Person Centred Planning - Essay Example

Personal Centred Planning PERSON CENTRED PLANNING This essay is a discussion of Person Centred Planning, which is also abbreviatedas (PCP). I will discuss the origin of Person Centred Planning, the legislation, together with what Person Centred Planning means and what is involved. I will include the individual tools and how they are specifically applied. I will focus on Personal Centred Planning and explain why I used this tool. I will briefly touch on the Data Protection Act, to protect the personal identity of my focus person used as my model. Finally, I will provide my evaluation on Person Centred Planning in general and the specific tool that I used for my focus person. Person Centred Planning is a model applied to help individuals with disabilities gain self-determination, which will bring them on the verge of improving their lives and becoming independent. Person Centred Planning originated from the work of Dr. Carl Rogers in the 1950s, a humanistic psychologist, who pioneered the practice of person-centred counselling. Its origin is also derived from the Phenomenological approach in personality psychology. Rogers as a psychologist strived to change the conformity regarding the relationship between a doctor and his patient. In essence, he introduced the word client to be used when referring to a patient. He had this idea since he saw the patient as an individual (Greene, 2008). During the 1950s and 1960s, there were a number of incidents that questioned the quality of care for people with learning disabilities such as poor living conditions and physical care. The Howe Committee, the first modern NHS, was commissioned in 1967 to investigate the allegation of abuse and ill treatment of vulnerable long stay patients in Ely Hospital. The enquiry into events occurring at Ely Hospital in 1969 found that lack of patient privacy and custodial attitude towards patients were part of patient abuse (HMSO, 1969). In 1971, the policy of, “White Paper Better Services for the Mentally Handicapped” was developed (Department of Health, 1971). The policy had the objectives of; increasing the provision of local authority-based residential and day-care, advocating a 50% reduction in hospital places by 1991, it also called for an end to custodial methods of care in hospitals and recommended the re-training of hospital staff. This White Paper further targeted shifting the balance of care settings from hospital to community, noting deficiencies in the current system and identifying models for daytime activities (Department of Health, 1971). A key legislative development that were important influencers of service development included the Jay report (HMSO, 1979). The Jay report re-emphasised the need for local authority-led care and, importantly, a service philosophy based on the principles of normalisation. Normalisation reinforces the idea that people with disabilities should live in ordinary places, do ordinary things, experiencing a normal pattern of everyday life, offering them the same conditions as are offered to other citizens. It involves recreation and freedom of choice. “Rather than an emphasis on protection”, as suggested by Bank- Mikkelsen (Mikkelsen, 1976). The principle was developed during the seventies. Within the services, there are five recognised service accomplishments, these being, Community Presence, Choice, Competence, Respect, and Community Participation (OBrien and Tyne, 1981). The 1990 NHS & Community Care Act sealed the legislative developments that shaped the new era of community. The White Paper, “Valuing people”: A New Strategy for Learning Disability for the 21stCentury (Department of Health 2001). It had four key principles: rights, independence, choice and inclusion. This led to the adoption of Person-Centred Planning by all local authorities. The legislation in place to support the White Paper are; the Community Care Act (1990), the Disability Discrimination Act (2005) and the Human Rights Act (1998). Person Centred Planning started in the 1980s and was developed by John OBrien, Beth Mount, Jack Pearpoint, Marsha Forest and Michael Small. Through Person Centred Planning, individuals are thought of in terms of is a way of their strengths, interests, hopes, dreams, and desires. Person Centred Planning is greatly focused on thinking and processes, not just a set of tools (Kendrick, 2000). This process has made it possible for people to move out of institutions onto mainstream life. Person Centred Planning has 5 key features: The person is at the centre, surrounded by family and friends who act as partners in the planning process. The plan features what the individual see as important presently and in the future, their capabilities and required assistance. The plan helps build the persons place in the community and vice versa establish how the community will receive them back. The plan is wide in that it is not limited to services; it reflects possibility, not only availability. Through the plan processes like listening, learning and further action are always ongoing. The executed plan results in an individual achieving their stated goals in life (Sanderson, 2000). The McGill Action Planning System (MAPS) are tools designed to help organisations, individuals, and families to figure out how to move into the future creatively and effectively. The tool in most instances is applied in meetings, attended by the person and close partners, which last about 2-3 hours with the person and those close to her. It is very important that there be two facilitators, one to guide the process and the second to record it graphically. The Maps process has eight stages. Step one, What is a MAPS?. Step two, What is the history?. Step three, What are your dreams?. Step four, What are your nightmares?. Step five, Who is the person?. Step six, What are their gifts, strengths and talents?. Step seven, What does the person need (to achieve the dream and avoid the nightmare)?. Step eight, Action plan (Forest et al 1998). The MAPS process provides for expressing the future in terms of hopes and fears, in the dreaming section, and in the nightmares section respectively. The whole plan is based on focusing on the dream and avoiding nightmares (Sanderson, 2000). I did not use MAPS; I focused strongly on a desirable future or dream, which was not suitable for my focus person. Planning Alternative Tomorrows with Hope (PATH), works through the planning process in a somewhat backward manner, it focuses first on the dream and then works back from the actions required along the way (Forest et al 1998). A PATH can only take place in a meeting, and it depends on the momentum captured by a group of committee people. The meeting is facilitated by two people. The graphic Facilitator keeps a graphic record of the meeting which is owned by the person. The other individual referred to as Process Facilitator, is charged with managing the process through conversations with the focus person together with other individuals in the meeting. PATH is a great tool to use when people have a problem to solve. It enables people to take control of the situation and acquire the resources they need (Sanderson, 2000). Personal Futures Planning (PFP) developed by Beth Mount and John OBrien is a planning process that involves, getting acutance with an individual and her current life, and developing ideas regarding the individual’s interests in the future. Thereafter, actions are taken to move towards the interests, which involve exploring possibilities within the community and looking at the services that require changes (Mount, 1992). My work only revolves around the service user on a short term basis; we dont need to follow it through, outside of our working environment. As a result, I did not use this tool with my focus person. Personal Futures Planning (PFP) provides a detailed plan on what a person requires on a daily basis. Person Centred Thinking tools assist people in listening and learning the essential matters regarding people, and afterwards actions are created, which ensure that these things become reality. Person Centred Thinking Tools are on page plans developed by thinking about what is important to somebody and give them the support they need. There are over 30 different tools. Here, are a few: 4+1 questions, decision making agreements, matching staff relationship circle, sorting important to/for and the doughnut sort (Smull, 2002). Personal Centred Planning is a tool which seeks to give back power to individuals with disabilities. The plan calls for these people with disabilities to be in the forefront guiding the process, which will ultimately result in their lives’ improvement. Their self determination, in the end results in their inclusion back to the society. The plan also involves instilling the mentality of eradication devaluation in these individuals (Greene, 2008). Contrary to Personal Centred Planning, Essential Lifestyle Planning is a tool that looks at an individual’s life now and how it can be improved. This tool was developed by Michael Smull and Susan Burke Harrison, and it is a very detailed planning style. The plan provides a valuable safeguard, which an individual applies when moving from one different setting to another, it shows that things happening in life can be tolerable. The tool further specifies on how support is to be given to a person from day to day, and it is helpful when a member of staff needs to work consistency or when the family or the person herself is not able to give explicit direction. This is a way of making sure that a person is heard, despite the extent of the individual’s disability. Essential lifestyle plans are ultimately established through a process of listening, learning and acting. They are very detailed, and focus on the persons life and quality-what are important to them. Essential Lifestyle Planning (ELP) was developed by Michael Smull and Susan Burke-Harrison in the late 1980s to help people move from long stay institutions, which were closing. Michael Smull stated “Discover what is important to a person in everyday life; and what is important for a person in order for them to stay healthy and safe” (Smull, 2002). In the 1990s, Essential Lifestyle Planning was used in the community. ELP is also centred on describing what has been learnt in order for the partners to readily assist the individual easily. ELP has four sections; the main aim is to discover what is important for the person in everyday life and what is important to keep them safe. Essential Lifestyle Planning can also be used to learn how a person wants to live and make a plan of bringing that wish into reality. However, I applied Personal Centred Planning as a tool for my focus person because it was appropriate to her condition. Mrs X is in a stage, which can be termed as the end of life care. It is very important that whatever care she wishes, is provided on a day to day basis, with the involvement of her family and health professionals. Mrs X was aware of her condition; it was explained to her by the Doctor, a palliative nurse specialist, in the presence of her family. During her stay on the ward, I was allocated the task of looking after her. As a result, I came to know her very well. I asked permission from Mrs X as well as her family if I could use her history in my essay they all agreed. I maintained confidentiality of all her medical records, which were documented in the medical notes (NMC, 2009). CONCLUSION Person-Centred Planning is a tool, which categorically focuses on listening, learning and improving the lives of persons with disabilities. Through the process, the important aspects of these individuals’ lives are capitalized on with the objective of making their lives in future better. The process also has the goal of integrating these people back to their families and communities. Personal Centred Planning can be used to think about the person’s life now and what needs to stay the same, and what needs to change. PATH, MAPS and Personal Futures Planning, are all tools which focus more on the future by looking at the person’s dreams. These tools are referred to as futures planning tools. In using person centred planning, it gives the person what is important to them, their aspirations and support that they require. I learned from Personal Centred Planning that, regardless of severity of the medical condition, people are able to take positive control over their lives as we learn to listen, with the necessary skill and respect, and effective communication, to the person, trust develops. PATHS and MAPS takes too long and need two people this is not possible in my workplace due to the time factor. Personal Centred Planning (PCP) is good for my workplace as it can be achieved by one person. (TOTAL WORD COUNT 2086) References Data Protection Act 1998. The Stationery House. London Department of Health. (1971). White Paper-Better Services For the Mentally Handicapped Forest M, OBrien J, and Pearpoint J. PATH: A workbook for planning positive, possible futures. Toronto: Inclusion Press Greene R, (2008). Human Behaviour Theory & Social Work Practice. London: Transaction Publishers Human Rights Act 1998. London: HMSO. JAY COMMITTEE. (1979). Report of the Committee of Enquiry into mental handicap nursing and care.Cm. 7468. London: HMSO. Kendrick M.J. (2000). When people matter more than system. Paper presented at the Promise of Opportunity. Albany, New York. Mikkelsen B, (1976). Misconceptions on the principle of normalisation, Address to IASSMD Conference, Washington, D.C. Mount B. (1992) “Person Centred Planning-Finding Directions for Change Using Person Centred Planning” Mount, B. Zwernik K. (1998) Its Never Too Early, Its Never Too Late: A Booklet about personal futures planning, Governors planning Council on Developmental Disabilities, St. Paul, Minnesota. Normalisation. The principle of normalisation in human services, Toronto, NIMR, 1972 Nursing & Midwifery Council, (2009). Guidelines for records and record keeping. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council. Nursing & Midwifery Council (2004) The NMC code of conduct: Standards of conduct, performance and ethics. London: Nursing & Midwifery Council. OBrien J, & Lovett H. (1992). Finding a way toward everyday lives:The contribution of person-centred planning. In J. OBrien & C. O. OBrien (Eds.) A Little Book about Person-centred planning. Toronto: Inclusion Press. pp. 113-132. OBrien C.L, OBrien J. (2000). The Origins of Person- Centred Planning: A Community of Practice Perspective. Atlanta: Responsive Systems Associates, Inc. OBrien J. (1987) A guide to life style planning: Using The Activities Catalogue to integrate services and natural support systems. In The Activities Catalogue: An Alternative Curriculum for Youth and Adults with Severe Disabilities, ed. BW Wilcox, GT Bellamy. Baltimore: Paul, H. Brookes. Person Centred Planning Network. What is Planning-The PcP Network [online] Retrieved from: http://www.personcentredplanning.net/What-is-Planning.php. Pearpoint j, Kahn L& Hollands C. Inclusion Press International and The Marsha Forest Centre. Retrieved from: www.inclusion.com Sanderson H. Helen Sanderson Associates [online] Retrieved from: www.helensandersonassociates.co.uk (Accessed 12th June 2011) Sanderson H. (2000) Person Centred Planning: Key Features And Approaches [online] Retrieved from: http://www.nwtd.u-net.com/pcp/docs/HELENSAN.PDF. (Accessed 28th June 2011) Smull M. (2002). Families Planning together: Starting Work on an Essential Lifestyle Retrieved from: http://www.allenshea.com/familyplan.pdf. (Accessed 18th June 2011) Smull M. ( 2002). Listen, Learn, Act. Selected Writings by on Essential Lifestyle Planning, Self-Determination, and Organizational Change. Support Development Associates Read More