Health Sciences & Medicine Essays

Can addiction be treated as a disease? What drives a drug addict or alcohol addict to consume drugs or alcohol? Is his craving a disease? Or does the craving rise out of personal habits? These questions raise important and pertinent implications because they go on to recommend the line of treatment for an addict.

Researches and studies, that were presented in this evidence based essay by the researcher have found that more than 30% of 60-year-old community-dwelling people are regular laxative users and that close to 30% of men and women over age 65 consider themselves to be constipated, that is making fewer than three bowel movements a week.

When in the 90's the doctors found that the use of marijuana can reduce the side effects of the treatment people diagnosed with incurable diseases, like AIDS or cancer receive, like "persistent nausea, vomiting and debilitating pain"(ABC news, 2005), a social movement began for to legalize the use of this drug in medical purposes, in order to relieve the sufferings of the severely ill.

Nursing is largely a people-dependent profession that relies mostly on a humane approach and personal care.  However, excessive dependence on this aspect divorced from technology solutions can at times lead to major human errors, especially in the matter of administering the correct prescriptions.

A marked increase in the incidence of low and very low birth weight infants has been witnessed in the last several decades. The hospital care of premature, low birth weight infants requires appropriate technology and personnel, which is expensive; in the United States, the cost of care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and Intermediate ICU averages between $1,000 and $2,000 per day per patient.

I have seen the dreams of the boys and girls around me change, mine never has, it has only grown stronger. I vividly remember an afternoon spent with my mother watching her work, as she was advising her patients, reassuring them, bringing them hope. I was six at that time, but that warm atmosphere of caring. 

Expectedly, we no longer have to splice genes from an animal into another animal kind or to a plant, or splice genes from man into an animal or vice versa. Second, biomimicry affords us respect in the way we categorize organisms properly as man, animal, or plant, and will be careful in our interventions following this new paradigm. 

It is imperative to discriminate with accuracy between asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to minimize the risk of improper treatment of the disease. Much attention has been given to Asthma while COPD remained quite neglected over the years. The inflammatory responses in both these conditions show variations.

Botulism is a paralytic illness which is caused by a nerve toxin. Rare yet serious, food-borne botulism is caused by consumption of food items which contain the botulism toxin. The disease can be fatal and epidemical as a large number of people can be infected due to consumption of contaminated food. 

Schizophrenia can be defined as a multifaceted mental ailment. The schizophrenic disorders are characterized in general by fundamental and characteristic distortions of thinking and perception, and by inappropriate or blunted affect. Clear consciousness and intellectual capacity are usually maintained, although certain cognitive deficits may evolve. 

In Comparison of hospital and home intravenous antibiotic therapy in adults with cystic fibrosis (Esmond, Butler, & McCormack, 2006), the authors set forth their findings obtained during a research project to compare intravenous (“i.v.”) antibiotic therapy for adults with cystic fibrosis in a hospital setting versus a home setting.

The fall in the consumption of alcohol in the year 2006 follows the drop of 2.2 percent in the year 2005. The introduction of the new Licensing Act may be considered partially responsible for this decline. The consumption level of alcohol in the UK as of the year 2006 is shown below with a graphical representation of the data.

Pressure ulcers among elderly hospital patients diminish quality of life and increase the cost of hospital care. The development of ulcers on heel area is a serious problem, requiring lengthy hospital stays and periods of disability, and often leads to lower limb amputation.

Though economic concerns have been the major drivers towards carving a new role for pharmacists in community healthcare and specialty wards, pharmacists can make an important contribution towards containing prescription errors especially antibiotic errors, and in the management of crucial drugs like warfarin in intensive therapy units. (Boddy, 2001)

The reforms were launched due to the recognition that the NHS had been seriously underfunded for the previous decades, but numerous difficulties which emerged during the process of reformation led to the increased understanding that the organizational, specifically managerial aspect of the NHS operation is as important as the problems of funding.  

An experiment was tried to determine is patients with type 2 diabetes know how to include sugar or sweets into their daily life and to see if it concludes in a higher consumption rate of calories and if it weaken their glycemic or lipid profiles. This resulted in having no negative effect; most of the patients knew how to handle themselves.

This study investigates the attitudes of South Asian men towards lifestyle and exercise habits and the relationship between physical activity in such men and instances of heart diseases. 30 South Asian men within 30-60 years are selected to participate in interviews showing their attitudes towards physical activity and heart disease.

The last 50 years have seen significant changes in the ways and methods that are used to treat the client that has entered the substance misuse program. Sociological forces of poverty, racism, sexism and the widespread availability of drugs have mandated that the public apply newer and sounder treatment methods.

Intellectual disability or formerly known as mental retardation is a generalized disorder characterized by sub-average cognitive functioning and deficiency in two or more adaptive behaviors, mainly manifesting before age of 18 not including severe expectations. These disorders include both a component relating to mental functioning and other correlated with individual skills accommodation in their environment.

The reported prevalence of dyslipidemia in renal transplant patients ranges from 16-72%. Renal transplantation is now widely acknowledged as the treatment of choice for patients in ESRF.  The pathogenesis of changes in lipid patterns in transplant patients appears to be multifactorial.  

The author states that not all carbohydrates are bad, but the bad ones are found in white bread, chips, snacks, and other baked or fried foods that have been mechanically processed. These carbs are bad for you because, during processing, much or all of the dietary fiber is removed from them, and your body cannot process these new complex carbs.

As the report declares Medical and Social Disability are treated much different today than they have been in the past. The approach is much more humanistic now than it was. There is also much controversy over what the definitions of each of these disabilities are and whether the need is even now being met correctly.

The first paper is “Complex intervention development for diabetes self-management” by Jackie Sturt. It provides data for phase one of the proposed modification of the Self-Efficacy Goal Achievement (SEGA) complex nursing intervention for type 2 diabetes. The second paper is “Barriers to communication about diabetes mellitus”.

Medicine is one of the branches of Health Science; the aim of medicine is to maintain human health. This aim is fulfilled by the treatment of various diseases and injuries. This purely comes under the area of knowledge. Medicine can also be called applied knowledge, in the sense that knowledge is applied to cure various diseases and disorders.

Phlebotomy means to draw out blood from the human body for medical purposes like transfusion or testing. A phlebotomist is a professional who specializes in the task of drawing out blood from a human body

The author of the paper will begin with the statement that the skills of a health care provider are the heart of health care delivery system, thus, there is a need to prepare them differently in order to meet the needs of the clients - decrease errors in nursing care procedures and improve patient’s safety as well as the quality of patient care. 

Since time immemorial, humans sought to improve ways to gather food. When the Industrial Age embarked and populations continue to burgeon in amazing numbers, food processing was born to provide the growing needs of humanity. In the food processing industry, concerns about food consumption and its safety are gargantuan issues to reckon with. 

Lupus has a profound impact on the individual both physiologically and psychologically. Patients diagnosed with lupus undergo a lot of suffering, but it is possible to help them by dealing with the symptoms and teaching them to go on with their lives. There is a long way to go before the threat of lupus can be curbed.

Of course, one enters into the inclusion controversy, being fully cognizant that development issues will influence and dictate curriculum adjustments, if not overall changes.We will take a look at how the process, though formidable, can be structured to minimize shortcomings, without marginalizing the desired outcomes

To be aware of the progress of pregnancy and to screen for some conditions so that a complicated scenario could be avoided, World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended at least four antenatal visits during which a pregnant woman should have contact with some qualified health care provider in the relevant specialty.

This paper presents the development of formative elements in assessment in a teaching module developed to facilitate learning in BSC (Hons) Nursing programme. This paper highlights the cycles of planning, implementing, and evaluatingb teaching, learning, and assessment strategies with the final goal of facilitation of learning.  

The report proceeds to analyze certain prominent cases of scientific fraud to understand the nature and scope of scientific fraud in medical research, its perpetration, and detection. A discussion on the detection of scientific frauds, the legal framework or the lack of it in addressing scientific frauds in the U.S. is also presented.

Epidemiological studies show that approximately 15% of lung cancers in men and 5% of lung cancers in women are caused by such environmental exposures. As per the rating system based on animal and human data by The International Agency for Research on Cancer, where an agent, mixture, or exposure circumstance is assigned to one of five categories.

The extent of bleeding has increased progressively in quantity over time. This patient will be named “the patient” and her identity will remain undisclosed. She had a family history of uterine fibroids. NICE (2007) has defined heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) as excessive menstrual blood loss over the limit of the normal amount of menstrual blood loss.

She is 68 years old and used to work as a bank clerk Mrs. X suffers from a cerebral vascular accident (stroke) five years ago. She experiences some difficulty with her speech. Mrs. X is an adult belonging to an age bracket where the occurrence of stroke is not uncommon. She is suffering from a single disability, that of speech resulting from the stroke.

All this is important, given that MRSA and Clostridium difficile have been responsible for several deaths (Gupta 2006) that were preventable.  However, the more imminent threat lies in the fact that these two organisms are becoming increasingly difficult to treat with available medication which has left hospitals with prevention as their main cure for reducing hospital-acquired infections.

“The health impact of cold, damp homes and the importance of promoting affordable warmth to address socio-economic inequalities in health and promote social inclusion are now recognised on the national policy agenda.” It’s high time now, and the authorities should sort out this problem thoroughly and, if necessary, even promote further studies.

Iron is an essential nutrient found in many foods. In the body, iron becomes part of hemoglobin, a molecule in the blood that transports oxygen from the lungs to all body tissues. Healthy people usually absorb about 10 percent of the iron contained in the food they eat to meet their body needs. People with hemochromatosis absorb more than the body needs.

The author states that complementary Medicine (additional treatment to that prescribed by a physician) and Alternative Medicine (nonconventional treatment in lieu of conventional treatment) do not denote different methods but depict different situations when non-conventional healing methods are used.

It is true that increasing the intake of food and the sedentary lifestyle results in obesity, but it is also true that there are people who're metabolic rates affected due to the dysfunctions of their endocrine system. Some people may be born with this, while others acquire this by secondary means.  

 Asthma is a chronic lung disease that predominantly causes difficulty in breathing. This is mainly due to constriction, tightening of the muscles surrounding the airways, and inflammation, soreness, swelling, and irritation of the airways in the lungs. Asthma is different for everyone.

In July of 2002, it was announced that funding for new equipment would be pooled to enable diverse organizations to enter partnerships to access resources. Councils would no longer be able to charge for resources so as to encourage relationships between service providers. Additionally, conflicting information across the nation would be reformed

Diabetes is classified into two categories: Type I, insulin-dependent(IDMM), or juvenile-onset diabetes; and Type II, non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM), or adult-onset diabetes. IDDM begins suddenly, usually in childhood. It might be precipitated by a viral attack on the pancreas, and probably also is linked at least in part to genetic factors.

This paper was composed of four questionnaires given in a designated order to maintain internal validity in the resulting statistical data.  The first was the Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI), followed by the Falls-Efficacy Scale, Swedish Version (FES (S)), the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ), and the Demographic Questionnaire given to each subject. 

The use of LBC would permit the current laboratory workload to be coped with the on-hand workforce and the remaining cell suspension can be used for the reaction of human papillomavirus testing or other ancillary tests such as chlamydia or gonococcus recognition or molecular organic tests for markers of neoplastic succession.

After the receptionist's interview with the patient, the patient is then placed in a queue to be called by the radiology technician that will be performing their exam. While the patient waits in the waiting area the receptionist completes the work order. The radiology technician is notified of the pending ordered exam.  

Ans- Fibro cartilaginous discs are found at the menisci of the knee joint and vertebral column wherein vertebras are connected by fibro-cartilaginous discs. Ans- Subscapularis muscle arises from the sub-scapular fossa on the anterior face of the scapula. Ans- Subscapularis muscle via its tendon gets attached to the lesser tuberosity of Humerus.

The author of this paper makes research on a topic of development that has been regarded as the modifications and adjustments that the social experience from the period of origin till death. The age grades are illustrated as “socially classified age groups which include pre-assigned statuses, roles, privileges, and responsibilities”.  

Ischemic stroke has become one of the most widely spread reasons causing deaths among people of all ages. For this reason, and for the reason of the better outcomes for the patients having experienced ischemic stroke, it is essential to concentrate on the nursing aspects of the rehabilitation care and to discuss it from the various viewpoints.

The author states that the first case is of a seventeen-year-old who is healthy, but smokes 5 to 10 cigarettes per day.  She has been sexually active for eight months, and has had several sexual partners.  The recommendation is that this patient have monthly injections of Lunelle as her contraceptive.