smoothly. These complications can be managed in the form of adopting varied measures that may comprise taking medicines within due time, making Mary to take lesser pressure in brain as she already went through stroke and taking initiatives from preventing another stroke. From a theoretical perspective, it can be affirmed that the adoption as well as the execution of the above stated assessment may aid in providing effective care to Mary despite possessing adverse health conditions through various ways. These ways generally include determining the level of social interactions made by Mary, identifying the psychological functions that perform by Mary and most vitally making viable biological assumptions among others (Munson & Vogelsang, 2013). Confidentiality and Consent Gained Gaining confidentiality and developing researches based on informed consent are the prime needs for an effective nursing practice. This eventually helps in enhancing the level of confidence of the patients towards the caregivers and making the treatment procedure more independent and most vitally effective (Newson, 2008). In relation to the provided case scenario, this confidentiality has been duly maintained by effectively adhering to the different requirements of Mary. It can be affirmed that lack of disclosure may effectively maintain confidentiality and thus develop the transparency of the report by a considerable extent (Couper & Singer, 2009). Including the Patients in the Study The factor of including patients in a study generally enhances its standard and also creates better opportunity towards enhancing the quality of care giving approaches. The patients are the only source who if effectively asked can communicate about their ailments to the respective care providers. In relation to the case study provided, it can be affirmed that Mary lost all her communicating abilities both verbal as well as written. Thus, it became much difficult to understand the different bio-psycho-social needs of Mary. The only consent that could be observed from Mary was through gestures. Thus, in this regard, the Roper-Logan-Tierney model has been taken into concern for understanding the different biological, psychological as well as social needs of the patients such as Mary as per the provided case (Mencap, 2011). Roper-Logan-Tierney The Roper-Logan-Tierney helps in developing a better aptitude and understanding towards different physical, physiological and social needs of the patients. This is even likely to develop a better understanding and meeting the different needs of the patients in the form of providing effective care to them (Linsley et al., 2011). With regards to the case provided, it can be affirmed that the assessment could be developed by taking into concern varied different assumptions that were visible while examining Mary. Since, Mary could not respond about her basic ailments, the only resource of collecting the data was using the different visual signs that reflect her situation of suffering (Linsley et al., 2011). This state has certainly left Mary with immense mental distress. The lack of proper ability to speak has even created massive frustration, which in turn affected the developmental pace of Mary at large. The stress, which Mary faced due to lack of speaking, was often expressed through her loud vocalisation. This was even noted that her restriction in movement and stagnation of her life led to mental distress, which affected the execution of the medication practices implied for making greater health development. The other components that must be examined for providing effective care to Mary include determining the exact level of deterioration in her health conditions and also the distinct medication, which the doctors have been using for recovering her present critical health state. The different other physical ailments that she developed were went unnoticed. The other ailments that are likely to occur in later days, which may affect her health, must be communicated. The stagnation of her movement is likely to create a positive development of other diseases that may affect her health conditions (Munson & Vogelsang, 2013). The relevant data should be collected in order to attain a detailed idea about the different ailments that Mary have been suffering and develop a better understanding of every possible care that could be provided. The assessment of physical and psychological conditions of Mary would certainly form a transparent system. Thus, creates a better understanding of the possible needs of healthcare that may develop her present healthcare conditions (Hughes, 2008). Out of the total 12 living activities, the following 9 actions could be related with the case scenario provided: Maintaining Safe Environment Mary was immobile on her right side and could not carry on her daily works in an effective manner. There was a personal care nurse taking care of her needs. She even requires assistance for conducting normal operations (Rich & Lecturer, 2006). Communication Mary has lost her ability to communicate verbally post her stroke. She could only communicate through gestures and at times, endeavour to depict her frustration through loud vocalisation (Rich & Lecturer, 2006). Breathing Breathing can be recorded as quite normal and calm for Mary as per the case scenario provided. However, while consuming foods, Mary recorded instances of cough, raising breathing (Wallace & Davies, 2009). Eating and Drinking Mary is completely dependent on her attendant for drinking and eating. She is even reluctant to have food and drinks. Mary was even diabetic and thus, her food habits need to be monitored properly. Based on the case study provided, it can be ascertained that diabetes for Mary can be both tablet and diet controlled. Theoretically, diabetes is recognised as a metabolic disease, which results in augmenting glucose levels in blood. Its importance on medication and lifestyle can be determined as necessitating the formation of self-management towards controlling long-term conditions (Diabetes UK, 2009). In relation to the case study provided, it can be identified that Mary has been suffering with diabetes, affecting her social life by a greater level in the form of raising body weight and increased level of fatigue among others. Though Mary’s diabetes is tablet as well as diet controlled, the implications of the disease could be managed by in-taking medicines within due time and taking best care of diets. Furthermore, Mary has even recorded severe instances of woofing and coughing while having her food. The lack of interest of food consumption has left Mary with a continuous loss of weight that might have further affected her immune system largely (Wallace & Davies, 2009). Elimination Mary has been incontinent about her bowels and urination. Hence, continence aids were used to prevent her from facing any inconvenience. This inconsistency has certainly made Mary frustrated to such an extent that she has even denied the consumption of foods and drinks (Rich & Lecturer, 2006). Personal Cleansing and Dressing The personal care personnel takes effective care of her personal needs, as she is incapable of taking the same. She even needs assistance to maintain her hygiene level (Wallace & Davies, 2009). Mobilising Mary is immobile and needs assistance as well as aids for moving around. She is presently on wheelchair, which helps her to move. She is either always lying or sitting, which has been affecting her sacrum area and thus, patches can be noted on her skin (Wallace & Davies, 2009). This can be managed by making Mary to put into practice of walking and interacting daily rather than making her to sleep and sit in the same place on a continuous basis. Working and Playing Owing to the fact that Mary is not able to move around without assistance, her working and playing abilities were not possible at all. Mary was active before here stroke, hence the changed situation of her life style certainly affected her social life and also made her terribly discontent as well as distressed (Rich & Lecturer, 2006). Dying The patient i.e. Mary cannot presently communicate verbally. However, her approach towards lifestyle reflects on her lack of interest in leading life in a better manner (Rich & Lecturer, 2006). Care Plan Developing a care plan for older adults than younger adults are more challenging, as the older adults are vulnerable than the young adults in terms of developing chronic diseases. This is because of the different constraints that the older adults have in respect of their immune system and diminished sensory awareness (Evans & Ness, 2014). It can be apparently observed that Mary was highly distressed, as she had to leave her previous lifestyle due to the recent disability, which was facing by her due to stroke. Mary was highly dependent on her attendant for taking care of her domestic activities. The inconsistency Mary was facing to carry out her daily activities is affecting her interest to eat. This might further affect her present health conditions and thus create an ineffectiveness of her medication for development. This lack of proper internal support is affecting her mental state and developing a backlog for the practitioners to implement effective plans (Hutton, 2008). In relation to the above context, the present health condition of Mary could be enhanced through proper mental support. This support would certainly enhance the effectiveness of the plans and develop a proper care for Mary. The change in the lifestyle of Mary made her to feel socially isolated, which is also one of the causes of affecting her health conditions and deteriorating biological needs (Firth & Barber, 2011). The undignified social life that Mary was presently leading even affected her state of mind and further hampered health conditions (Hewett, 2011). This isolation is affecting her mental state and in turn creating a negative impact on her health. Before applying any type of medication, the mental health of Mary must be developed. This is likely to provide a positive support for the development of Mary physically (Fiske et al., 2010). One of the finest developments in her physical state could be brought only by aligning her present life with her previous lifestyle to the maximum extent. Thus, to enhance her state of health and mental conditions, efficient handling of the different psychological stress that Mary has been undergoing should be taken into concern. Specially mentioning, in order to develop her present health conditions in a positive manner, the patient should be provided with effective mental support parallel to effective physical support. To develop a future care plan, she should be provided with proper psychological support followed by proper food supplements as well as proper physiotherapy. Moreover, the family members of Mary must pay utmost attention in developing her moral support, resulting in enhancing present conditions and make her to feel less communally isolated (Gates & Mafuba, 2014). Rationale The lack of urge of Mary to lead a better and healthy life can be duly considered as one of the prime factors behind imposing negative impact on the development of her physical health. By providing Mary with her requirements would certainly enhance her interest in leading an effective life (Vincent, 2011). The underlying principle of developing this care could be duly justified from Orlando’s need based theory. The different needs of Mary, both physical and mental, will increase the effectiveness of the treatment procedures to be followed in the context of developing her adverse health conditions. By meeting the psychological needs of Mary, her interest towards leading life smoothly could be developed by a considerable extent (Couper & Singer, 2009). Evidence Base It can be apparently observed that at different societal settings, the disability prevailing amongst the older people is observed to be quite common. The situation of severe distress and depression is often noted to be followed by strokes or cerebral attacks. This situation eventually leads towards the development of certain disabilities amongst the older adults. According to the report published by the British Society of Audiology (2012), it can be ascertained that development of mental health of adults is going to increase their interests towards leading life smoothly. It is worth mentioning in this similar context that the development of mental states of the older adults effectively develop their physical health and thus often have to face lower level of primary care and medication. With effective management of mental needs of Marys, the psychologists can effectively promote the enhancement of their physical health (Michael, 2008). According to Abas et al. (2009), the different approaches of effective care should aim at developing different healthcare needs of the patients that would enhance the quality of care by a considerable extent. In relation to the provided case, it can be stated that the changed state of Mary has certainly led towards deteriorating her mental condition, which in turn, restricted towards making greater development in health settings. Thus, with this concern, it is quite clear that the different approaches of medication provided to Mary proved to be ineffective (Munson & Vogelsang, 2013). This even highlighted the changed syndrome and thus affected her cognitive development. There have been several situations, wherein the disability amongst the older adults has affected the cognitive development of the patients (Hert et al., 2011). Evaluating the Care Plan Mansell (2010) commented that the adults having multiple and profound disability often fails to develop their respective level of competencies and acceptance. The diverse sorts of disabilities prevalent within the adults eventually create hindrance in complying with the diverse needs of their domestic life. This can only be rectified by providing effective support both mental as well as physical. The support would efficiently make them feel less isolated due to any uncertain circumstance. According to Lacey & Oyvry (2013), the complex needs of the patients must be met duly so that effective care could be provided. This effective care can be provided through a proper understanding of the psychological needs of the patients and develop a better understanding towards meeting their diverse needs. This collaborative understanding of the needs of the patients would certainly enhance the approach of care giving to the patients in a better manner (Wilson-Stronk et al., 2008). Based on the case provided, it can be apparently noted that the patient i.e. Mary was feeling quite isolated and suffered from severe mental distress. This distress could be effectively rectified through the use of the different integrated programs that would be effectively develop her mental state and likewise enhance her present health conditions. By recalling and sharing memories, family members can provide effective support to patients like Mary and thus develop an efficient care for them. The psychological development of Mary in relation to the case provided could be apparently observed to impose positive impact on complying with different physical needs. By providing efficient support to the mental needs of Mary, the development in her physical conditions could be effectively stimulated. This will further develop the different approaches of care and enhance the credibility of care giving. Many theorists in this regard claimed that the development of efficient care could only be triggered by providing psychological support to the patients (Cornwell & Waite, 2009). Other Professionals There exist several numbers of professionals who were related with the development of health conditions of Mary. These professionals included her nurse, therapist as well as personal attendant. However, there were a series of deviation prevalent amongst the approaches of the professionals towards providing effective care to Mary. This even reflected their perceptions towards the health conditions of Mary and the same imposed positive impact on developing an effective plan towards care giving. The variations in the care giving techniques majorly depended on different approaches of the professionals to develop an effective care towards Mary that would enhance the adverse health condition she was presently suffering from. Thus, there were a set of deviation available from the care plan that individual professionals suggested. The following section elaborates on a care plan that was effectively undertaken by a nursing professional based on the review of the health conditions of Mary (British Society of Audiology, 2012). The review of a member of nursing society is mainly determined based on the development of different physiological needs of the patients. These physiological needs are majorly focused on developing the physical health of the patients and delivering effective care to them with the objective of securing their life from a long-term perspective. In terms of offering effective care to the patient i.e. Mary, as per the case provided, the nursing personnel must remain highly focused on maintaining different physical needs of the patients like providing her with food supplements that would develop her health condition and further adhere to her respective needs. Furthermore, the personnel even supported the fact that Mary should be provided with effective physical support to enhance her critical health conditions (Grant et al., 2010; Nyman, 2010). By applying different medication that may enhance the fragile conditions of Mary and provide efficient support towards developing her adverse health conditions, the practitioners should majorly focus on meeting her physiological needs. To provide Mary with effective support, the nursing practitioners may even suggest intravenous food supplement that may prevent her physical state from deteriorating (Shield, 2006). Additionally, to prevent from situations of chemical imbalances, several other medications can also be suggested. This development was likely to provide her with external aid, however, the mental agony Mary was facing could not be rectified (Munson & Vogelsang, 2013). Conversely, Aacharya et al. (2011) supports the ethical decision making to develop the condition of the patients who are undergoing with severe mental agony owing to isolation. To accelerate the limbs of Mary, the practitioners may even suggest that she must be provided a psychotherapy that would enhance the movement of her limbs and enhance her quality of health. To develop her fragile state, Mary should be fed in a different manner, so that her state of health develops and effects of medications approve to be positive. By developing her general health, the different needs of Mary could be effectively met and developed. This would certainly enhance the internal support of Mary and develop her crucial health conditions. By implementing different medication facilities, Mary could be provided with efficient support to create a positive improvement from her present state (Thibaut et al., 2013). Specially mentioning, once the patient i.e. Mary becomes physically developed, her mental needs could be efficiently met. Mary must be provided with family support and involvement to develop her interests in leading a healthy life. The different physiological supports would enhance her life expectancy and further develop her condition. The physical condition must be developed before meeting her psychological needs. Contradicting, the above plan it is to be noted that several theorists are of the opinion that physical health could only be developed with the use of providing the patients with effective mental fitness. Baillie & Black (2014) in this regard stated that people having severe amount of learning and other disabilities often experience high level of mental stress, which leads towards lack of interest towards developing their state of health. This blockage in the mental health could only be rectified in the form of providing efficient mental support (Baillie & Black, 2014). Instead of providing rigorous medications, specific treatment should also be provided with different therapeutic interventions. These therapeutic interventions generally involve the use of the counselling sessions, integrated programs and other psychological treatments. It is even noted that the different therapeutic treatments have been effectively developing the mental state of the disabled patients and enhancing the approaches of providing quality care. With the changing needs of the patients, the mental as well as cognitive development could be assured. The development of the mental state would also enhance the acceptance of the patients towards developing their respective adverse physical state. Gaining the confidence of Mary that she could develop her present state would increase her acceptance towards the care being provided to her. This will further enhance the credibility of different practices from a long-term perspective (Linsley et al., 2011). Reflective Conclusion The review of Mary’s bio-psycho-social assessment would certainly develop a clear picture of the different distress levels that Mary has been undergoing. I have reviewed the different physical and psychological state that Mary has been undergoing in recent past. Accordingly, I could notice that Mary has been facing huge mental stress due to her sudden disability. Withdrawal from her previous lifestyle has been affecting her terribly and stagnation also left her completely dismayed. This lack of proper movement and the complete supportive lifestyle has left her under a mental agony that has been slowly developing and formed high level of mental stress for Mary. This is even going to affect the different psychological development that Mary has been undergoing and several amount of stress that is leading to severe situations. The different bio-psycho-social developments have been affecting the continued health and development of the person and the person has been facing a negative impact on her physical development. The support that Mary should be receiving from the different family members is to be properly assessed and accordingly developed so that the proper care could be implicated and efficient care could be provided. The support from the family members will enhance the confidence level of the patients and even prevent them from feeling isolated from society. In support of my findings, different authors and theorists have been efficiently supporting the development of therapeutic interventions in order to accelerate better growth in the conditions of the patients. The therapeutic interventions involve support of the family members and develop a better approach towards providing efficient care to the patients. The efficient support of the family members would certainly enhance the level of care and further develop the condition of the patients. According to my understanding, the different care giving agencies must adopt as well as execute person centred approaches that would enhance the quality of care. The review of physical as well as the mental state of the patient i.e. of Mary has effectively provided me with an insight of meeting her diverse needs. The mental agony that Mary has been undergoing can be mainly because of her changed lifestyle and deteriorated physical conditions. The lack of proper acceptance towards changed lifestyle and degraded standard of life has certainly made her mentally weak and affected her support towards the development. I would also like to elaborate on the needs of the mental support. 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