Finance & Accounting Essays

Efficient Market Hypothesis: Is the Stock Market Efficient? Introduction Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), introduced four decades ago, was the dominating theory in the academic community that explained how the financial market works. Nowadays, although it is challenged by both the theoretical and practical studies (e.g.

The potential Sprint-T-Mobile merger is one of most discussed topic in the US telecom industry. More than the merger between the two, the cause of concern is the future of T-Mobile which will have to merge with either of other service providers for survival.

Indirect costs refer to costs that are not directly associated with the product and do not apparently increase the cost of the product. Indirect costs include overhead costs that are incurred by the organization to keep the organization running and are usually incurred under joint usage of more than one product.

The FJE Limited is a public limited company which has recently converted from a private limited company. As the company has become public limited it wants to list itself in the Australian Stock Exchange. FJE is an exploration company which has three leases in Mali, Niger and Wiluna area of Australia.

The paper presents the methods through which the researcher has addressed the company’s record-keeping practices, credit approval policies, existence of supervisory control, extent of segregation of duties, application of accounting laws, reconciliation exercises, year-round uniformity in practices, and timeliness.

The corporate bond market can help in improving the financial stability of an economy and provide competition in the private sector as well. The corporate bond market can also help in enhancing the financial sector stability by reducing or mitigating the interest risk and rollover risk for the borrowers.

This paper sought to have a clear knowledge on the financial risk faced by the firm; to study the effective application of derivative by various multi-national firms in risk management; to analyze in-depth of Currency risk, Exchange rate fluctuation, Interest rate fluctuation and to study the concept and use of derivative.

Calendar Anomalies: Definition and Background Information Calendar anomalies, or seasonal effects, as applied to stock markets can be defined as “the tendency of financial assets returns to display systematic patterns at certain times of the day, week, month or year” (Brooks 2008, p.

What changes in the variables would be necessary in your valuation to best approximate the market valuation? Considering the current market value of the stock, it seems that the stock is relatively undervalued and the investors can actually be advised for buying or hold.

The economies of rapidly emerging countries widely known as BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) have recently become the objects of fascination and speculation for international investors, policy makers, economists and academics worldwide.

Woolworths limited is a retailer whose primary activities are concentrated in supermarkets, especially regarding food and liquor, which represent the firm’s majority sales. Woolworth also deals with other businesses like consumer electronics and powerhouse businesses. Woolworths has been one of the important consistent and successful retailers in Australia.

The process in which the per capita income of the poor economies tends to grow as fast as that of the rich economies is defined as the convergence. The process eventually leads the per capita incomes to converge. As the developing countries have the advantage of diminishing returns to factors, they can converge faster than the developed economies (Alfaro et al, 2005).

This style of pizza is cooked using brick ovens. Brick ovens are able to cook delicious pizzas in three minutes by cooking the pizza at 900 degrees instead of 450 degrees Fahrenheit. The structure that is going to be used to set up the business is the corporate structure.

Although these costs hemorrhaged the company’s insurance business and decreased its annual profit, Suncorp still then managed to amplify its profit margin fundamental to the insurance claims. It was also declared that the excess capital in regard to the operational requirements of the company would be given back to its shareholders.

Contents Introduction 3 Question 1 4 Question 2 8 Question 3 11 Question 4 12 Conclusion 15 Reference 17 Bibliography 17 Planning strategies at Kangaroo P/L Introduction This paper deals case study of Kangaroo P/L and aims to offers answers of the specific questions.

The collected financial information has to be analyzed in order to examine the ability of the client, Mr. Mark Angelo, to repay the debt as well as his net asset value, in addition to the assets which Mr. Mark Angelo can offer to the bank. The examination of the short-term liquidity of an organization can be accomplished through the current ratio.

The research analyses the impact and influence of corporate governance on the social, political and economic environment of the United Kingdom; investigates the reasons of financial risks and role of corporate governance in curtailing it; evaluates the contribution of corporate governance in offering transparency and systematic approach to deal with the social and business environment.

The current paper aims to evaluate and present corporate tax system, double taxation of corporate profits, progressive system of taxation and provisions on tax expenditures. The paper will make recommendations in an effort to continually develop and improve the tax system of the United States of America.

A study reflects a sound business performance of the company with satisfactory revenue through its sales and this status has been maintained inspite of several challenges and difficulties that the company had to face in the light of changing economic conditions in the business world. The company focuses on maintaining its position in the industry and develops its business with increasing the revenue more than before.

Stock Analysis Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Financial Health of the Company 3 1.2 Investment (Investors’) Objective of the Company 4 2. Company Financial Background 4 3. Financial Ratio Analysis 6 3.1 Profitability Ratio 6 3.2 Liquidity Ratio 8 3.3 Gearing Ratio 9 3.4 Investment Ratio 11 4.

This research helps to better determine the role oil prices play in the Saudi Arabian stock market. The results of this research could be significant for investors and enterprises in determining their hedge on their oil investments and could serve as a basis for further research and verifying its validity in other major oil producing countries, and in determining the direction their stock portfolio is expected to go in depending on oil prices.

The researcher uses nine ratios for the ratio analysis: profit margin, earnings per share (EPS), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), current ratio, debt ratio, working capital, price / earnings ratio, and market capitalization. The author of the essay compares all the selected financial ratios for McDonald’s corporation in 2009 and 2010.

On the basis of Mark Angelo’s steady financial state, the bank could offer him a credit card, an overdraft facility, a home loan or a personal loan as per his personal or business requirement. The bank could also offer Mark Angelo mortgage bonds in the form of home loans, wherein the credit offered by the bank would be protected by a mortgage on the house.

The author of the paper will begin with the statement that one of the major concerns for independent regulation of the financial services industry relates to the structure of large investment banks, where multiple divisions within the same company structure may have interests with clients that compete or conflict with each other.

Task 2 Purpose, Nature, and Benefits of the Planning and Budgeting Process According to Williamson (1996), the budgeting and planning process refers to the application of budgetary control techniques to forecast receipts and expenses of cash in future fiscal periods.

Quality of corporate governance within an organization (Shell Company) and the impact on organization’s key stakeholder Name Institution Abstract Shell Company operates globally across the world and is one of most successful company in energy and petrochemical products.

The author explains that to try to prevent other corporate scandals, President George W. Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, named for its sponsors, which would establish measures for corporate oversight and promise stiff punishments for those that even attempted, knowingly or unknowingly, to engage in corporate fraud.

The discussion covers quite a number of topics including credit for foreign income taxes, limitation on credit, maximum allowable foreign tax credit, carry-back and carryover of the foreign tax credit, claiming the tax credit or deduction each year, foreign taxes not eligible for the foreign tax credit, foreign source income, refunds and adjustments and corporate foreign tax credit situation in the US.

The research paper begins with introducing the county’s hotels and resort bases and the services that are provided to the tourists. The report also details the various challenges that the county faces during its operations in California’s tourism industry. The facts that over the years have brought success to Orange County will also be proficiently dealt along with identification of its core areas of operations.

Accounting Restatements and Institutional Ownership: The Case of the UK Table of Contents Chapter 1: Accounting Restatements 4 1.1Introduction 4 1.2Motivations for Studying the Issue 5 1.3Research Problem 6 1.4Research Methodology 6 1.5Organisation of the Dissertation 7 Chapter 2: Literature Review 8 2.1 UK Stock Exchange (LSE) Market 8 2.2 Corporate Disclosure practices and Institutional Investors 9 2.3 The Governance Role of Institutional Investors 12 Chapter 3: Hypothesis Development 16 Chapter 4: Research Methodology 19 4.1 Sample Selection and Data Sources 19 20 4.2 Descriptive Analysis 20 4.3 Research Methodology 22 Chapter 5: Results 26 5.1 Empirical Results 26 5.2 Conclusion of Empiri

Capital investments require a lot of cash out flows which are done in order to get higher benefits in future. As the capital is invested with the view of getting higher returns in future, therefore the capital should the decisions regarding the investments should be taken with utmost care by analyzing the capital investments by capital budgeting techniques.

Another complication in arriving at measures to assure the maintenance of financial stability is that it could not be achieved by mere adjustments in a few policies or tools. In contrast, monetary stability can be achieved by fine-tuning policies to lower inflation by lowering or raising interest rates.

Another risk to consider that of the risk associated with financing the planned expansion. If the company were to fund the expansion through the issue of bonds the main risk the company would have to take into account is that associated with the ability to pay back the interest charges associated with the bonds. 

In the introduction part of this research and analysis project, the topic chosen, the reasons for the topic chosen and the aims and objectives of the research and analysis report are presented. This section of the research serves as a guide to both the researcher and the readers to what may be expected from the report. As such, this section provides background for the entire research.

These statements are studied thoroughly and interpreted in light of the company’s background and current performance. Moreover, the company's performance is seen in the light of industry comparison as well. Trend analysis and vertical analysis are done to compare the company’s performance with its base year 2008 and calculate indexes based on it.

This report will give a strategic analysis of the company Apple in relation to the case study provided. Unless otherwise stated the information about Apple has been taken from the relevant case study. Also report makes some recommendations to better identify the needs of specific customer groups.

This research is being carried out to discuss the bankruptcy of Barings Bank as a result of rogue trading by its employee Nick Leeson; to analyze the causes and implications of rogue trading in the light of Barings bank; to offers a set of plausible recommendations against rogue trading.

The aim of this paper is to examine in more detail why the Leeson affair occurred. Another aim is ascertain the best way that firms can prevent another catastrophe like the Leeson affair from happening, by examining specific, concrete steps that firms may take to prevent such a thing from occurring to them.

CONTENTS Executive summary 3 Introduction 3 Analysis 4 American Express’s liquidity 4 American Express’s leverage capacity 5 American Express’s profitability 6 American Express’s efficiency 8 Du Point Analysis 9 Company’s beta 9 Conclusion and recommendation 12

This academic proposal is being carried out to discover and establish whether the UK stock market is really efficient and to identify the trends in the UK stock market. From having a glimpse at the capital market from all over the world, UK capital market is one of diversified exchange marketplace that have come under consideration from the evaluation in the research.

A balanced scorecard from the published financial statements of John Lewis Introduction John Lewis Partnership, being one of the main retailers in UK, was created by John Spedan Lewis as a company focused on the happiness and satisfaction of the staff (John Lewis plc, 2011).

The author states that environmental audit can be defined as “An environmental audit is concerned with checking conformity with legislative requirements and environmental standards, as well as with company policy. The audit may also cover potential improvements in environmental performance and systems”.  

The report critically evaluates the elements that form the business plan along with their definitions and reviews. The contents of the business plan are put under discussion through various subheadings. It also describes the entrepreneurial traits that are available for one to become successful in his business ventures.

People have come up with several reasons why the financial crisis occurs and why the impact of financial crisis was so strong. Not only the financial institutions in the country but the overall world economy had to face consequences of the financial crisis.

The intention of this study is cosmetic accounting that can be represented by the income smoothing technique. This consists in deliberate using of accounting policies to report the series of income as low from one period to another for the purpose of showing low wealth to shareholders. This way, the management can reduce the net income’s fluctuations from one period to another.

The aim of this research to verify and to examine the investment atmosphere and different kinds of investments; to recognize and to elucidate the logic of investment procedure and the contents of its’ each phase; to distinguish concepts of theory of portfolio and apply its’ principle in the procedure of investment portfolio configuration; to determine the optimal investment performance appraisal systems.

The author explains that a promoter refers to a person who assists by procuring capital or otherwise, in promoting commercial or financial enterprises. A promoter main duty is to offer sufficient funding or capital for the company and to ensure that all the formalities required by the statute of incorporation are met.

The promoter is assumed to have executed without utmost good faith. This means that disclosure of their activities is the most important issue and they must work within the objectives of the promoters and must use their skills knowledge for the best of the firm. A promoter is any person involved in the planning to incorporate.

Business organisations of present era are dealing with highly competitive environment. For the better implementation of business policies, vision and to attain the desired mission, management of every organisation comes up with sets of plan termed as strategies which further promises sustainable growth of the business.

In the year 1988, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision established a capital quantifying arrangement in banks. This system was widely known as the Basel Capital Framework. It has been broadly utilized by almost all the financial authorities across the globe in addition to the entire set of banking entities that possess global operations.