Victims Role and Rights in Criminal Law Essay Samples and Topics Online

Intellectual property

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ntellectual property law ensures that authors and artists are given their earnings through official distributors for recordings of this creative and intellectual work.... cquiring the works with this method is similar to stealing,as per copyright law,hence it is must to reaffirm,and even extend,copyright law to criminalise the use of networkers who copy others' work.... (Aplin & Davies, 2010) Intellectual property law ensures that authors and artists are given their earnings through official distributors (record companies, for example; Economists refer to these as “property stewards”) for recordings of this creative and intellectual work, which eventually give money to the authors and artists....

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Benefits of Increased Knowledge and Awareness of Child Abuse

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Each legislation or statutory law, covering the protection of children falls into two broad categories of civil law and criminal law.... The second division of criminal law deals with offenders of children's rights, or those just about to offend children.... This law stipulates that every person who is a grown up or considered mature by law has the responsibility of protecting and safeguarding every child that works or lives with them, such as their children, their nephews and nieces, or street children....

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Basing Sentencing on Retributive Principles

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But in the last three decades of the twentieth century, it has gained a lot of popularity among law makers, political philosophers and criminal law theorists1.... Another reason why sentencing based on retributive principles leads to less punitive range of outcomes is that punishment based on it inculcates the law-abiding ideology11.... law Library - American law and Legal Information.... law Library.... < http://law....

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Exclusionary Rule and Its Role within Criminal Procedure

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Whether the arrest is a result of the latter or the former, the collection of evidence and the way in which the investigations are performed by the police often poses issues in criminal cases.... The Exclusionary rule under the fourth amendment was actually the reaction against the English law for general warrants (U.... During a case of Ohio versus Mapp, it was noted that if a criminal is set free, then it is the law which is setting him free itself, that is the constitution and hence the fourth amendment....

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A Conviction for Murder in the UK

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urder, wrote the law Commission, should 'be regarded as a special category of the act, requiring special treatment from the rest of the law of homicide'.... ustice, the United Kingdom branch of the International Commission of Jurists, captured its extraordinary standing when it declared that murder 'has a unique place in the law of England not only because it is the most heinous crime in the criminal calendar but also because it is the most serious crime for which the sentence is fixed by law....

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Issues in International Law

23 pages (6196 words) , Download 3 , Essay

The paper "Issues in International law" tells us about UN Charter.... In particular, the UN Charter governs the relationship among the 192 members of the United Nations as well as the relationship between members with non-members.... ... ... ... In other words, while member nations may have the right to individual defense, it can be viably argued that under the UN Charter, the primary responsibility for 'international peace and security' remains with the UN through the UN Security Council....

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Sexual Violence in East Africa: the Reasons for its Prevalence

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For instance, it has been established that law enforcement agencies to not respond with swiftness whenever there is the need to respond to sexual harassment of women in east Africa (Bass et al.... This report "Sexual Violence in East Africa: the Reasons for its Prevalence" investigates the situation of sexual harassment in Kenya, Uganda, and Rwanda with the focus on establishing areas of weakness in the process of implementing security measures aimed at protecting women from sexual harassment....

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Body Worn Camera in Policing

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According to Byrne and Marx (2011), crime prevention is often applied ubiquitously as a catchphrase that can be used in criminal justice-based and non-criminal justice-based programs.... In respect to crime prevention, Lewis and Lewis (2011) examined the role and impact of formal social control mechanisms, such as the deterrent impacts of the police and the information social control mechanisms with the centre of attention on the influence. ... The focus of this literature review is on On-officer video cameras in preventing crime and offending by the law enforcement agencies and the citizens. ...

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Sentencing on Retributive Principles Is the Most Effective Means of Producing Less Punitive Outcomes

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But in the last three decades of the twentieth century, it has gained a lot of popularity among law makers, political philosophers and criminal law theorists1.... nother reason why sentencing based on retributive principles leads to less punitive range of outcomes is that punishment based on it inculcates the law-abiding ideology11.... aw Library - American law and Legal Information.... law Library.... < http://law....

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Difference in Sentencing by Different Hong Kong Magistrates

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Gaylord et al (2009) also note that some people have been agitating for uniformity in criminal law.... Yes, uniformity is an integral element of criminal law.... They have perceived such sentences as being based on personal whims rather than the law (Jacobson & Hough, 2007).... These people argue that the children who engage in delinquent acts break the law just as any other criminal.... They should thus face the full force of the law just any other person....

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Mental Illness: Ethics and Laws

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The emphasizes emanates from the respect of humanity's ethics and rights which states that any individual has the capacity to give informed consent for the purpose of examination destined for medical process.... English law necessitates that medical professional prior to any assessment must attain consent from the patient, which will enable him or her to act backed by patient's willingness (Glover-Thomas, 2006: p.... Both law and ethics allow medical professionals to treat these patients with the absence of their consent, aiming at saving lives....

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The Economic Theory of Crime

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Economics of law Consider how economics of law can provide helpful insights into controlling an increase in crime rates Student's Name: ______________ ... The "supply" of crime is therefore affected only by 'supply' treatment programs like law enforcement; corrections etc.... aroupa Nuno, (2000) "The Economics of Organized Crime and Optimal law Enforcement" In: ... atyal Neal Kumar, (2002) Yale law Journal....

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The Crime Economics

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Economics of law Consider how economics of law can provide helpful insights into controlling an increase in crime rates?... The “supply” of crime is therefore affected only by ‘supply' treatment programs like law enforcement; corrections etc.... aroupa Nuno, (2000) “The Economics of Organized Crime and Optimal law Enforcement” In: ... atyal Neal Kumar, (2002) Yale law Journal.... ?? In: Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational law....

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Crime in International Context

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Furthermore, sometimes people may feel that the culprit of a transnational crime has not received a punishment that is proportional or equal to his or her offence; however, it is the country's law and regulation that allow that punishment for the crime as a result in order to draw a verdict that is acceptable to the legal system of both countries.... Vanderbilt journal of Transnational law.... ?Principles of International law.... "Recent Book on International law: Book Review - Universal Jurisdiction: International and Municipal Legal Perspectives"....

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US Supreme Court Decision in Georgia vs Randolph

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In addition, a determination will also be made of what roles do any of these themes, concepts, or conceptual dichotomies play in the law of confessions and in substantive criminal law.... ask 3 -In carrying out the task specified in guideline under task 2, the paper would situate the Randolph opinion within the broad landscape of criminal justice bringing to bear the themes, concepts, and dichotomies that are found working within the Randolph opinion with our knowledge and insight of criminal law generally....

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Crime Scene Investigator

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At times, the investigator may also be required to testify in a law court regarding their findings and the methods of processing that he/she used at the scene (Criminaljusticeusa.... He/she carries out two of the four steps in the admissibility of physical evidence for consideration by the court of law.... The major objectives of a crime scene investigator are to reconstruct the incidence, to determine the sequence of events, to determine the operation method, to reveal the intention, to uncover what was stolen and from where, to establish the criminal's activities prior, during and after the incidence, and to identify, gather, record and preserve all pertinent physical evidence (a crime scene's conditions) that begin the process of justice (Fish, Miller & Braswell, 2010)....

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The Death Penalty : Wrongful Execution

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When the law executes an innocent person through capital punishment, then this is wrongful execution.... Opponents of the death punishment argue that there are many instances when the law wrongfully executes a person, and once they are dead, nothing can be done further.... Introduction Societies use different modes of punishments to deter criminal activities and discourage future offences.... Additionally, research has shown that death penalty not only violates human rights, but also heartens a culture of violence and discriminates against minorities....

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Mainstream Media Perpetuates Rape Culture

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u/news/law-order/accused-jill-meagher-killer-and-rapist-adrian-ernest-bayley-will-fight-charges/story-fnat79vb-1226556434118 ... For instance, a cursory examination of the media evidences stereotypical portrayal of girls as sexist and men as powerless sexual victims (Advocates for Human rights 2009). ... dvocates for Human rights 2009, End the Sexualization of Girls and Young Women in Mainstream Media, viewed 16 Dec 2013, ... It also argues that the media has played a key role in perpetuating rape myths....

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Prisons and the Causes of Recidivism of Inmates

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criminal law.... In different prison sentence and prison conditions, the inmates may be influenced to propensity in criminal activities.... Many offenders will simply re-engage in criminal activity due to lack of education.... In many cases, prisoners are usually alienated and upon release they find themselves unable to conform to the social constructs and the rule of law.... Worse still, the rate of re-offending among ex-prisons has also been overwhelming despite the correctional measures of combating criminal activities....

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The Issue of Rape in America

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Although definitions of rape in every society, culture and nationality varies and considered very complex, the law provides basic situations or conditions for the commission of this crime.... According to this law, there are two types of aggravated sexual abuse.... The Federal criminal Code of 1986 has a different definition of rape.... It is a brutal violation of the rights of persons, especially women, over their bodies and well-being....

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What Is the Difference between a Social Bandit and a Celebrity Criminal

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The reality of India in the mid to late twentieth century is a fully modern industrial state with a huge deficit in terms of wealth distribution and rule of law.... She operated on the wrong side of the law, was captured, imprisoned, and made to pay the penalty of her crimes, and then emerged to capitalise on her popularity and take up a formal role as an elected politician.... From a higher class perspective, however, the stain of criminality, and stigma of low social class cannot be removed and this makes it very difficult for such a transformation to result in success in the political arena: “Even after they serve 14 years and even more in jails (as undertrials) and are set free by the law, people are taunted as criminals by articulate sections of the middle classes....

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South African Criminal Justice System

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The Roman-Dutch aspect of South African criminal law concerns the private law subjects including contractual agreements and family law as well as criminal law.... This is underpinned through entrenching the Bill of rights in law and a specialized supreme constitutional court.... The introduction of the Bill of Rights into the South African constitution has greatly impacted the country's procedural law through entrenching a number of procedural rights in favor of the arrested party....

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Analysis of the Colombian Peace Process

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Following significant progress towards reconciliation as well as enduring peace through the Victims and Land Restitution law enactment, the government of Colombia on September 2012, announced the start of peace talks with the country's guerrilla movement known as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Maldonado 268).... ollowing a significant progress towards reconciliation as well as enduring peace through Victims and Land Restitution law enactment, the government of Colombia on September 2012, announced the start of peace talks with country's guerrilla movement known as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) (Maldonado 268)....

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The Turnaround How Americas Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic

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ince people would not have proper living conditions in their absence, therefore, the police are tasked with imposing criminal law in order to maintain order and examine crime.... This review "The Turnaround How Americas Top Cop Reversed the Crime Epidemic" is focused on the police that is commonly known to be law administrators in the essence of order maintenance.... Reportedly, people believe that law implementation in the U.... have their law enforcement agencies controlled by the police that is most often called a 'police department....

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Criminal Law involuntary manslaughter; corporate homicide

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It brings organizations and the management within the purview of law and hence eligible to be tried in the court of law for apparent misconduct towards its.... ... ...

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The History of the Human Rights Law in Great Britain under the Common Law

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Subsequently, by the end of the eighteenth century, written constitutions of America and France included certain rights in them akin to human rights though not called as such.... If national courts cannot decide or the persons are not satisfied with the decision of the national courts, they should be allowed to approach the Court of Human rights in Strasbourg as per Article 34 which says that States should not hinder in anyway the exercise of that right.... s seen above the impetus to Human Rights Convention was World War II and the resultant Universal Declaration of Human rights in 1948 which was the provocation to the outrages of war....

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Dangerous Sexual Offenders Act 2006

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Other than enhancing the security levels of targeted members of the society, the development of dangerous sexual offences law was also aimed the protection of those perceived as offenders from the community.... An essential purpose of this law that is perceived as beneficial to the society is that it ensures that dangerous sexual offenders receive adequate punishment for their offences.... eywords: Western Australia, Bill, Act, law, enforcement ...

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Criminal Justice Authority

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in criminal law, prosecution is pursued by the state rather than individuals.... Civil laws are the rules and regulations which control grievances and transactions between the citizens in a society while criminal law concerns dangerous actions to the society (Jernigan, 2007).... criminal law provides definitions for crime and possible prescriptions for sentences for the committing of the crime in question (Government of Alberta, 2011).... Individuals ought to obey the law and ensure that they do not go against the rules set by the state....

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Torture: Universal Declaration of Human Rights

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The Handbook of Comparative criminal law.... Nevertheless, recent reports by Amnesty International show that there has been recurring use of torture by law enforcement authorities in countries such as China, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Syria, Iran, Israel, Uganda, Spain, Pakistan and Turkey.... Torture is also unethical from a deontological perspective as it is considered a violation of both domestic and international law.... An act of torture by itself is a violation of law therefore torture cannot be justified....

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Human Trafficking as a Modern-Day Form of Slavery

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The victim rarely present themselves to the authorities for reporting citing language barriers, fear and safety concerns regarding law enforcement procedures (Kempadoo, Sanghera & Pattanaik, 2015).... These individuals are re-exposed to such traumatic experiences in addition to having a criminal record to think about.... Moral, Legal and Ethical Issues surrounding Human TraffickingEthics play a huge role in fighting against human trafficking considering that each or business entity is guided by certain codes of conduct....

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The Ethical Dogma of Police Officers

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Civil force is that aspect of policing that is concerned with enforcing criminal law.... Civil force is that aspect of policing that is concerned with enforcing criminal law to curb crime, maintaining law and order, and protecting the lives and properties of citizens.... A police force is an organization of people who have responsibilities to maintain law and order, ensure the protection of public property, and control civil disorder.... The Ethical Dogma of Police Officers Introduction Police force is an organization of people who have the power in d by the to maintain law and order, ensure protection of public property and control civil disorder....

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The Legal Powers and Duties of Local Authorities in Relation to the Protection of Children

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This essay "The Legal Powers and Duties of Local Authorities in Relation to the Protection of Children" focuses on authorities that must pro-actively collaborate with community-based child rights advocates and social workers to afford the necessary protection.... Enjoyment of children's nationality and civil rights …………………………9 Establishment of Local Safeguarding Board ……………………………….... 2 Authorities, Laws and Enforcement …………………………………………15 Introduction The state and its constitution vested such right and power for government agencies and authorities to legislate, implement or enforce policies to protect civil rights, including the rights of the children to be protected from all forms of political or personal harms and to safeguard their interests....

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Victimless Crimes

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Hess and Wrobleski, the authors of “Police Operations”, maintained that the role of the law should be limited particularly in dealing with victimless crimes since the category of the said crimes is a misnomer.... This paper aims to identify and discuss the notion of victimless crimes and evaluate the behavior in terms of wrongfulness and the proper role for the law related to Community Oriented Policing.... However, one must understand that the concept of harm in victimless crimes may be different but certain behaviors following these acts can be defined as criminal by the law....

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The liability of secondary parties in homicide in the UK

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The operation of Western Legal Systems shows that the criminal law exhibits two separate paradigms of responsibility.... he operation of Western Legal Systems shows that the criminal law exhibits two separate paradigms of responsibility.... he operation of Western Legal Systems shows that the criminal law exhibits two separate paradigms of responsibility.... This research paper will also give prominence to the fact how international humanitarian law deals with the joint criminal enterprises unleashed by a state and its officials against a race or community and how they will be considered under the international criminal law as delinquent....

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Understanding Traumatic Migrant Sex Workers and Trafficked Women

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ders strive towards eradication of human trafficking and protection of the victims, the need is indigenization of the welfare programs according to the social and political needs of the particular country.... The growing rate of human trafficking and migration for the purpose of becoming sex workers affect mostly women and children who serve the purpose of prostitution....

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The Importance of Law

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in criminal courts, defendants accused of crimes but not yet found guilty of anything languish in jails awaiting the lengthy processes of trial while victims of crimes feel deprived of anything approaching equal access to the scope of rights afforded to those accused of crimes.... The paper "The Importance of law" highlights that although law and order is not the responsibility of the courts, in case of violation by any individual or group courts decide the penalty....

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The Importance of Law

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in criminal courts, defendants accused of crimes but not yet found guilty of anything languish in jails awaiting the lengthy processes of trial while victims of crimes feel deprived of anything approaching equal access to the scope of rights afforded to those accused of crimes.... The aim of the research of this paper is evaluating the importance of law.... It has been investigated that how Courts in England work, how they are administered and governed under the law....

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The Methods of Human Trafficking Overcoming

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federal law, trafficking is, for practical purposes, often interchangeable with prostitution, since most pimps use “force, fraud or coercion,” and minors cannot legally consent” (Hunt, S.... Consequently, the modern time of financial crises and political revolutions provokes the development of this criminal sphere.... Human trafficking is a criminal offense related to the sale of people, which presupposes their recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt under the threat of force or its application, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, abuse of power in order to achieve the consent of one person for the total control over another person, as well as other transactions in his respect....

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Ethics and Law Enforcement: Police Brutality and Racism in the US is Unethical

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For this reason, police have the primary responsibility to keep a peace and enforce criminal law in accordance with their specific mission and prerogative.... "Ethics and law Enforcement: Police Brutality and Racism in the US is Unethical" paper explores the issues of racism and brutality in the police force in the US.... Ethics and law Enforcement: Police Brutality and Racism in US is Unethical Introduction The rate of police brutality and racism is very high in the United States than in other developed nation....

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Racial Profiling in Police Work

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Decisions made must be concrete and specific in relations to the rules of criminal law thus creating a situation where there is respect for all.... In this circumstance, the deontological view is that police officers' role and obligation is to promote rule of law, equality and condemnation of racial profiling.... Whereas to a small extent the police officers may be justified in profiling such minority groups, it's however to a large extent an abuse of due process of law because the innocent are often times discriminated, segregated and even prosecuted for nothing on grounds of colour and cultural back ground....

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A Critical Analysis of New Labours Youth Justice Policies from 1996-2009

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The savage looting of establishments, the injuries caused to innocent civilians and the wanton destruction of property by masked thugs must be condemned, and their perpetrators should be prosecuted to the full extent of the law.... The savage looting of establishments, the injuries caused to innocent civilians and the wanton destruction of property by masked thugs must be condemned, and their perpetrators should be prosecuted to the full extent of the law, but the question remains: how does one address the deeper issues that have created the conditions for this crisis?...

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Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation

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The decline of defense counsel and the rise of accuracy in criminal adjudication.... n contrast to inquisitorial system, the judge in an adversarial system acts as an umpire and arbitrator for the clarification of law.... The judge is the referee and arbitrator on issues related to clarifying what the law is.... California law Review , 1,585–1,645. ... Williams, Psychology and law: An empirical perspective (pp....

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Violence Against Refugees

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Both uprootings cited by Xenos place the refugee outside the confines of the nation-state, within which traditional norms and rules exist and rights are allowed to be expressed. ... Section I, Article of the ECHR states that "Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law.... No one shall be deprived of his life intentionally save in the execution of a sentence of a court following his conviction of a crime for which this penalty is provided by law....

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Gun Control and Its Effects on Crime Rates

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For this reason, they note that despite the law-enforcement against firearm acquisition, the weapons are easily accessible.... To illustrate the impact of a proper enforcement of gun control, statistics reveal that since the imposition of Brady law in February 1994 and assault-weapon ban from the September of the same year, crime rate decreased 30 percent for minors between 10 and 17 years (Lott, 2003).... e notes that concealed-carry law is only beneficent when guns are issued to law-abiding citizens with no medical ailments and criminal records....

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The Sequences of Events in a Homicide Case

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The court of law also plays a major role in a homicide case as discussed in this paper.... It is a division of the law enforcement force.... Depending on the case it may or may not be a criminal action.... For example in the case of a defense strategy, after a comprehensive investigation the homicide may not be ruled out as a criminal act.... The management for the synchronization of a homicide investigation depends on the criminal Investigation Department/ Division....

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Changes in government policy towards domestic violence

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It is essential for the criminal justice system to intervene and prosecute perpetrators of violence to women and children in order to improve protection and safety for abused women and children.... In the statute domestic violence is an undefined term.... Domestic violence consists of a series of abusive incidents, used by one person to control and dominate another with whom they have, or have had, a family relationship....

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Americas Current and Likely Future Role in Transnational Crime

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This convention helped in preventing crimes through ordinary toolkit of criminal law methods done in international cooperation.... has witnessed a considerable amount of immigrations from all over the world, with so many people from around the world with commercial and social networks; it becomes very difficult to enforce the law.... has witnessed a considerable amount of immigrations from all over the world, with so many people from around the world with commercial and social networks; it becomes very difficult to enforce law....

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Police Administrative Investigations

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But, as Welch (2007) noted, more people from the minority ethnicities are more likely to engage in criminal behaviors due to systematic economic exclusion, and there is thus the misconception that police target them for crime.... The court held that police officers are bound by law to critically and sanely evaluate the position of the supposed law breaker before deciding on the right amount of force to use against them (Thomson Reuters, 2014). ...

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Incarceration Alternatives

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he conditional suspended sentence offers the offender a warning that they risk facing a jail time or other sentences if they are found on the wrong side of the law again.... It can be regarded as a suitable alternative especially in solving the problem of overcrowding in the prisons because the offender will always count their luck of missing out on the incarceration sentence and will therefore be careful to avoid being caught on the wrong side of the law again (Sevdiren, 2011)....

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Ethical Conducts of Police Officers

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The paper "Ethical Conducts of Police Officers" suggests that ethics refer to established practices and standards of wrongful and rightful acts that professionals need to do in terms of specific virtues, benefits to the society, fairness, obligations and rights to people.... Ethics refer to established practices and standards of wrongful and rightful acts that professionals need to do in terms of specific virtues, benefits to the society, fairness, obligations and rights to people (Cahn, 2009)....

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Essays on Victims Role and Rights in Criminal Law