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Economic conditions impact significantly the lives of people. Human survival is still very much founded on economic trade and relations with limited natural resources prompting individuals to trade goods with each other. Current economic conditions indicate that some individuals in some parts of the world do not have sufficient resources to support themselves.
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As a major export-run nation, Germany continues to be exposed to changes in the domestic economy, capital markets, world economies, and trade flows. Risk Assessment: Germany Introduction The purpose of this paper is to assess the suitability and stability of Germany for both the United States Government and foreign private sector investment.
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Additionally, its debt-to-GDP ratio at 120% was twice the limit allowed in the Maastricht treaty. Soon after, Portugal, Italy, Ireland and Spain made similar statements. In the last few years, all countries mentioned have implemented forms of austerity measures, experienced inflation, and unemployment has risen, slightly in some, dramatically in others.
This allowed the majority of families to buy homes they could not afford with loans that were subsequently defaulted. The excessive demand for mortgages by buyers caused speculation to increase and home prices to rise at a higher rate than the increase in the supply of houses. In 2006, prices for houses began to fall, and mortgage interests rose.
These policy makers have to consider a number of other factors including competitor`s tuition levels, government aids and scholarships along with the ability of students to pay college fees (Jung S, 2008). Due to budget cuts, especially during times of recession, universities have to increase tuition fees to cover the administrative expenses.
In most countries around the world, however, there is a not so secret underground economy that bypasses most government regulations, potentially causing great economic harm to the country. Such aspects of the underground, or shadow, economy include workers getting paid in cash and goods and services being bartered without proper documentation.
The factory should be settled in a position where the transportation facilities are excellent. This would help the company to efficiently transport its manufactured materials to different retail destinations. Other facilities like electricity, and water should be adequately available in the manufacturing outlet of the firm.
This savings is mobilized by the different commercial banks in the economy. The banks in turn offer the accumulated funds to the potential investors in the nation. However, the investors are charged a certain rate of interest on the loans offered to them.
Today, almost all the economies in the globe are open. Business cycle fluctuations are common to almost all economies in the modern world. This essay will light on the Global Financial Crisis that had taken place in 2007-2008. The essay will discuss the impacts created by this financial crisis on different economies in the world.
This essay mainly focuses on the identification of all the possible negative effects of earthquakes, that influence economic growth in the affected country. As the results of the study shows, the level of economic development of the country in which the disaster occurred, determines how hard the disaster would hit the development of the economy
Keywords: monopolistic, oligopolistic, competition. The Mechanics of Profit Maximization Answer the following questions to the best of your ability 6) The demand function is Q =100 - . 5 P. The cost function is TC = C =100 + 60 (Q) + (Q) 2: A) Find the MR and MC.
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European Union is comprised of 28 member states including Poland and the United Kingdom which are required to follow the codes of conduct that are being legitimized by the European Union. The United Kingdom has been an immensely prominent state for immigrants from several other states to seek a better standard of life and some are asylum seekers.
It is integral to the achievement of the Australian Government’s vision of building a stronger and fairer society. Education level in the economy fuels the progress of economic development in the country and productivity levels. It leads to the creation of jobs requiring high skilled labour and pushes the Government of Australia’s desire to rise in power in the international market (“Transforming Australia’s Higher Education System”).
It`s a common knowledge that health care is an indispensable part of any country’s growth and development since it indicates a system that makes health care facilities accessible at affordable prices to all citizens. One long term challenge for the Australian governments is to enhance the health profile of Indigenous people in the country.
One cannot help but wonder why in these struggling times companies export jobs outside the US when there are workers available in the US who can do the job. It can be added that retaining jobs in the US would tremendously reduce its unemployment rate and help fast-track the recovery of the ailing economy.
The nominal Gross Domestic Product of the United States of America was approximated to be $16.62 trillion in the year 2012. This is almost one quarter of nominal global Gross Domestic Product. In addition, the country’s Gross Domestic Product at purchasing power parity is also the leading among any definite nation in the universe.
The tax is devised in such a way to discourage smoking that the consumption of cigarettes has decreased by 20% according to a report. The factors that affect the size of the tobacco market are the tax rate that is imposed on cigarettes in the country and the smoking habits of the newer younger generation as a result of anti-smoking campaigns.
Opportunistic and partisan models were the initial models but after their failure and with the emergence of rational expectation doctrine they developed being modified as a rational opportunistic model and rational partisan model. The opportunistic model assumes that the ruling political party designs economic policies and manipulates agents’ opinions to win upcoming elections.
It is factual that money is an important factor in any economy, employment which is the key introducer of money in an economy thus becomes equally important with any factor affecting employment thus affects recession in an economy by extrapolation.
However, this is not the case as Leibenstien established in his analyses of a snob, bandwagon, and Veblen effects. From his analyses, Leibenstien established that not all goods obey the law of downward sloping demand. In his analysis, three effects disobey this law. These effects are the snob effect, the bandwagon effect, and the Veblen effects.
Economically, an excludable good or service is one that is possible to prevent people or consumers from the use of the good or enjoying the service. In most cases, the excludability of people in goods and services takes place when some consumers have not paid for the good or service (Brousseau et al. 2012, p. 23).
This paper will extensively shed light upon a monopoly, in addition to this it will also throw light upon the causes of a monopoly and with the help of a case study, a monopoly will be explained in detail. A Monopoly or Monopolies have been determined as one of the main types or causes of market failure, the term not suggesting death or cessation of the market but rather aligned with the definition of a monopoly.
They aim at achieving full employment in the economy concerned. While the Monetary policy is controlled by the Central Bank of a country, the Fiscal Policy is managed by the Government of that country and hence the Central bank of the US, The Federal Reserve Bank must work in tandem with the government to achieve a stable economy.
Federal Reserve Policy during the Recession and Effects of the Credit Crunch Name: Institution: FEDERAL RESERVE POLICY DURING THE RECESSION AND EFFECTS OF THE CREDIT CRUNCH Part One: Federal Reserve Bank Policy during the 2007-2008 Recession To increase the funds that were available to commercial banks, as well as decrease the rate of fed funds, the US Federal Reserve announced that it had plans to increase to $300 billion its Term Auction Facility (Amacher & Pate, 2012).
The results are unpredictable and can cause shocking huge outcomes, for example, the 9/11 attack. Correa (n.d.) argues that the black swan events occurrences are unpredictable and no one knew before that such events could happen in the future. The author gives an example of the Internet, which has expanded and caused big changes globally.
They are structural unemployment, frictional unemployment and cyclical or seasonal unemployment. Structural unemployment arises out of the change in demand of technology and taste in the industry. For instance, the typewriter industry has no demand now because of the emergence of computers.
Intermediate goods do not have their utility and demand for their own sake rather they are demanded for the production of final goods. For instance if raw cotton is used for producing yarn, raw cotton is the intermediate good then, but if yarn is used for producing cloth, then yarn becomes the intermediate good.
John Maynard Keynes was a British economist, and his theories and ideas fundamentally influenced modern macroeconomics. The policies undertaken by governments in different economies are highly influenced by his theories even today. The theories introduced by Keynes mainly concentrate on the nature of total spending in the economy.
The perfect market responds to the changes in consumption demand with a temporary increase in prices and earning abnormal economic profits in the short run. With time, the number of firms in the market increases to match the demand of the market. The competitive scenario would lead to rising in the supply level.
The World of Imperfect Competition Mukoma, Robert. Academia Order Essay Monday, 12 August 2013 Abstract This paper endeavors to elucidate different variations of global market structures, with an emphasis to imperfect competitive markets. To achieve that purpose, examples researched from online business publications and journals have been featured.
The decline in consumption also reflects a rise in the household saving rate. In this regard, other consequences can be the decline of domestic consumption, and domestic investment such as spending on infrastructure, real estate and factories increases from 51.2% to 53.9% over the identical period. Thus, it can be agreed with the article because though the GDP growth rate of China declined employment is not actually affected by it.
Market externalities can be a very costly to the society and lead to economic imbalance. An externality is a benefit or a cost that is derived as a direct side effect of the production or consumption of a product and which is incurred or benefited by another person other than the actual producer or consumer.
The micro environmental factors include product, price, place and promotions of products in contest to the market. The macro environmental factors are those factors which are not directly under the control of the firm. These factors include the political, economic, social, legal factors associated with the business in context to the market.
This recession made the federal government under the leadership of president Obama to come up with a stimulus package program in the year 2009. The package was commonly known as fiscal policy and it was focusing at economic stimulation via financing government project to create direct employment opportunities.
The management practices equally vary with respect to cultures. Indeed, what may be an acceptable managerial practice may be unacceptable in another culture. Most assuredly, as time lapses, there is a growing rise in cultural diversity and cultural practices and thus the need for cross-cultural management to enhance the integration of different cultures in business (Steers, Sanchez & Nardon 2010, pp. 45-50).
Macro environment
Macro environment factors are also external to the firm and cannot be controlled. These factors hardly have any effect the marketing capability but affect the decisions of marketing within the company. Macro environmental factors may include the following:
The debt crisis is an issue of major concern for any less developed or developing country. Generally these less developed countries have to borrow money from different leading countries or the private banks or World Bank for their growth and economic sustenance.
Generally, this paper highlights various economic concepts in view of the scandal that tarnished the US corporate image – of Enron Corporation. This brief paper examines economic concepts including supply and demand, incentives and unemployment, market failure, property and ownership, and cost analysis.
The electronic submission process of various kinds of documents is one of the common activities of the present days. The electronic submission process is simply defined as a process by which acknowledgment, receipt, routing, and notification to the receiving center are sent over electronic networks (Weinberg, 2009)
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According to the paper, the Indian economy encompasses a number of sectors which range from traditional farming to modern industries. India is one of the major exporters of services and components related to the information and technology sector. The country profited from the advancements made by its citizens in the field of software development.
There are mainly three subdivisions of the EMU but all the members have to be a part of the ‘third EMU stage’. Each of the member states that are part of the third stage is only eligible to use the Euro currency. In the recent economic epoch, it is analyzed that the economic structure of different nations in the eurozone is actually separate.
World Economy Since 1945.The concept of neo liberalism has dominated the sphere of economic policymaking in the Western world. Both the United States and the United Kingdom has strictly adhered to the school of neo liberals since the past four decades. Neo liberalism finds strong advocates in all over Western Europe.
PESTEL analysis of the automotive industry in United Kingdom
The essay thus elaborates the macro economic factors which will affect the business of Ford in UK. 1. PESTEL ANALYSIS PESTEL Analysis is a “strategic planning technique that provides a useful framework for analysing the environmental pressures on a team or an organisation” (Leontiades, 2005).
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The US had a Republican form of administration from 1981 to 1989. The administration was under the 40th president of the US named Ronald Reagan. This essay tries to focus on the level of poverty and income distribution in the Reagan years in the US. The pattern of governance under Reagan in the U.S. was in favor of reducing state-owned programs.
The author states that one of the key points covered in the article include the objections against a monopoly as understood by the economists. The argument against monopoly is that in the absence of competition, monopolies can charge whatever they want and the charged prices are usually higher than the prices under perfect competition.
This discussion will define both merit and demerit goods and show why merits goods are socially desirable. It will also outline some externalities both positive and negative, and the role of United Kingdom government in providing these socially desirable merit goods.
The result of China’s development is visible in the position it is occupying in the world rankings of economies in terms of economic growth. However, the negative effects of growth are issues related to environmental degradation, particularly air pollution in the case of China, and rising health hazards.
Sports teams spend a great deal of money on the players that they hire in order to get the best possible mix of good play from their hires. There is something to be said about the power of money in creating a team that is a winning team. The mix of financial incentives and quality from spending more is likely to provide for a higher level of team efficiency.
The growth of the world economy was rapid from 1000 A.D. onwards. This survey tries to enumerate the various factors that were responsible for the progress of the economy. In the end, it briefly explains the geographic extent of political control of the so-named ‘state’ in the current terminology. The 15th century was termed the medieval age.
Essay Overview Antitrust is primarily concerned with the structure of markets along with the bargaining that goes on within the market. Consequently, the absolute cost of redistributing various resources is as vital as the transaction costs of arranging for their movement.