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There is a noticeable forward movement towards Greek development, especially in the area of information technology. Greece has not been left behind in terms of broadband internet availability. It is quite widespread with almost 16 percent of the population having access to the internet mainly through ADSL 2.
The selection was then a trial-and-miss affair, and this unregulated trading brought the Wall Street crash that triggered the Great Depression of the thirties. In the forties, the approach to stock investing became more studied and academic pursuits sought to develop a logical and organized way of choosing stocks
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Economic slowdown and weakening dollar made BMW lose in the US market because it has one of the highest sales in the US market. The company has offset some of the losses in the US and Western Europe by exporting cars to emerging markets where growth still continues at a rapid rate. BMW has effectively tapped demand for smaller fuel-efficient vehicles that have demand in the market.
Today Egypt is considered as one of the steadiest markets which had put an end to centralization and domination of public sectors on the economy. A turnaround in Egypt’s economy is noticed, although there was some financial crisis in 1997 and after 9/11 event, the Egyptian government with some necessary policy measure stabilized the economy.
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According to the paper, a primary reason behind the wide exposure of the economy to the international arena is its extensively discussed export-led growth strategy which makes it susceptible to the proceedings carried on globally. The export-led growth strategy was adopted by the nation after the profound impact of the 1997 Asian financial crisis.
The former model is better as it provides a built-in price mechanism to consumers, offers them a variety of products and product substitute, enables competitive measures in the production sector, ensures that technological and product innovations occur constantly and as a result ensures that the overall economic system of the state becomes efficient.
Historians also tend to differ, as far as the onset of this economic decline is concerned decline. A majority of the historians identify the year 1873 as the time when Britain slipped into a prolonged era of economic slowdown. Others argue that the UK experienced remarkable economic growth in the period 1820-1830.
Today the world is changing rapidly and after a period of 30 years, we would experience a totally new form of the economic environment, which would not have many similarities with the past. Although the USA is considered to be the most powerful economy, its growth has sluggish in the past decades. It is not expected to undergo any rapid improvements in the recent future.
The theory of supply and demand states that equilibrium between the two initiates competition, therefore, self-stabilizing the economy. If supply is greater than demand than prices will drop therefore sparking an interest for the consumer to purchase. The reverse suggests that if demand is high, prices will increase as production has to be increased to meet the demand.
The Hellenistic civilization of Alexander the great emanated from Greek classical heritage had stretched its territories across the globe reaching to Egypt, India, Tajikistan and Afghanistan which introduced mixed marriages that brought the world closer to each other by understanding and mingling of different customs. (Anonymous, 2009)
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According to the paper, the subprime mortgage crisis was, therefore,e an inevitable outcome after the bursting of the housing bubble. The subprime loans were intricately structured in a layered complex financial model that revolved around many individuals and institutions unlike the traditional ‘prime’ loan that were more conservatively structured.
The entire economy of the world has been within the grip of an economic slowdown. The major economies like that of United States, Germany, Japan, and all other developed nations suffered the most simply because they have enjoyed the fruits of the good life whereas the developing countries have always suffered and may have felt the effects of the recession, only not as much as the mentioned power countries.
The U.S. economy was until recently the most significant in the world in terms of international trade. Thailand and the U.S. share roughly similar trade patterns in terms of trends, but the volume differences are great. Unlike Thailand, the U.S. has had a growing trade deficit. The U.S. is far more involved in international trade than Thailand.
Interest rate should have an indirect impact or exert some equilibrium effect via its impact on the total production or the stock market. To attend to this issue, we require a vast econometric model for the collaborative measurement of property management sector and the overall economy, which requires longer time series and more overall data.
The theory of Comparative Advantage was made official by the famous economist David Ricardo. The main idea of this theory is that it is most beneficial for the members of a society to specialize in what they do best. Specialization is practiced throughout the world by almost every country. It deals with excelling in a particular field and creating a competitive advantage in that field compared to the other countries and regions.
The sharp retardation in external demand in 2001 has intensified policy challenges in emerging economies. To help revitalize growth, many nations turned to fiscal and monetary policies to motivate household demand. There is as yet no agreement about what should be the suitable role of fiscal policy over the business cycle.
The political economy appeared as a science during the emergence of the capitalist mode of production and, it has always been a class science. Its representatives have always expressed the interests and ideology of a definite class. The history of political economy during the period of 1400-1800 can be classified into 1) the Mercantilism, 2) Bourgeoisie and 3) the emergence of communist ideas (Utopian Socialism).
Supporters of economic growth counter this argument by saying that economic growth leads people to care more about the environment. Once an economy develops, it fulfills its economic needs, and then it has more time to focus on the environment and other aspects of society. Economic growth is the only way, by which people can be trained to protect and improve environmental conditions. Therefore, these people see merits in economic growth.
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As the discussion highlights, the analysis here shows that where the globalization has somewhat positively affected India’s economy, it has left adverse negative effects on Nicaragua’s economy. The ongoing debate about globalization advocates and supports that it affects the economies and territories positively.
Growth in the foods retail industry based on high consumer demand might allow retailers to raise prices on many of its products simply to ensure even more profitability. At the personal consumer level, however, rising prices in many areas of consumer products, such as foods retail, can cause them to have the less disposable income to spend in other industries.
The result found emphasized the lack of capability by measures based on it because fundamentally, they do not answer social, cultural and other country-specific variables that characterize poverty. Measuring poverty is typically undertaken by establishing a poverty line or threshold that indicates the minimum income or consumption necessary to meet basic needs.
It is essential to state that the microbes persist to endure despite the fresh invention of Antibiotics. The latest surfacing of several viral and bacterial diseases is gaining fresh mutational advantages in causing uncharacteristic presentations and the rate of incidence of diseases and mortality (Rao, Susheela, & Kumar, 2007).
Income tax is charged at various rates on the income earned above the personal allowance, which is £6475 for the year 2009-10. The VAT registration is mandatory for companies whose business turnover has crossed the threshold limit of £67,000 for a year. The VAT is a tax on consumer expenditure and is charged at 17.50% on the supplies of goods.
The regional group, founded in 1967, has a combined population of about 583 million in 2008, spread across a geographical land area of 4.4 million square km, with a population density of about 132 persons per square km. The annual population growth rate is pegged at 1.5 percent while its per capita gross domestic product is around US$2500.
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According to the paper, the economic conditions of consumers have deteriorated as the purchasing power has lowered. Thus the consumers are more careful about how they spend their money. Previously when they went to different stores to buy different products, they now prefer to save on travel expenses and purchase products from a superstore only.
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As the discussion outlines, the shortage is a condition when the demand for a good or a service exceeds its supply in the market. In other words, it is the state of a disparity between demand and supply. Shortage may occur due to many factors such as hoarding, black marketing, price discrimination etc.
The principles of the WTO trading system are based on trade without discrimination, free trade, predictability, promotion of fair competition, and encouraging economic development and reform. The most-favored-nation (MFN) is required to treat other nations and peoples equally. If the MFN treats one nation a certain way, it must treat all of the WTO nations the same. This applies to all other WTO members.
The involuntary adoption of the purposive interpretation of a statute so as to craft glosses on to it, which are not text-based is also a purpose of the statutes’ construction. The British court’s attitude was based upon the perspective of the court’s role. The main role played by tax law statutes in the UK is that of courts’ interpretation.
There was a severe decline in trade union density since 1979 experienced in both the public and private sectors. Several reasons contributed to the decline in trade union activity and number, the changes in British industrial relations was considered to be the main cause. The government didn’t see the role of the trade unions as a productive one.
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A financial crisis is a situation in which the demand for money outpaces money supply – available money is withdrawn from banks rapidly evaporating liquidity and forcing banks to either collapse or to vend other investments in the attempt to compensate the deficit. We can define the financial crisis as a sharp decline of a set of financial indicators.
Many movements in the course of world history have initiated this advancement. It was only after industrialization that advancement or growth spread to a majority of the world population, which in a way changed lives of many people. New movements started to have an effect on the lives of people and international relations, aiding and affecting it.
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Among the global financial failure that has affected the financial development in Europe includes: (1) the failure of the Bretton Woods (1970s) and oil price shock (1973) which resulted in the development of Nixon Shock; (2) imposing high-interest rates to avoid inflation and the financial crisis in Mexico (1982) which resulted to the development of Latin American debt crisis.
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According to the paper, bilateral tax treaties typically have two general purposes; the prevention of double taxation and the prevention of tax evasion. There are a variety of tax treaty models that can be used by Atlantica and Freedonia for the purpose of accommodating their respective and mutual tax issues.
Market failures cause problems to the product manufacturers, service providers, consumers and even for the governments. A healthy market is one which acquires a balance between supply and demand. When an imbalance occurs between supply and demand, the market may consider as going through the failure phase.
There are other types of bubbles that do not occur due to the natural cycle but as a result of investor exuberance. Usually, it takes place in securities, real estate, and stock markets. Therefore, all the bubbles give an alarming signal. The government should take action in time to avoid the painful results of the burst.
The dominance of the manufacturing industry in the UK probably continued till the 1980s. Then after it was the rise of the service industry, which had occupied only a small percentage of the overall industry until then. The period between 1980 and 2000 saw a gradual decline in the manufacturing industry in the UK (Lucey, 2008).
And so, economic managers must come up with entirely new approaches and, certainly, funds just so the economy would not get slide further into recession. The economic performance as a result of these policies cannot yet be quantified, whether they are successful or not. At this point, authorities could only predict the statistics.
This developed arc has caused a pressing demand for change in policies and the development of promising development strategies that can face the challenges imposed by globalization and assure rapid growth as well. Other than globalization, economical receding is a very significant problem faced by countries throughout the world.
There are theories which suggest that the shift to the service industry is influenced by market demand. While the manufacturing industry like iron is capable of strengthening the economic base of the country the service industry is the growing choice of the people. This could be due to the growing inclination of the people towards this sector.
It is rational to have revalued companies upwards by 50 per cent from those frozen post-Lehman days as the world recognized that they were not going out of business, and it is rational to expect further upgrading of equity valuations. We are living in a rational bubble. Beware, then, of writing it off.
Monopoly is a term mainly associated with the business circle. It is one of the important economic terms in microeconomics because of the impacts it can cause to the market and economy of a country. Monopoly is a market condition in which only a single firm was able to control the entire market without much competitions from competitors.
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Macroeconomics, on the other hand, deals with the broader aspects of economics like national income, consumption, and investment. Numerous terms are associated with both macro and microeconomics. Some of the major terms involved in microeconomics are marginal cost and marginal utility, opportunity cost, types of goods, a law of demand, etc.
The outgoings that are related to the production of the land have been paid and this payment includes the profits of the capital that has been employed on the land. It has been added by Ricardo that the outgoings are the ones that are estimated based on the ordinary profits rate as related to the agricultural stock at that particular time.
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The choice by a government to apply either of the policy instruments depend on different factors of choice. First, the government may consider the effects on revenue. The immediate effect of a tariff is the generation of revenue to the government if the imposed tariff is not applied to prohibit consumption of a particular commodity.
Earth is beset by a series of crises affecting the development of our planet. An environmental crisis has been brought to light through the increased attention paid to the global warming phenomenon and international climate change; a political crisis which is occurring in some of the poorest stretches of the world as populations continue to grow.
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The stock market is known as one of the most vital areas of a market economy, as it provides companies with access to capital and investors to own companies and overall it participates in the economic growth. In spite of its numerous functions, the risk involved in such market refuses the investors to enter into the market.
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A crash is an event that is inevitable when the market has progressed into an unstable phase, such that any small disturbance could possibly trigger a collapse; the instantaneous cause of the collapse is not so significant as the condition of instability that had placed the market in its precarious position, to begin with – “the systemic instability”.
Reserve requirement refers to the amount that a central bank may require of Deposit Money Banks to keep as a reserve and be held with them. The amount constitutes a fraction of the deposit liabilities they have with the depositing public and limits the amount they can offer as loans to the public on the ground that banks extend loans only up to a percentage in relation to their reserve holdings.
Though only defined contribution plans are required to provide periodic summaries of plan accounts to workers, this should be the rule with defined benefit plans as well. This will help displaced workers make appropriate decisions, should they move from a job with defined benefit to one in which defined contribution is offered.
Previously when this was emphasized, it aroused steel and iron industry manufacturers on which the workers called on a strike. The strike failed and in January 1920 public opinion was on the US Steel side. However, the commission issued a favorable report to the strikers in July 1920 and initiated the 8-hour day agitation.