Finance & Accounting Essays

The features of Ijarah contracts have also been studied in detail. Although Ijarah contracts are similar to leasing contracts, still some differences exist. Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions, (AAOIFI), sets out standards for accounting of Ijarah contracts. The impact of IFRS on Ijarah contract accounting has also been discussed in this study.

A sound banking method forms the base for every winning financial system. It assists in strengthening the financial system of the country. The stronger the economy the stronger the country is. There are two kinds of banking systems and they are Islamic banking and Conventional banking. Islamic banking is significantly different from conventional banking, and some of the differences are discussed in this essay.

Islamic finance has become a centre of attention in the global financial market with its practice mainly focused on being ethical which is based on the teachings of Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) and the Holy Scripture of the Muslims with the principle consistent with Shariah (Islamic law), The Holy Qur’an.

In 1992, the Housing and Community Development Act of 1992 (P.L. 102-550, 106 STAT. 3672) was enacted as a banking regulation in the United States. The Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) regulatory structure was established in this Act. The Act also established structures to provide financial institutions with regulatory relief.

Corporate strategies include the acquisition of companies or businesses in order to achieve a competitive advantage within the market and thus achieve an increase in market share. It is the need for expanding growth and increasing the market share that Dell and HP were determined to acquire 3PAR through a bidding process.

Principle-based standards mean moving away from reliance on detailed, prescriptive rules and relying more on high-level, broadly stated rules or Principles to set the standards by which regulated firms must conduct business (Black et al, 2007).  This system follows principles. The term “principles” can be used simply to refer to general rules.

AMP didn’t hesitate to take its chances and tried consistently to gain position in the market, while it was falling, where at times it lost few profits and gained some, due to speculations of a majority of investors not letting the market follow fundamentals. But still, AMP has managed to deliver solid results and did not suffer major setbacks because of the GFC.

The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) develops and issues the International Accounting Standards (IAS), which are also known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was replaced by the IASB in 2000 (IAS Plus, n.d.).

As the role of the auditor comes increasingly below the highlight pursuing up to date global financial instability, it is believed that it is essential that the accountancy occupation re evaluate the role of audit and guarantee and approach up with positive, realistic approach which both can help in developing and maintain profitable business.

Due to poor supervision and control of financial risks, billions of dollars were lost. The origin of the VaR can be termed as the initiatives of Dennis Weatherstone, Chairman of JP Morgan, who made his department submit a simple report on the company’s financial vulnerability to risks daily. VaR is an easy method of measuring market risk.

Financial Risk Management 1. Introduction: Many financial and non-financial organizations currently report the significance of value-at-risk (VaR), a risk that calculates for possible losses. Domestic uses of VaR and other complicated risk measures are on the increase in many financial institutions, where, for instance, a banks risk group can set VaR limits, both probabilities and amounts, for fund management and trading operations.

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises or SMEs generally function in the economy’s formal sector, and it employs chiefly a wage-earning workforce, and involve in organized markets.  SME access to formal finance is an attractive possibility, and they have become competitive in domestic and international markets, and are more likely to grow further in the future.

My investment option is to take life insurance.  Majority of the life assurance organizations avail of a with-profit fund. As long as I continue paying the required premiums, a guaranteed minimum value is offered at maturity by these plans. I would be interested in investing in with-profit policies.

Stock market efficiency. Efficiency in market means that there is absence of any systematic way to beat the market. The efficient market hypothesis states that the information about the value of the firm is fully reflected in the current stock prices. It also states that the firm will not be able to earn to excess profits i.e.

Through the estimation of the incremental budgeting, can assess as to the implementation of the same is required or not thereby suggesting other budgetary procedures which may are implemented by the institution. These tools would help them in setting a probable standard for themselves so that any deviation from the same could be anticipated.

When trying to understand the value, the following issue is likely to appear: are the elements of value standardized across environments of different characteristics? The answer to this question should be negative. This issue is also highlighted in the statement of Broughton (2010), which is analyzed in this paper.

This emerges when the value of an investment will change as a result of a change in the absolute level of interest rates, in the range between two interest rates, or like the yield curve relationship (Davidson, 2001). These changes frequently affect securities unequally and can be minimized through diversification or hedging.

A report assessment of individuals’ attitude towards risks, investment opportunities and suitable plan to match products and client’s needs

More significantly, companies decide to increase their business ventures as a way of increasing their earnings to high levels of returns, considering that it saves on cost as the predator company takes over the effective running of the business. Predator companies focus on target companies with good profit levels and high expected return levels over long periods.

Today many organisations are going out of business as a result of the mounting cut- throat market competition across the globe. Even though a company has a better range of well recognised product lines and brand names, it cannot confront with modern business situation unless the firm possesses potential management level strategies and decision making capabilities.

The decision that the managers of the firms take has in the past raised questions on how their analyses are able to beat the market consistently. To outperform the market returns, the manager is expected to demonstrate the ability to make correct market timing and market selection.

This unraveled when the company lost almost $300 million on the contracts it had with the consortium, a member of Aerospace in Britain who called for the reorganization of the managerial and financial structure of Airbus.

ASMAK is a fish farming company, headquartered at Abu Dhabi, UAE. Its shares are publicly traded in the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange. It has been a pioneer in the field of producing, processing and marketing of aquaculture products in the Middle East. The company achieved various milestones during all these years of its operations.

Table of Contents Executive Summary2 Introduction.2 Stock fund creation3 Overview of Sector3 UK…..3 United States.6 Steps taken to diversify8 Assessment of risk profile.10 Stock fund value.10 Stock fund performance 12 Percentage of decrease.12 Overall Performance..12 Comparison with Dow and Auto Sector..15 Shares highlighted – best, worst and why..16 Summary of performance.19 Conclusion…20 Bibliography…21 Executive Summary In this project, our team selected 10 different companies to watch with relation to their stock prices.

The author of the paper will begin with the statement that for the past two decades, there has been a trend set by the two leading accounting standards-setting boards namely as Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) in the respect of providing unanimous accounting standards to the entities.

The project analysis is based on evaluating the cost of two compressors that will be used in the refrigerator and ascertain if the project is work investing. Meanwhile, the analysis focuses on the various capital budgeting techniques that are used to evaluate the significant of the project.

This total investment was held for the duration of four weeks to track and evaluate the performance of each stock as well as the total portfolio or the fund. The movement of each of the stocks and the reasons for changes in the price level of each stock is analyzed. Lastly, a comparative analysis has been done of this overall portfolio.

This paper will assess my portfolio in the Oil and Gas industry. This is an industry that operates at a very challenging environment, characterized by frequent fluctuation of oil prices and stringent regulatory framework. More importantly, the industry has to contend with uncertainty that has characterized the recent decades.

There is a need to have good management to steer the investment to success. Money is one of the essential factors that contribute to the growth of any venture, especially business investment.  It should, therefore, be noted that good money management is a sure guarantee of a brighter future for such investment (Stacy & Fuller 2008).

The application of planning as well as control has been acknowledged as elementary in relation to the management practice in organizations for a long. The process of planning is considered to be quite integral for organizations as it aids the organizations in establishing their intentions and objectives along with ascertaining the ways of attaining them.

Abstract Internationalisation has been the subject of research study for many past researches. However, very little knowledge is available regarding the internationalisation process followed by the SMEs in Oman. This research study has been designed on the basis of the fact that the SMEs in Oman may be characterised of having different internationalisation behaviours as compared to the other firms present in the western countries.

From the observation of the two stock exchange index movements, for an investor to realize maximum wealth maximization, he will be better invested under S&P 500 companies. This is because; the index shows that the sectors under this index are able to make the highest possible returns during peak times than under KSE 100 companies.

In the case of Saudi Arabia, the capital market has developed very recently, and hence the emergence of corporate governance is also very recent compared to developed countries like the UK and the US. The literature also reveals that policies for trade and business in Saudi Arabia are based on Islamic law, called Sharia. 

The recent global financial crisis has brought issues and weaknesses in the international market for investments and securities, drawing concern for the financial health and operational continuity of potential equity investments.  These concerns are exacerbated by the lack of transparency in the manner corporations operate.

Accounting profession has encountered a drastic change because of the technological advancements over the past few years. Initially, a lot of paperwork was involved in the accounting process, but gradually, with the advent of technology, there has been a huge decline in the level of paperwork in accounting procedures.

The author states that Japan and the United States are contrasts in terms of each country’s economic activity. The United States is a market based economy while Japan is an export based economy. Market based economy is deemed stronger since it is not solely dependent on its exports or imports to stimulate its economic activity.

The paper considers functions of budgeting, employee motivation through budgeting, responsibilities and budget holders, budgetary control, capital budgeting, and techniques of capital budgeting, also determines to budget as a process that helps companies plan their business activities in accordance with the available money

Islamic banking generally refers to the “Shariah Compliant mechanisms” in order to replace the interest-based financial system of intermediation with the interest-free one. Unlike conventional banks and other financial intermediaries, Islamic banks have not been allowed to present a fixed as well as predetermined rate of interest on the deposits and also have not been allowed to alter interest rates on loans.  

Relevance and reliability are two qualitative characteristics of any information that distinguish more useful information from the inferior or less useful information. These two qualities are highly related to financial information reported and published by companies.

Many of these societal issues impact a large majority of the population in some respect and the governmental and institutional decisions taken about these spark intense emotions. These issues can range from health, environmental, technological, and general societal problems - both public and expert opinions are expressed compellingly.

Board governance mechanisms have experienced the focus of a range of reports in the United Kingdom, especially the Cadbury Report (1992) and the Hampel Report (1998). However, from these reports along with the support of the Green bury Report (1996)came the Combined Code of best practice.

The Republic of Seychelles comprises of approximately 100 islands located between 4 and 5 degrees south of the equator, with a longitude of between 55 and 56 degrees east. Many have described Seychelles as paradise on earth because of its relatively untouched natural environment that presents many species living in harmony with its human inhabitants.  

The report would be presented by initially providing a brief company overview and background of Abacus Business Advisors, Ltd. Subsequent sections would discuss the placement job details, the learning experience and the skills section, prior to providing the concluding remarks. Abacus is a chartered accountancy firm located in Leeds.

China began its economic reform from the year 1978. Since then the nation has experienced steady and rapid growth of per capita economic growth which is among the highest rates in global economic history. This dramatic post-1978 economic growth has been attributed to numerous global and internal factors.

The utilization and application of the guidelines established under International Accounting Standards (IAS) are geared towards the process of evaluating the factors under the category of accounting amounts, as a means to identify whether the process of reporting under IAS can be attributed to an accounting quality that is above par.

With FBT, the payments are subject to tax in the hands of the employer rather than employee. Chris Smith is an employee of Western Gate Pty Ltd. He has entered a remuneration agreement with the employer whereby he has both monetary and non-monetary fringe benefits. Fringe benefits tax will apply to both Chris and his employer for this agreement during the FBT year.

In this test, emphasis is placed on the comparison of two measures of variance: the Bipower Variation which is robust to jump contribution, and the Realized Variance which includes the contribution of jumps to the total variance. And based on a high-frequency data set of exchange rates, a statistically significant test of the difference between these two measures of variance provides evidence of the presence of jumps.

Generally speaking, in the financial markets, there are many types of investment vehicles, and currently one of the vehicles that pay some of the highest returns is hedge funds. Hedge funds are investment funds used to undertake different types of investment and trading activities, much like mutual funds.

With respect to this vehicular innovation, it is in the interest of authorities to evaluate in technical terms the true utility of the technology. Are hybrid vehicles ultimately efficient in the long run? Can they deliver on the promise of efficient transportation with reduced emissions? This section will investigate vehicle registration data and predictions of consumer demand based on the Thatchenkery analysis.

The term corporate governance has been discussed widely in corporate literature. According to Zingales (1998), factors such as distribution of ownership, board of directors, market competition, organizational structure; as well as capital structure play a key role in influencing the performance of a firm.