Macro & Microeconomics Essays

Having a budget without instituting budgetary controls is useless. Budget controls are necessary to ensure that the company utilizes its finances as planned and to help detect deviations for correction purposes (Wiseman, 2010). Monitoring of a budget is something that is assiduous and must not be ignored at any particular time of the financial year. A budget can also be used in measuring performance by comparing standards to actual.

Globalization has witnessed the inclusion of economic and technological resources to complete the developments witnessed within the society. Economic globalization, conversely, has been presented to complete the adaptations needed to present stable economies.

Within the present theory of democracy, there is an appearing interest in the increasing difference between the goals, purposes, and prejudice of citizens and the decisions of the political system made on their behalf. For lots of scholars, the interests, situations, and actions of politicians are viewed as detached from the beliefs and lives of citizens.

In the early stages of the project confusion and delays are highly likely as the team members do not know each other or understand each other. However, to keep the temporary taskforce welded thereby ensuring the successful delivery of the project, the project manager has to maintain effective communication throughout. 

The development of the oil sector in Saudi Arabia and other oil-producing countries has undergone numerous political and economic changes, which have affected production and the eventual prices of the commodity in the global market. This paper explores Saudi Arabian oil and its impact on the global economy.

The multiplier value 5 in this case means that this is the increase in the money supply which resulted from the increase of total number of dollars held by the people in form of their income and by the change in demand deposits in banks in form of investment.

As the global economic slow began to shed its effect, major economies began to resort on the protectionist measures. Protectionism is not only a problem at the national level, and European Union was inclined to use the policies to regulate certain issues (Ringe and Bernitz, p.

Based on the GDP numbers for the years 2008 and 2009, one learns that “the economy contracted even more sharply than previously thought in the first quarter of 2009: 2.4 per cent compared to the preliminary estimate of a 1.9 per cent contraction.” (Lynch, 2009) The promising rise of industrial production in April 2010 did provide hope for an early recovery.

People started to default, and the society and institutions started to face liquidity issues. Soon with this credit crunch, the debts started to rise and the economy started to experience its effects which included the rising unemployment rates and decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) of US economy.

The music industry is one of the most advanced sectors in numerous fields for the high role that it plays in the life of many. Music has been used ever since age-old times to assist in the expression of emotions that a person may bear. Another role that music has played is in the relaying of information that affects society in a particular manner.

Much of this success did not come on silver platter but the result of prudent economic decisions that are based on the ideologies of industrialization and expansion of infrastructure. Fortunately or unfortunately, industrialization and infrastructural expansion come with their attendant challenges, most of which has to do with environmental degradation and other forms of threats to the environment.

The graphical indicators of the trend have been presented below: Figure 1: Apparent Consumption of Pure Alcohol (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012) The trend depicted above states that the portion of pure alcohol available for the consumption in the form of beer has decreased almost by 50%, i.e.

It is quite essential to state that Apple publishers are one of the largest book publishers in the European Union. Together with other several large book publishing companies, they were hit by the U.S. Department of Federal antitrust lawsuit for purportedly conspiring to fix the prices of the e-books.

He started his revolutionary life early in his career as a journalist where in the early 1840s he had started to write controversial articles in newspapers in Germany. Marx was born at a time when the aristocrats ruled the world and capitalism was deeply rooted in most countries. Laborers were oppressed by working for long hours with little pay.

There is thorough PESTEL analysis of Brazil in the paper. Different macro-environmental factors in Brazil are being analyzed. State of the development of the solar power system in Brazil is also uder consideration. Just like other emerging countries, Brazil also started to look upwards for their energy needs.

 “One of the main positives to come out of a monopolistically competitive market is that in order to be a competitive firm within such a marketplace, a firm's primary goal is to differentiate itself from others in order to gain greater custom than its rival competitors” (Advantages and Disadvantages of Monopolistic Competition, 2013).

European Monetary Union (EMU) was formed with the sole aim of providing financial stability to the member countries. The European Central Bank (ECB) became an integral part of the EMU. The role of monetary policy is to maintain price stability because it is a crucial necessity for the growth of an economy and the welfare of the people.

Borders Group has been a renowned name when it comes to brick and mortar stores in bookstores industry mainly in western countries. With hundreds of bookstores opened worldwide, Borders group had managed to emerge as one of the market leaders in this industry.

Profit maximization is possible by exploiting several opportunities available to the organization. The ability of the management to strategically plan on how to win against its competition best defines the competitive advantage in the industry. Proper strategies implemented according to plan help improve the market share.

An economic decision involves weighing the related costs against benefits. Also, making an economic decision depends on self interest where a person looks for ways of maximizing the utility gotten from the expenses. Money only influences how much one can afford when allocating to different wants.

The WTO has also adopted regulations that promote the protection of intellectual property rights aimed at favoring developed countries. They ban the use of technology by developing countries that have originated from rich countries (Cline 2004). This is despite the willingness of developing countries to pay royalties if need be on such technology.

The company should appoint some skilled technical professionals so that they can employ new cost-saving and efficient means of production (Butje, 2005). The company should also try to introduce environmentally friendly production methods. This can be done by reducing the extent of carbon emissions from the manufacturing plants of the company.

The country is bounded by both land and sea. India is bordered by the Indian Ocean on the south, Bay of Bengal in the south east and Arabian Sea in the south west. The countries also has international borders with Pakistan in the west, China, Bhutan and Nepal in the north east and Myanmar and Bangladesh to the east.

Also, the relation of unemployment to other elements of the economy needs to be made clear. The RBC theory can be used for explaining unemployment in modern market conditions. The advantage of the theory seems to be its reference to technological changes, which the RBC theory regards as critical for macroeconomic fluctuations.

The quantity supplied is the amount of commodity which the sellers are willing to offer to the market at a given price (Wessels 20). In a market economy, the price of the commodity is determined by the forces of supply and demand. According to the law of demand, the higher the price, the lower the quantity demanded hence the price is inversely related to the quantity demanded (Wessels 55).

He is of the opinion that the considerable amount of accommodation which is required for maintaining the funds rate path at zero has been generating vigorous macroeconomic activities which have been jeopardizing the price stability mandate of the Federal Reserve.

The essay seeks to find economic solution to the challenge of unemployment, that countries are facing now in the aftermath of the crisis. Micro and macroeconomics activities demand fiscal support and source their rewards by selling their products and services to the population. The population’s wealth states the success of the economic endeavors.

A number of rationales have been proposed to help address market failures and inefficiencies, especially in the industrial sector of Canada. The industrial development of Ontario is characterized by market failures such as negative externalities, monopolized market powers, agency problems, and information asymmetry.

These goods exhibit certain characteristics that differentiate them from other goods. Economically, merit good differs from other goods in the sense that their benefit is not certain at the time of consumption. Secondly, the benefit derived from the consumption of a merit good is usually greater than can be measured by the marketplace.

The main focus in the paper is on the GDP indicator, that is an aggregate measure of total economic production for a country. GDP represents the market value of all goods and services produced by the economy during the given period. The World Bank has termed GDP as the main criterion for classifying economies.

Dubai’s economic growth in particular and that of the UAE’s in general primarily happened in the past three to four decades which was the reign of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum and his father. Other countries like the US have been fortunate to have a series of good leaders to take the country to the apogee of technological advancement.

Income inequality can mean distributing income to people on the basis of their social class that is the rich earning more than the poor in a society. Income inequality and wealth inequality have been worsening in the US and around the world in the last three decades. Brooking institutions researched and found out that income inequality in the year 2013 was rising to alarming rates and negatively affected US social mobility.

The euro is the official currency of the Eurozone and is used by the majority of countries within the European Union, including France, Germany, and Spain. As the second-largest reserve currency in the world (after the US dollar), it is one of the most important and influential currencies in usage today (Grange, 2002).

Inflation is a situation where the value of the country’s currency goes down leading to an increase in prices of products, increase in bank lending rates and other effects that comes with devaluation of a country’s currency. Hyperinflation is the extreme of inflation. Inflation is common in all economies while hyperinflation rarely occurs.

This was unprecedented because economist believed that the economy was doing a lot better and communicated the same message to the public. Some of the reasons for the lower gross domestic product could be weak business investment, decreased consumer spending, and the reduction of the overall export by the United States.

According to the paper economically speaking, goods and services that exist in monopolistic market structures always have elastic demand against price. Yet goods and services in an oligopoly market structure always have inelastic demand against price. Considering that the oligopoly firms are very large and compete directly with other oligopoly firms, their product and strategy will be almost the same.

Since 1971, Shangri-la hotel became one of the world’s most established luxury hotel brands. As a sign of success, Shangri-La managed to establish a total of 72 world-class hotels not only within the Asia Pacific region but also in the Middle East, North America, and Europe (Kuhm, 2011; Shangri-La, 2013b).

According to Thirlwell, Australia’s desire to reduce the public debt ratio over the business made a very progressive impact in the last two years (Web). It is evident therefore that the Australian government has successfully utilized fiscal policy to alleviate the macroeconomic effects which includes substantial increase in surplus while reducing the government’s debt ratio.

As on July 2012, the population of Pakistan was about 190 million. Pakistan is basically an agricultural economy and its major crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sugar cane, rapeseed, sesame, etc. Pakistan does not have a well-developed industrial sector but some of the important industries are Cotton Textile, Woolen Textile, Cement, Sugar factories, Fertilizers, Leather, and paper industries.

It can be commentated that the firms in the above market are facing cut-throat competition with each other. The six large producers have an equal share of market demand and they have successfully threatened the entry of other firms in the industry. According to the viewpoint of the researcher, the firms in the above market are in an Oligopolistic market structure. In this type of market structure, there are two to ten sellers in the industry.

Macroeconomic Performance of Canada during the Recent Crisis. The global crisis affected all the nations in the world; however, the nature and speed that nations recovered from the same economic effects of the crisis differed significantly. Notably, the macroeconomic performance usually differs remarkable per country and the same may be used to explain the trend through which nations eloped from the 2006 – 2011 global crises.

Several major changes have taken place in the UK economy since 2007. The world was affected by the recession in the year 2007 and this continued for a few good years. The UK economy was severely hit in the year 2007. The housing market completely crashed and several major financial institutions had to be shut down because of liquidity problems.

Immediately after the crisis in East Asia, the international monetary fund assigned the primary responsibility of the crisis to East Asian capitalism, particularly its financial markets. The primary strategy by IMF for the countries hit hardest like Korea, Indonesia and Thailand overhauled the financial system in East Asia (Hopkins 2006, p. 347). 

Housing cannot be regarded as simply a shelter since, for the majority of households, home ownership is a noteworthy form of savings and a means of wealth accumulation and upward social mobility. At the cumulative macroeconomic level, homeownership is a significant form of fixed investment and straightforwardly influences consumption, savings, and combined output over the business cycle.

The research is about economic development in Fort Myer.  Fort Myer has many business opportunities and utilizes macroeconomics. The economy of the region has been increasing from year to year. The tourism industry has promoted the economy of the region. In recommendation, maintenance and repair of the historical building can ensure economic development in the future. 

Guru beliefs, regardless of how they might be distorted from actual reality, create a sort of paradox or absurdity when such a leader compares themselves to other lower-level consultant experts on the team and would therefore negate the psychologically-based need for group harmony. The impact on clients, in this case, would be obvious.

In respect of the facts at hand clearly, there has been no legal easement that has been created, and therefore by way of equitable easement Parminder can argue that there has been an overriding interest which she can enforce against Oscar by way of s.70(1)(a) and if that is not allowed by the courts, since Oscar is the owner. 

Business activities refer to all kinds of activities firms conduct to achieve their purpose. It generates revenue and ensures business continuity. Examples include production, marketing, and sales. The three types of activities are operating, investing, and financing activities.

The effectiveness of using comparative advantage in explaining international trade is limited to some countries. OECD countries may enjoy more comparative advantage in many factors of production such as technology, skilled labor, and capital investment thereby leading to an imbalance of trade with the developing countries.

Entrepreneurship results in the formation of new organizations or the reenergizing of mature organizations, as a response to an emerging opportunity. Entrepreneurship’s most obvious form involves the starting of a new venture, also referred to as a startup company, although, in recent times, entrepreneurship has also been used to refer to political and social entrepreneurial activity.