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In most of the countries, securitization of mortgages is being carried over the private sector. The same should be followed in the U.S.A. To develop competition and minimize moral peril, the GSE’s are privatized and they should be disintegrated from the probable lending units with the “federal government.”
Gross income includes almost everything that a person earns under the sun. Anything that gives monetary benefit to the taxpayer must be included as part of his gross income although there are those which can be excluded as exceptions like retirement privileges and state welfare benefits in certain territories.
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10 pages (3166 words)
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, Research Proposal
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The challenges increase with the increase in age. There are some studies that indicate the poverty is higher in the older section of the elderly population. This paper provides the research background, theoretical framework, research questions, research methodology, research design, analysis and discussion, timeline, and budget of the research.
Hansen (2007) states that though the US is still the powerhouse of the economies it is now commencing its demise. Major factors on economic declination in the recent years have been due to consumer debt related to loans, bankruptcy filings, the financing of wars, ineffective use of our natural resources and over extension of sub-prime lending.
Singapore is the world’s 18th largest exporter of merchandise with exports three times higher than those of India. Singapore also ranks the 13th in the world in exports of commercial services (Huff, 1994). The location of Singapore is of prime importance. Singapore is considered a hub and a port for world trade due to its geographical position.
This paper critically evaluates the rationale and challenges of the current financial crisis and posits that recent macroeconomic policy resulted in false assumptions, which failed to account for the actual capital/risk ratio. As a result, lending and investment in reliance on the weak macroeconomic model eventually culminated in a domino effect.
The cash for clunkers program was aimed at stimulating the American economy through the reforms in the automotive sector which was severely affected by the economic recess. But the plan failed to fulfill the objective because of the failure in the implementation of it. In short, Cash for Clunkers plan was a right step wrongly executed.
7 pages (1750 words)
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Demand and supply are two major concepts of economics. Every economy is developed and functions based on these concepts. Demand works on a basic law of ‘the quantity of a good demanded per period of time will fall as the price rises and rise as the price falls, other things being equal (ceteris paribus)’ (Sloman and Sutcliffe).
The HDI is used to measure the stages of development of a particular country and it focuses upon a series of indicators in order to do so. Sustainable development, the belief that development can and should sustain itself, promotes development today and also in the future. Economic and social development is said to be sustainable.
Increase in job opportunities has not done any good for its human resources in term of remuneration. Many automakers like General Motors, Volkswagen, and DaimelChrysler showed signs of reducing labour costs. Eichengreen states Germany is losing its manufacturing prowess because the expensive labour cannot compete with skilled cheap labour.
In general, it may be said that Canada’s economy has been well run in the past two years, including the period before and during the US financial crisis and its global contagion. Canada’s economy is ranked eighth largest in the world. The country’s superior economic strength relative to other countries is evident in the fact that “Canada’s economic performance has been among the best in the OECD” (OECD, 2008). The OECD report credits Canada’s strength to the manner the country’s economic planners and policy makers took advantage of strong global growth and favourable terms of trade before the crisis.
globalization has played a significant role in almost every sector of human society inclined most of states to create their policies while considering global issues. The recent wave of economic recession has affected most of the sectors, especially business and economic sectors that are still endeavoring to cope with the effects of economic recession.
7 pages (1750 words)
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If the production and use of goods are not efficient or effective in the market, it is a market failure condition which is not desirable either for the manufacturers or the consumers. Market failures can be caused by many factors like the current economic recess, governmental policies, changing customer behaviors etc.
Following the outbreak of the global recession, a number of governments around the world including Australia under Prime Minister Kevin Rudd initiated a number of fiscal and monetary policy actions to help combat the recession. As concerns fiscal policy, many governments were forced to reduce taxes and increase spending.
This piece of research work identifies the two most important shreds of evidence of demand-pull inflation and credit crunch that support the argument that credit is not essential for the functioning of the economy to the whole extent. This work emphasizes that credit means more money in circulation that is inflation. Liberal credit is the main reason behind the increased number of repayment defaults.
China - Population Growth
The government is omnipresent in Chinese society and has played an important role in shaping family life in mainland China. Chinese society is intensely family-oriented and the family, as opposed to the individual, is
Modigliani and Miller's debt irrelevance proposition holds in perfect markets, where markets are complete, without any imperfections and externalities. In reality, however, capital markets have imperfections and externalities. These provide incentives to firms to borrow, which leads to the three other theories of capital structure.
Reserve Bank of India is striving to provide liquidity in the banking market by cutting different rates such as Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR), Repo Rate, Bank Rate, SLR etc. Various provisions have been taken to facilitate foreign investment in the Indian market. Various cost-cutting efforts have been taken.
The author states that explicit costs are “money” payments made by a firm to the factors of production such as rent paid on land, wages paid for labor, interest paid on borrowed capital etc., while implicit costs include all “non monetary” payments which could have been made to self-employed resources such as rent for self-owned land.
This paper presents the article from Stanford University done by Marguerite Religioso that goes to prove in her article… that debt relief is possible only for some poor nations. She cited that the International Monetary fund has been continuing its efforts to come up with an instrument that would help the poor countries who are heavily indebted.
For years cows have been artificially inseminated. The result was the production of equal numbers of male and female calves and hence equal numbers of cows and bulls. The price of cows was above the price of bulls (partly due to price supports for milk). Show this market equilibrium on two supply and demand curves.
The author states that when economist John Maynard Keynes published his book The General Theory of Unemployment, Interest, and Money in 1936 which challenged the classical norms of economics, he opened the door to a new economic theory called macroeconomics. Thus, the study of economics has formally divided itself into two broad fields.
9 pages (2250 words)
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The United States is in presently in the worst financial crisis since the Depression of 1929. In the wake of the Cold War, the United States of America emerged as the dominant global economic and military power and ushered in a new world order of capitalist-inspired economic growth and prosperity.
8 pages (2000 words)
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Reliability gives researchers confidence and also ensures that worthless and misleading data is not unnecessarily collected. Amaratunga et al., (2002) describe a valid measure as “one which measures what it is intended to measure”. If the same results in the same circumstances come up repeatedly, the measurement procedure is considered reliable even if it is measured by different people.
Camdessus (1997) contends that globalization comes with a cost and the risks can never be totally eliminated. Countries are faced with challenges which are not possible to handle alone. The support of the advanced economies becomes essential to integrate the developing economies into the global economy, to open their markets, and to offer investment opportunities. However, there are risks in tapping global markets because markets can be slow to reacting to changes in the economic conditions or they may over-react with brutal force.
13 pages (3422 words)
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In response to addiction to tobacco-delivered nicotine among grown-ups, governments can provide funds for the expansion and delivery of educational materials and courses. They can provide adequate encouragement to the health care providers to make the best possible use of suitable therapies and services.
Summary Economics is an important of study because it deals with the availability of resources and the reasonable and balanced allocation/ supply of these resources to consumers according to their requirement. Resources are products and services
The decision of outsourcing also results in political overtones in the home country. After a new president took over the establishment in America, there were demands the outsourcing decisions of companies must be reviewed. There were suggestions to the effect that the additional tax burden is put on the companies resorting to such decisions.
They argue that “by managing at the level of deep structure in social systems, organizations can gain some influence over self-organizing processes which are typically regarded as unpredictable in the social sciences”. A micro approach towards studying may well guide us in formulating a theory of organizations.
One can therefore rightfully conclude that the sector of agriculture in the Bulgarian economy has the biggest potential to increase the economic output of this nation. Therefore, the policymakers in the government should concentrate and make the necessary changes to this sector to realize its full potential.
The policies adopted by the government of India are quite favorable and encourage foreign investors to establish businesses within the country. Also, its political system is quite stable, a factor that much affects foreign investment in a country – no wonder the United Kingdom has accepted the country as one of its main strategic trading partners.
In 1999, this number had grown vastly since the number of registered enterprises stood at around 2.9 million. In addition to the registered enterprises, there were a good number of unregistered ones operating in the former Soviet Union. Despite the high level of rising in the enterprises, number, it has not triggered economic output rise as well.
The paper "Difference Between a Monopoly, an Oligopoly and a Cartel" is an excellent example of a research paper on macro and microeconomics. In a market structure of monopoly, there is only one firm as a seller but there are many buyers. An oligopoly market consists of a few independent firms, which compete with each other, and any new firm’s entry is impeded.
The increase in the price of domestic goods relative to foreign goods tends to lower net exports by stimulating imports and depressing exports, thereby offsetting the increase in net exports that is directly attributable to the trade restriction. Protectionist policies do however affect the amount of trade that takes place in an open economy.
This essay has traced the antecedents to the current wave of globalization with an emphasis on key global events: the social revolution of the 1960s, the economic crises of the 1970s, neo-liberalism in the 1980s, followed by Communist collapse and the emergence of authoritarian capitalism in East Asia.
14 pages (3834 words)
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Moreover, the research process should not be conducted without obtaining the prior permission of the participants and respondents. “According to Churchill and Peter (1995)”, Smadi (2008: p 7) states, “an organization’s social responsibility is an acceptance of accountability to society for its actions, and those ethics are viewed as the principles, values, and standards of conduct.”
According to Cronk (1996), the modern-day consumer is strangled in a web of myths spun by the mass media to aid the global onslaught of capitalism. In the media-produced hyper-reality, our choices in the form of brands are already made for us. Cronk (1996) laments the loss of cultural values to economic growth and self-knowledge to consumerism.
5 pages (1250 words)
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The forces of demand and supply are important in determining the price of a commodity in the market. When equilibrium is reached, the producers offer the same quantity that is needed by the consumers, which is significant in ensuring that the market operates without a shortage or surplus of commodities.
In choosing between consumption and saving i.e. whether an individual would prefer to have a marginal unit of income to consume now or at some other time in the future can depend on certain facts: the individual’s estimate of the future, the intensity of his wants now and their expected intensity in the future and the amount of income and expected income in the future time.
The author of the paper states that a competitive environment is beneficial for society as a whole, comprising of both the consumers and the producers. Now, competition can be the price as well as a non-price one. Price competitions are those that desperately aim to hike the sales through curtailing price.
8 pages (2065 words)
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, Book Report/Review
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Peddling Prosperity book by Paul Krugman is a great contribution from Krugman on economics and policymaking. Anyone interested in understanding how the policymaking framework in the US have been developed over a period of time and role of different individuals in such policy-making process shall read this book.
Until September 2008, European policy measures to combat the recession only really existed in a few countries. Many of the bigger economies hadn't done much. Measures were quite limited and mostly focused on tax rebates and trying to fix up the housing sector of the economy which had been devastating to Ireland and Spain for example.
The custom of minimum wage rule is often said to have first expanded in New Zealand and Australia about the spin of the century. Primarily it was applied in these two nations as an element of the process for the aversion and decision of industrial clashes. The policies approved with regard to minimum wages have shown apparent diversifications.
The whopping total cost of the crisis is equivalent to around a fifth of the entire globe's annual economic output and includes capital injections pumped into banks in order to prevent them from collapse, the cost of soaking up so-called toxic assets, guarantees over debt and liquidity support from central banks
11 pages (2750 words)
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Despite the recent news of France and Germany coming out of recession, the story cannot be considered to be over. there are significant challenges ahead and much needs to be done in terms of restoring confidence into the financial markets and the consumers, two main sources of ensuring stability and continuance for the Euro.
12 pages (3000 words)
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This paper tells that we could easily delineate what labor market is but going through the set of policies itself is comprehensive that one might actually mistake it as a conventional dogma for future economic undertakings when assuming, it really gives an overview of policies to improve the state’s employment programs.
The Eighth World Congress of the International Industrial Relations Associations held at Brussels in 1989 concluded that the emerging socio-economic changes, which are cosmopolitan in their perspective and scope, were increasingly infiltrating the industrialized economies, thereby eventually leading to marked changes in labor relations.
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Started raising its awkward appearance by the end of the last century, the contemporary economic recession has obtained a wide range of multiplication, affecting every market of the globe, and threatening the largest organisation too. It is particularly the case with oil companies, airline industry, banks and financial institutions.
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People use a lot of things that make life easier. All of those things save time for people who need to do their jobs and take care of their families. When people wake up in the morning, they turn on the lights, take a shower, prepare breakfast and then they use their cars to go to their desired destinations like schools, universities or jobs.
In new, international markets, a company must first establish brand recognition, which is the process of building initial awareness about a product brand (Kurtz, 2006). In order to build this awareness, many product brands that are first entering a new, international marketplace rely on promotion and heavy advertising in order to build this awareness.