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However, there are times when rewards intended to encourage or promote a certain plan for the good of the economy can accidentally or coincidentally bring about an event that does harm. Such policies and incentives will then become perverse economic incentives.
(ii) The scatter diagram of annual salary versus years of post-secondary school education is presented in figure 2, in the appendix. From the diagram, the underlying relationship between these variables i.e. annual salary and the years of experience is positive correlation i.e. annual salary is increasing with increasing years of experience.
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Reliability gives researchers confidence and also ensures that worthless and misleading data is not unnecessarily collected. Amaratunga et al., (2002) describe a valid measure as “one which measures what it is intended to measure”. If the same results in the same circumstances come up repeatedly, the measurement procedure is considered reliable even if it is measured by different people.
The enterprises became more efficient with the help of the private sector and the change in business philosophy which enable the new corporation to meet the corporate goal of increasing its shareholders' wealth. The enterprise's success also indirectly accomplished the original traditional government objective of the SOE.
Examples of companies that fall into the market are cement companies, car companies, electrical appliances companies. Here the consumers have a choice and the prices are set by each firm. In these markets, the oligopolistic differentiate their products and the quality of products can be very different for each firm.
Following the end of World War II in 1945, western countries experienced a high wave of economic growth. Britain was in that pact that enjoyed the unprecedented times of unusually high and sustained growth together with bursting employment. Britain was flourishing in raising real income rate, a raising high consumption of goods and services.
The recessionary effects become visible in the economy, the rational individuals and businesses will actually reduce their wages and prices thus increasing the purchasing power of the dollar. This increase in the purchasing power of the dollar is considered as equivalent to the increase in the money supply.
The merchants were given foremost priority under mercantilism and the interests of the bourgeoisie, above all the commercial bourgeoisie, were expressed under the system. Merchants' higher position was justified by the fact that trade and circulation of money was the main economic activity under this economic system.
Specifically, the presence of high unemployment rate is considered a major problem in the local and international labor markets (Gupta, 2008, p. 62). Even though a country is active in terms of its economic activities, a large number of working individuals who are out of employment becomes one of the major concerns of the government and its local citizens.
The new international economic order does contain some supply-side constraints but some significant contributions of it cannot be denied. It should be also admitted that some changes brought about by it did not have any significant impact. However, the global contribution of the new international economic order becomes difficult to identify.
Globalization was considered as the wave of the future when it first appeared to unite countries into one global economy for the mutual benefits, which presumed global integration and interdependence in the technological, economic, social spheres. The core intention of promoting globalization among countries had positive purposes to make the world more mature, connected and interdependent.
In its early stages mode of life was simple with few people, but as the population increased the question of its management became pivotal. A market economy and a command economy are the two forms of an economy that are often debated. Proponents of free-market mechanisms consider the least government interference as the ideal form of government.
The paper shows that research conducted has shown that the CAPM model can stand up on the criticism leveled on it by the advocates of other models. As already discussed the other extended models that include factors other than a market index can explain only for very minimal variations in the expected return.
Due consideration has been given to macroeconomic policies, inflation trends, exchange rates and political lobbying that might have deep impacts on corporate economies. Greater focus has been laid on the US, UK and Eurozone economies. However due consideration has been accorded to West Asian, Indian, African and other developing economies.
The American economy after the civil war was showing tremendous progress with proportionate increase in its population during the three decades between 1870 and 1900. Gross Domestic Product of the country touched an envious growth level during that period with historic achievements in almost all economic ventures.
In perfect competition, there is fierce competition among the firms. Consumers benefit directly from it. Due to the immense competition, there is the best allocation of resources. Consumers stand to gain the most in a perfect competitive structure. No firm is in a position to influence the price. Therefore, there are fewer chances of price manipulation.
The author of the paper states that rice is one of the major agricultural commodities. The basic assumption of this study is that rice would be high on the list of priorities for Singaporean firms engaged in or entering the export trade because it is in demand as part of the staple diet of many countries.
The fallout of criticism of Mercantilism by Adam Smith the belief began to fade and by the late 18th century, most nations began adopting the theories put forth by him and other classical economists. Beginning with British Empire and followed to a lesser degree by European nations Mercantilist theories were replaced by Free Market Economies.
Gross Domestic Product is a measure of the level of income yielded by an economy over a stipulated period – generally, this time period varies between one quarter and a complete year. It is actually an estimation of the size of the market underlying the economy on the basis of goods and services sold in it through the specific time span.
The development of commercial activities around the world is depended on a series of factors. Most commonly, the political and financial conditions in the targeted markets are of critical importance for a firm’s managers – when the latter has to design and apply the firm’s strategic plans regarding its expansion within the international market.
In order to develop a country, it is essential that the social variables also experience improvement. The growth objectives taken for MENA countries are not just trade oriented as it also focused on sectors like education and health. This shows that the IMF and World Bank have taken appropriate steps to improve the economic status of these countries.
Transport, education, work and pensions, culture, law and environment officials are the first to experience the effects of reduced government spending. Excessive government spending is believed to negatively influence economic growth incentives and labor productivity; simultaneously, government spending is needed to support the most problematic economic sectors, including welfare, and health.
The measures are good in essence as they accord potentials for improving access to increasing welfare and economic benefits to the population and the nation. It is pertinent that a closer evaluation of current immigration policies is undertaken to pinpoint the weaknesses and flaws that continue to encourage illegal immigrants in the American soil.
The southward fall of the US stock markets have to be really plugged, which could make things better for the US economy, since it would revitalize the whole beaten economy and at the same time bring back the foreign investors who have been closely watching the state of affairs of the US stock markets and the US economy in general.
Nobel laureate Paul Krugman who predicted a series of depression in his book Return to Depression Economics has compared the magnitude of this recession with the Great Depression of the forties. Termed as the Great Recession, it affected the lives of millions of people around the world and saw the fall of several financial institutions.
The European System of Central Banks (ESCB) constitutes all national central banks of member states and the European Central Bank (ECB), which was incepted in 1 June 1998. All these have embraced a single currency, the euro, forming what is commonly known as the Eurosystem. ESCB plays a central role in strengthening price steadiness within the financial block.
One of the most important issues is pensions because they are affected by the changes that take place in the demographical growth of the population, funding pressures changed work patterns or mortality projections. We are going to see that in the not too distant future there will no longer be any such thing as a ‘’normal retirement date’’.
The chapter contains the examination of the Nigerian banking sector with regard to the provision and quality of online banking services. This examination enables highlighting the factors behind the failure/success of online banking in Nigeria. In order to conduct this examination, the secondary research findings are used along with the views.
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Many economists now believe that the current global economic crisis is the worst in History after the great depression of the 1930s. Quite understandably, not only it has affected people all around the world but it has also created a widespread debate about the current social and economic system, its compatibility, sustainability, and fitness.
The modern tax system of the United Kingdom also lays focus on reducing the amount of corporation tax amounts for big and small enterprises. Again, in regards to Capital Gains Tax the government of the United Kingdom as highlighted by the Chancellor of Exchequer to collect more from the richer sections through increased rates.
In general, Chinese economic growth has lessons for many other countries. The capital investment is crucial and is necessary but not sufficient for growth. The market-oriented reforms are crucial to harnessing these investments. Together they can unleash productivity spurt, which would be sustainable.
Immigration also brought many challenges to the UAE. The major disadvantage of immigration is the demographic imbalances in UAE. The immigrant population is much more in number in UAE compared to locals. The immigrant population may have different culture and languages which may destroy the local language and culture and can constitute unrest.
The recent global crisis of 2007 made the entire financial market topsy-turvy across the globe. However, it also unveiled some of the faulty and non-monitored banking practices prevailing in the financial sector which was actually the budding stage for this fiasco.
Generally, it is quite essential to state that basically, decreasing the interest rate may not encourage people to save their money in banks. Instead of saving money in the local banks, lowering the interest rate could only encourage more people to borrow money from banks for some investment purposes.
Generally, it is essential to state that financial reforms in the way of curtailing benefits of the existing rich for the betterment of the actually excluded can solve the problem. The present way to promote France as an invertor’s paradise at the paid tax of the common people is also not beyond criticism.
Argentina is the second-largest country in Latin America. It is surrounded by Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay, and Chile. Its area of 2766890 Square Kilometer makes it the eighth largest nation of the world and with an estimated population of 40,913,584, it is the third-largest country in Latin America, while standing 30th in the world in terms of population.
It is very difficult to categorize types of unemployment as voluntary or otherwise without overlap. This has turned out to be true based on the fact that we have found at least a voluntary aspect in each of the types of unemployment albeit most of the types are more involuntary than they are voluntary.
While concluding, one can see from the findings that the economy has been performing well in the recent past. However, the global economic crisis of 2008 made the Irish economy fall sharply and it is very hard for the current government of Cowen to convince its citizens of the soundness of its policies.
The federal government of the United States is limited in its power to only those powers granted to it through the single document of the United States Constitution. In spite of this, the federal government might be considered to have a surprisingly strong grasp on the ability of states to make their own laws and regulations.
The paper discusses whether the new members of the EU would enjoy more benefits or the existing 15 ones would do it better. The results of the enlargement depend on some scenario building, the conservative one with less optimism may lead to fewer risk premiums. Furthermore, the aggressive models may also lead to huge benefits for both the zones.
The first and foremost beneficiary of the stimulus package would be the communities. About $800 Million were allocated for various community infrastructure projects to help improve amenities like school buildings, parks, community areas, playgrounds, etc. Such a flow of funds naturally stimulates the construction industry.
During the period of mid nineteen nineties till 2007, the country had an exceptional run, with near perfect economic indicators. It was believed that an era of low-tax (Independent, 2004, “Low-tax policies created the Tiger”) coupled with the positive influence of globalization spurred the growth which many countries are now trying to replicate.
The fundamental underlying feature of economic rationalism is that it is both theoretical and practical, because the private sector, as claimed by the rationalists, is more efficient and productive than the state apparatus, while theoretical with regards to the belief that freedom for individuals should not be restricted.
Both marginal and absorption costing are important for organizations like Ball Dolbear Ltd. as it is very difficult to suggest any specific costing technique for a specific organization. However, the marginal costing technique is generally considered as the more preferable option as the statements are obtained from this technique.
It aims to deprive the common man who is willing to go the normal route do something different in order to satisfy his need. Corruption is blatantly observed in politics and in some institutions; where a number of people make wrong use of power and authority and hence accept things which are normally not meant for them, whilst being in their respective capacities.
The theory of Comparative Advantage was made official by the famous economist David Ricardo. The main idea of this theory is that it is most beneficial for the members of a society to specialize in what they do best. Specialization is practiced throughout the world by almost every country. It deals with excelling in a particular field and creating a competitive advantage in that field compared to the other countries and regions.
Most of the macroeconomists agree that the inflation level and employment level are the prime indicators of the performance of an economy. These variables provide a clear picture of the implementation of policies, and whether they are hitting the bull’s eye or not? Any economy would want inflation to be as low as possible and would like to achieve a high rate of employment.
Along with Keynesian economics, Neoclassical economics is one of the most vital forms of economics used by economists of the world today. Furthermore, neoclassical economics is widely used in the study of microeconomics. Lately, Neoclassical economics have been subject to a variety of criticisms, especially from the schools of Keynesian economics and the Austrian school.
A result of this is that the OFT will have to step in and look at the effects of these larger companies as they control the market and if this will mean that the government will have to take action. The labor market becomes an important factor in the way that funds are used within the company budget as pricing control affects the number of employees and the rate of pay available.
It would be sound to suggest here that the world’s poorest countries need a beacon of hope in order to survive in the coming times. The international business domains must come ahead and perform their roles in such a way that the world’s poorest countries do not feel left out of the related equations.