Macro & Microeconomics Essays

These hazards revolve around chemical exposure, physical accidents and other forms of mechanical hazards. With this in mind, it is important for the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to apply various policies and laws that aim at achieving good health for the employees and ensuring their safety in the workplace at all times.

Terms of trade abbreviated as TOT is defined as the value of exports of a country relative to the value of its imports. It is determined or calculated by dividing the exports value by the imports value and then multiplying the result by 100. When the TOT of a country is below the 100% mark, the value indicates that there is increased capital going out to purchase imports that the capital coming in.

Deficit, Debt and Political Theory of Government Debt Introduction Budget Deficit being highly dangerous vs. Ricardian Equivalence The theory of Ricardian equivalence is a theory of Economics by Robert Barro. The theory states that when a government proposes a tax cut to increase consumer spending, this leads to a higher budget deficit financed by more treasury bonds, which does not lead to much economic growth.

Facebook, which currently has a user base of over a Billion active users, was founded in 2004 by March Zuckerberg (Fowler, 2012). In 2012, the annual revenue of the organization was $5.1 billion and during the initial public offering which took place in the same year, the organization was valued at $104 billion (Sengupta, 2012 ).

Due to inequality in the wages or income of the workers, many people cannot gain all opportunities in life so the overall standard of living in society declines. The other point is about the riskiness of jobs, due to inequality the risk of getting good jobs arises in societies which means the loss of jobs is directly proportional to the cost of health insurance and the loss of home.

Apple is a manufacturer of consumer electronics that is best known for its PDA that goes with the name iPhone. The firm is a leader in its industry and has managed to garner a lot of success in the market. This has been achieved through leading innovation and understanding customer needs even before customers are aware of these needs.

year 2000=100) Year Components Food Beverage and Tobacco Education Recreation and Entertainment Medical care Clothing & Footwear Housing Furniture Rent Electricity, water and fuel Transport and Communication Other product and services 2002 0.100604 0.2 -10.9658 -1.126 -2.0576 -0.801603 0.404448938 2.82542886 2003 0.904523 -0.798403 1.01695 -0.518 -2.1008 -0.30303 -0.50352467 3.72914622 2004 1.195219 -0.301811 0.89485 0.3122 -0.1073 -0.303951 1.012145749 3.2166509 2005 4.035433 -0.100908 0.11086 0.6224 0.42965 0 1.503006012 3.57470211 2006 5.77105 1.313131 0.77519 -0.206 1.06952 1.8292683 1.776900296 10.8849558 2007 10.8229 4.087737 0.32967 1.2397 3.06878 6.3872255 0.387972842 7.74142059 2008

Institution Student Name Date Macro and Microeconomics Introduction Unemployment is a fundamental macroeconomic issue affecting various countries across the world. The most affected countries by unemployment problem are the developing countries but the developed countries like the United States also face a significant aspect of unemployment as an economic problem.

They aim at achieving full employment in the economy concerned. While the Monetary policy is controlled by the Central Bank of a country, the Fiscal Policy is managed by the Government of that country and hence the Central bank of the US, The Federal Reserve Bank must work in tandem with the government to achieve a stable economy.

* 100 = 25% change in demand 0.10/0.50 * 100 = 20% change in price Thus 25/20 = 1.25 1.25 1.2 The 0.50 fare was appropriate since it is the fare that results in the both the transporters and the travellers to enjoy fare revenue and prices respectively. Despite the fact that revenue decreases it is important to note that at higher fares the companies are able to meet their costs.

However, in this paper we are going to focus on the institution of higher learning as a basic business enterprise that note only serves to provide education to the masses but is also out to make to generate income from the variety of services it offers within its line of duty.

Corporate tax protects the integrity of personal income tax and the economic profit tax. According to the United States corporate income tax, the income earned by the United States corporation is subjected to a tax of 35% rate. This is estimated to include $1,000 for the revenues and $800 for the total costs, which comprise of interests, salaries, depreciation, and materials (The Journal of corporate taxation, 1994).

Even consumer spending registered 2% annual growth rate up from the previous estimated figure of 1.4%. There is an overall increase in business and manufacturing activities across wide ranging fields. Though it is too early to say whether much of the growth in economy is real or it is simply due to piling up of the goods by the companies in anticipation of likely buoyancy in the markets.

As a result, there is to low output and employment and consequently reduced income. This reduces purchasing level thus reducing consumption and aggregate demand. During recessionary period, the economy operates at a budget deficit due to increased government spending in provision of welfare benefits such as unemployment compensation, earned income tax credit, and health insurance (Michael et al.

Global Financial Crisis had a dreadful effect on the international economy. So, in many countries, key players within economies such as stock markets as well as large financial institutions did succumb to the effects of the global financial crisis. Some of the great organizations that succumbed to this crisis include Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, AIG, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Meryl Lynch.

Not only do potential litigants have to know the actual costs of trial, but they also have to know the success rate of specific claims. In fact, 91% of the respondents indicated that they would take their cases to court if they were assured that they would be reimbursed the full amount of fees spent on litigation.

With all indicators showing that the company is on the brink of bankruptcy, the best alternative is to favor the demerger between Time Warner and America Online. With the demerger, both companies can part ways. Parting ways will stop the current low demand for the merged company’s products and services.

 Although they state that foreign aid has little impact in terms of supporting economic growth and is therefore ineffective, some of them actually view the giving of aid as diminishing the resources available for satisfying their own requirements, hence the concern. 

The growth of the present business scenario is based on the capability of businessmen to maintain close Customer Relationship Management. Customers are creating huge demands and having more choices to meet their expectations. For generating customer loyalty, a business organization requires accurate, absolute, and current information about customers.

A minimum wage prevents employers legally from lowering the salary of employees below a particular benchmark. At first sight, minimum wage seems to be helping employees; however, there are many controversies associated with minimum wage. Proponents argue that minimum wage would prevent employers from exploiting employees.

Officially a recession is defined as two or more consecutive quarters of negative gross domestic product (Investorwords, 2011). The economy might not be contracting, but there are many signs that the economy is doing bad. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the different factors that are adversely affecting the British people and the world economy.

It is generally argued that the concept of globalization greatly contributes to effective and rapid circulation of ideas, languages, and cultural ideologies since nations have liberalized cross-border trade regulations with intent to enhance foreign investment and cross-border trade for international business expansion.

One can witness the development and expansion that the world is experiencing in every facet of life. Besides, these innovations in such vast fields are leaving an indelible imprint on the entire populace of the world, thus, making the world a global place where all the people can communicate and travel promptly within no time.

The United States controls most of the world’s economies, meaning that an economic crisis born there will result in the disability of the entire world. The world’s drastic encounter with the Global Financial Crisis saw the demise of many financial institutions which later translated to the proclamation of steady measures to sustain many of the world’s economies.

Demand meant the number of goods and services that the buyer or market wanted to buy or acquire at a certain price.  Supply on the other hand is the amount or number of goods and services that the producers are willing to produce at a certain price.  The interplay of these factors makes up the law of supply and demand which governs the dynamics of the market and affects the price of goods and services.

In examining these elements, the article notes the high importance analysts place on financial rations as a determinant of these financial statements. A survey of Chartered Financial Analysts (CFAs) was conducted regarding their views of these financial ratios.

Since its inception, structural adjustment has   had various impacts on the social economic development of the recipient countries. This has generated intense controversies on the effectiveness of the structural adjustment policies. This paper explores the controversies surrounding the effectiveness of the structural adjustments in the developing economies.

This economic data is used as signals for the future conditions and thus have important place in the process of business situation and condition analysis. Such data and signals are known as the economic indicators. These economic indicators are set of macroeconomic data which is used by the analysts in order to understand and analyze the existing situation along with predicting and forecasting the future possibilities.

For generations, it has provided safety against obvious instability common in some emerging energy markets, and guarded it from the unsteady swings that might weaken the country’s economy (“US Dollar under Riyal Pressure”). The dollar peg helped the newly emerging nations to increase exports through profit investments in the US (“To Peg or Not to Peg”).

Economists from the 19th century had placed it on a general node. Generalizing economics concept, the analysts suggested that the concepts are applicable to all types of business and entrepreneurs respectively. There have several terminologies utilized in business conduct, like competition, elasticity, supply, and demand.   

Suburbs are seeing the rise of the new poor, people who owned homes and lived ‘the good life’ but now are struggling to feed themselves and are in constant threat of becoming homeless. The evidence is in the landscaping, according to McGirr (2012), as lawns are neglected and anything extraneous becomes abandoned in order to afford the essentials.

This company creates programs that enable sellers to list all their products and services on its website, and their personally branded websites (Miller 5). It also offers an access to technological infrastructure for enterprises and developers of all sizes through their website.

As such, there are people who exploit their positions in terms of organizational ranking and unethically heap gains onto themselves at the expense of fellow investors and that of their employees. Such people that use their power to exploit firm’s gains at the expense of other stakeholders in an organization would well be referred to as the vulture capitalists.

Compare and contrast alternative views on the nature and possible causes of unemployment and evaluate the effectiveness of demand and supply management policies to combat it Unemployment can be defined as the activity of people being out of employment without their own wish.

The paper also presents responses of capital and money markets and the response and effectiveness of the macroeconomic policies. The main causes for the research are important and cataclysmic events of the preceding year's rise in the risk premium on interbank borrowing and the dates on which some cataclysmic events occurred.

There is a common misconception that developed countries remain unaffected by the economic crisis. Since the economic crisis has been termed as global it can be judged that countries like France had to undergo an economic downturn. The economies of the countries are interlinked and therefore a trauma in one nation will produce a domino effect on the economy of the other nation.

According to the essay, the growth of the taxes, required to reduce the level of national debt would exert negative socio-economic effects on ordinary American people. The proper implementations of the necessary measures that have to be taken in order to reduce the debt without hampering the interests of the consumers is also being considered.

Economic changes have accompanied the evolution and civilization of political and social institutions across the world. Current literature postulates the existence of profound economic disparities within modern societies. These disparities came from changes in economic conditions associated with wealth generation and distribution within a given nation.

Many past empirical pieces of evidence had found that FTA (Free Trade Agreements) is likely to boost bilateral trade flows, to assist to attain economic growth and to create new employment openings driven by export directed development in the economy of partner nations. In most of the FTAs, the advantages derived due to FTAs are likely to overshadow the cost involved especially in the long run.

Typical fast food restaurants serve snacks like fried chicken, hamburgers, donuts and meat pies. In addition, these outlets provide a wide range of carbonated drinks and deserts to consumers. Most people, especially college students and working class professionals may lack time to prepare conventional breakfast meals.

Every world economy requires money to transact its operations. Money is a liquid asset applicable to making transactions in the acquisition of goods and services. There are several monetary forms present in the world today. The United States of America uses the monetary unit of a Dollar. The United States Treasury prints money bills for distribution to the banks in form of bank reserves.

The activities of terrorism have caused detrimental effects on the economy of the country not only in the short run but also in the long term perspective. The 9/11 terrorist attack on the United States is one of the worst attacks of terrorism on the economy of a country that destroyed the infrastructure of New York City and also devastated the lives of the people of the US.

The states formed economic integrations, depending on geographic proximity, history and cultural characteristics. Russia made it alone, starting political reforms from a communist state to an independent democracy with the president elected through popular election. Boris Yeltsin was the first elected head of state.

Water is a birthright of every human being. It cannot be a commodity since it is a requirement for the very existence of life. Without water, all human beings as well as plants and animals will wither and die of thirst.  Water is therefore a unique substance due to the fact that nothing else can be substituted for it.  Nothing in this world is as universal and as necessary as water. It is needed for every aspect of human life.

In all of the four marketing elements, it is only price, which is revenue generating and it plays a crucial role in ensuring that a particular product or service sales in large volumes thereby making a company more profitable. In the determination of price, various factors come into play and they include cost of producing the product or delivering the service, the economic condition of the target market, competition level in the market, the brand name of the product/ service, and the quality of the product/ service (Baines et al.

Nearly 88 percent of this requirement is supplied by oil, coal, and natural gas (Walsh 32). None of the three is renewable and they also pose great dangers to the environment (Hargreaves). Although there is no fixed computation, different sources estimate another 50-120 years of supply of these sources of energy (McLamb).

The author states that it is the interaction of the forces of demand and supply in a marketplace that determines the price of a product at any given time. Price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods and services. This aggregate demand is the sum of demand for oil by all the countries.

In terms of discussing the model or economic theory that relates to the issue presented in the news article, the economic theory that relates to the issue in the news article is the demand principle. The economic theory dictates that “as the prices of goods and services increase, the demand for products and services decrease.”

Samsung Electronics works to render high-class innovative products and has materialized as the leader of the market in the field of electrical goods. The company targets quality-oriented customers. The company focuses on the promotion of value creation that has the potential to provide consumers with products of good quality at lesser prices.

This is needless to mention that the United States is the largest economy and military power across the globe, also known as the Super Power. However, the foreign affairs and international relations experts are doubtful about the future of the USA as they have started debating the rise of great China and its possible emergence as the future Super Power.