Finance & Accounting Essays

In 1852, Henry Wells and Henry Fargo founded the institution, and it has since then been expanding its operations. Wells Fargo and Company is one of the largest banks in the United States with 6,600 bank branches in 50 nations and a further 4000 mortgages and consumer finance offices.

This paper has focused upon the performance and measure of risk of mutual funds as well as models used to measure and testing volatility. Volatility testing and forecasting has been done in using different options of mean and variation specification of models that are further compared with proxies of factual volatility that is determined by making use of daily statistics.

A market bubble in economics refers to a sharp abnormal rise in the market price of a commodity or a set of commodities consistently, with the initial increase in the prices generating expectations of future rises, thus, attracting speculators whose interest lies in the trading profitability of such commodities rather than their earning capacity.

Historically, ABC started to become popular as an alternative approach to traditional cost accounting about three decades ago, where the latter has become increasingly proving its irrelevance. The increasing automation of production as compared to being labor-intensive, the multiple product lines compared to the small number of products being produced.

The Istisna contract falls under the category of manufacturing contracts. It was created by the Islamic Financial Institution in line with the Istisna believes. The contract is strongly related to the shariah.

The objective of this report is to analyse the financial structure of both companies with respect to corresponding industry where they operate. In order to analyse the financial structure, several key ratios have been analysed in this report which include, valuation ratios, profitability ratios, and financial strength ratios.

This project studied, particularly the consequences of interest rate volatilities of Turkish Money Demand for the period of 1990-2000. For the completion of the study, quarterly statistics of all variables were mainly used. In calculating interest rate volatility Kenen and Rodrik proposed one of the method i.e., moving-sample standard deviation method that is also used in this study.

A Comparative Analysis of Internet Banking in the United Kingdom and Thailand Faculty of Business, Environment & Society (BES) Master of Business Administration (MBA) Internet banking continues to present rapidly expanding customer numbers around the world because of the convenience offered to customers and a lower cost of service to banks.

The paper intends to examine and present importance of direct and indirect taxes and its implications; revenue generated by tax against total government spending; progressivity of income and corporation tax in UK; responsibility of notification of income and payment of tax for income tax and corporation tax separately.

This research aims to evaluate and present mutual funds as significantly different from most of the different kinds of available funds. Mutual funds are described as ‘open-ended’ implying that as the number of people investing in the funds increases, the fund too increases its shares or units as well.

This essay will inculcate the aspects of contract law with the support of cases and also review the Sale of Goods Act 1979 in answer contract between Tim and ABC Ltd. For an in-depth understanding as to whether the computer on display in ABC Ltd amounted to an offer to sell, it is important to distinguish an invitation to treat from an offer to sell.

Financial crimes occur in businesses when any kind of falsification takes place in accounting measures. This is generally carried out intentionally by the financial management team of a company for the purpose of convincing others with financial results that are false, thereby increasing the value of the company in the industry.

The capital requirements for setting standards for international banking system were found to be inappropriate. The credit risk instruments that were used before the crisis were not significant to mitigate risks. It was mainly because of poor portfolio management. The most significant regulation was the separation of trading book and banking book.

A summary of the data used to conduct the analysis and the methodology employed also will be followed by the presentation of the main findings of the analysis, along with a discussion of any limitations and possible recommendations. The VAR of a portfolio is the maximum loss expected to occur with a certain probability over a given time period.

The organization needs a full review of cost to recognize those regions which have not convened budgeted expectations. At present the firm uses both standard costing and absorption costing as a part of its approach to strategic management accounting. For this, we first report on the models and concepts which affect the pricing decisions.

The Maniac Plc deals with the sale and production of normal electrical goods. A full evaluation of costing requirements has been conducted by the organization to recognize those regions which have not met financial plan expectations. The models and concepts which affect the pricing decisions of a firm are management accounting decisions.   

This research presents the role of standard costing and variance analysis in management accounting and a critically discussion of the value and limitations of variance analysis as a means of identifying key areas which have contributed to the overall profit figure. The advantages and disadvantages of introducing an Activity Based Costing system to replace the current Absorption Costing system also will be discussed.

The paper uses probability measures to determine how frequent we anticipate various results to take place should we repeat a provided experiment repeatedly. The stakeholders of the four companies choose investment as a probability approach. The following data analysis is to present a standard report on the development of an event study of a statistical model of shares market data.

This research implements the systems-oriented legitimacy and stakeholder theoretical paradigms in examining communication strategies within Sainsbury’s Supermarket Limited. There exists a strong array of financial accounting theory that considers the implications of organizational communications within the spectrum of investment contexts.

The researcher of this paper aims to evaluate and present The Primary Effect of Foreign Bank Operations on the Developing Economies; Microeconomic Impact of Foreign Bank Entry into the Developing Countries: Structure, Conduct and Performance Studies; Effect on the Domestic Banks of Developing Nations and Impact on the Financial Sector of the Developing Economies

The paper will evaluate and present the cost of capital, the importance of cost of capital inefficient financial management of large companies, the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) in cost of capital, the argument against CAPM, the existence of optimal capital structure, analysis of the optimal capital structure of BMW.

The researcher of this essay aims to analyze several reasons which have led Canadian Solar to situation where the company is showing negative net income and one of the major reasons for Canadian Solar suffering from losses is the increasing competition and this report discusses different factors that have resulted Canadian Solar to be in loss.

Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) refers to the prerequisites and the investigation of facts related to management accounting regarding a particular business along with its contenders. This form of accounting proves to be greatly advantageous as it helps in the formulation and the examination of the business related strategy.

The current paper presents the details of the study, Determination of Timing of Activities and Total Float, Critical Path and Project Duration, Limitations of Network Diagram. The paper will also demonstrate duties and responsibilities of the project manager, examines Various Risks Likely to Affect the Execution of the Project:

In this study the researcher highlights the various methodologies like the value at risk, Mont Carlo VaR analysis, bootstrap method of analysis and the portfolio analysis. The study in this context analyzes the performance of the shares of the 4 companies namely Amec PLC, Lloyds Banking Group PLC, Lonmin PLC and Tesco PLC.

This research aims to evaluate and present the comparison of the progressivity of incoming tax and corporation tax in the United Kingdom. The discussion will also attempt to address the primary question framed as follows: For income and corporation tax, identify who is responsible for notification of income and payment of tax and when? Has United Kingdom felt the need to respond to competitive pressures and how?

At the start of a lease term, IAS-17 depicts that lessee should record the finance leases as liability as well as assets in the accounting books. In order to have the appropriate figure, the lessee is required to compare the fair value and the present value of the asset.

The information considers the elements of the petroleum industry. Broad ranging conceptual models are examined as they relate to capital market connections between external events and rising or declining oil prices. An analysis considers political, supply and demand, operational, risk, and investor forecasting elements.

Mothercare was founded in 1961 and continues to grow locally and worldwide, with total sales increasing by 16.3 per cent during last year and retail space by 20 per cent. International sales now represent around 50 per cent of total network sales.

This research paper examines the main practical considerations which are likely to influence a firm’s capital structure. The report will cover the following: management attitude; asset structure; debt tax shield; profitability of the firm; projected growth rate of the firm; the size of the firm; inflation and general economic conditions; control and business risk.

This paper presents a study on the Anglo-Dutch oil exploration firm Royal Dutch Shell plc and its response towards the oil spills in Niger Delta and its effects on the company’s major stakeholders.

The case study reveals that greed and unethical business practices were the root causes of Enron scandal. The Enron case scenario also points that the element ‘trust’ plays a significant role in determining the market position of a business. In addition, the Enron collapse also reminds auditors to be more vigilant while issuing an unqualified audit report.

This research is governed by the following research questions, which will aid in attaining objectives and aim of the research: Is there a difference between management accounting and financial accounting and does it benefit a business to incorporate both strategies in business? To understand this concept, it is of relevance to distinguish management accounting from financial accounting.

The traditional costing system had been a very common cost accounting system used during the 19th century. This report discusses the rise and the common use of the traditional costing system within many different manufacturing organizations.

The Role of Corporate Governance Mechanism of Independent Directors. In this paper the mechanism of independent directors under the guidelines of Corporate Governance will be analyzed to see how effectively it was designed and how well it has been implemented in the real life.

This paper seeks to explain the developments achieved in the business industry by applying the internet as the trading media and the flower business as a reference. The E-commerce concept normally involves distribution of the trading qualities over the internet and the transaction completed online. The final process normally involves the product delivery to the customer.

It can be derived from the report that the objective of financial accounting is to produce the financial reports like profit and loss account and balance sheet which is mainly used by the external stakeholders of the company, when the objective of management accounting is to suggest the future paths to the company management after analyzing the financial statements produced by the financial accountants and the cash flow statement.

Social Accountability Introduction Since the emergence of economic crisis, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and social accountability has emerged as an important consideration amongst the corporate member and regulators around the world.

From the research it can be comprehended that the banking reform in UK should make sure that there should be adequate protection of hard-earned money of consumers and there should be a fool-proof system should be in existence where no taxpayer money will be used to bail out the failed banks at least in the near future.

The researcher of this research will look into one of the tools use by organisations in creating intangible asset – advertising and whether advertising create sustained fair value for the company in the context of the on-going debate regarding the increasing importance of intangibles in the global market economy.

Bank Loans are used when a company needs to borrow a large amount of money. The cost of this money is interest being charged by the banks. The repayment schedule includes repayment of both principle and interest and usually this type of loan is collateralized.

A comparative analysis of shareholders rights in different jurisdictions Table of Contents 1Chapter 1 3 1.1Introduction 3 1.1.1Background of Research 4 1.1.2Aims & Objectives 5 2Chapter 2 5 2.1Literature Review 5 2.1.1Shareholders Rights in UK 7 2.1.2Shareholders Rights in USA 9 2.1.3Shareholders Rights in China 10 3Chapter 3 12 3.1Research Methodology 12 3.1.1Research Framework 13 3.1.2Data Collection 14 4Chapter 4 14 4.1Findings 14 5Chapter 5 16 5.1Comparison of Shareholders Rights 16 6Chapter 6 18 6.1Conclusion & Recommendation 18 References 20 Bibliography 24 1 Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction This paper makes a comparative study of the shareholder rights in three different countries: UK, USA a

Today, Human resource has been considered as the most important asset of any organization and therefore it is important for the management to make the most of these assets. Although, the role of human resource is somewhat restricted in manufacturing industry in comparison to service industry but despite of that, importance of human resource cannot be neglected in any of these industries.

The study aimed to assess the hedging strategies used by multinational organizations that have operations in diverse countries and hence are exposed to changes in exchange rates and interest rates. The airlines companies were selected for the research as they suit the profile of companies that can be exposed to the foreign currency risks owing to the nature of their operations.

This paper discusses the transformation in the banking system in the lead-up of the Global Financial Crisis. The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 has been one of the most devastating financial crises of all time. The Global Financial Crisis has been described by many economists as the worst financial crisis after the Great Depression of 1930s.

The work of investment advisors in consultancy firms primarily entails analysis of investment options to offer factual and professional opinion on the viability of the investment.

The researcher will discuss a problem in a company in a certain industry. The researcher will provide a proposal in which he will argue about the problem, afterwards he will present researches on the effect of that problem on the company and ways on how to solve the problem, finally he will present the outcome of the research including ways on how to overcome this problem.

This project aims to provide an analysis of Witan Pacific, in terms of objectives, structure, operations, investment portfolio, investment performance and management of the fund by Aberdeen Asset Managers and Nomura Asset Management.

Detailed Proposal Abstract: The paper will provide a comparison of financial analysis of two major retailer companies in UK namely Sainsbury plc and Tesco Plc. Both these companiers are the leading food retailers in United Kingdom and they are the well known public listed companies in UK.

The Lehman Brothers Collapse during the 2008-09, period is believed to be a very significant as well as interesting topic in the field of Finance as it illustrates the financial blunders committed by the management of the company alongside its long term effects on securities markets.