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Therefore, in legal disputes, it can be said that there exists a lawful existence or a duty of right as provided by the law. In the resolution of private duties, private law, which establishes a framework of rules, can be applied to know which party in the case owes a duty or right (Mallor and Bowers 9).
The surge in the number has been because of escalation in juvenile violent crimes, declining confidence in the juvenile courts to punish serious offences, and a general move towards punishment as opposed to personal rehabilitation. Additionally adult criminal sentencing in most states has been streamlined due to claims that initially the system was lenient to violent criminals.
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In the earlier times, rehabilitation was considered as a major part of the prison system. The psychological problems of the prisoners used to be studied and they used to be encouraged to develop such skills and aptitude such that they might be able to lead normal lives after their punishment is over.
On the other hand, The United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK) are indisputably, some of the most powerful political entities in the world. As such, the two states have invested heavily in the virtual world and in technological advancements in Information technology (IT).
People organize or form associations and arrangements for everyone to live peacefully with each other. One of its crucial distinguishing characteristics is the formation of a government, the social contract, in which citizens gave up their rights in favor of this government in exchange for some protection. The government applies its laws with fairness.
The history of the United States shows that there have been numerous violations of human rights in this area, and this is particularly notable in the case of Bloody Sunday and the associated events leading up to that event. Law enforcement and those who are in leadership positions over law enforcement must always remember who pays their salary.
This paper concerns capital punishment which is known as the legitimate way of taking life by the state for capital crimes.The author provides examples of capital punishment such as an electric chair, hanging and lethal injections -- some of the methods that are currently being used by countries practicing capital punishments.
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The regulations currently in place that are designed to protect the Ogallala Aquifer are insufficient to protect against an oil spill. Two possible remedies may address that fact. The first is an improvement in the requirements for construction and monitoring requirements for the construction of the pipeline (Couperwaite, 1984).
The concept of correctional facilities reform was started in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1787 when a group of Christian men formed the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons or as, it was later to be called, the Pennsylvania Prison Society, whose aims were to improve the conditions under which prisoners were incarcerated at the Walnut Prison in Philadelphia.
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Effective treatment programs are often adopted as well as implemented in various topmost hospitals wherein top priority is given towards delivering proper treatment to the patients. However, there exist various sorts of treatment programs that are delivered to different patients suffering with numerous problems.
The author explains that the Homeland security was created in 2002 by the Department of Homeland Security Act (2002). Creation of the department brought together other 22 government agencies that were reorganized to become one department to oversee security matters within the USA territory.
The murder culprit can either burn the body or distort the body through cutting it into small pieces. The body could have extremely aged as the victim died a long time ago making it hard for anyone to identify the victim just by barely looking at the body.
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A paradigm was created where nations took it upon themselves to understand what terrorism was and the overall mindsets that formed the terrorists’ radical ideals. Al Qaeda has undergone a radical metamorphosis from the “organized, idealistic group” to a rag-tag unit that advanced aspects of radicalism.
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Terrorist training usually entails teaching terrorists how to initiate attacks, and participate in field attacks and other terrorist activities such as suicide bombing. This paper points out that terrorist training usually takes place in regions that are convenient for those who train the terrorists or in well-known extremist areas such as Somalia, Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
The paper explores Human rights in Turkey within the broader scheme of the global human rights protection. The paper concludes that, although, Turkey has made considerable improvements with regard to human rights, especially rights centering on freedom of expression; however, Turkey has a long way to go to eradicate human rights violations.
The discussion aims to show similarities and distinctions between applied and traditional research. Discussion The two research types are fundamental to human knowledge advancement but they function in very diverse ways and have varies end objectives. The distinction between basic or traditional and applied research appears quite common: applied research entails some form of application in the real life situation.
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Inarguably, terrorism is one of the greatest threats to international peace and security. Compared to other factors that threaten international peace and security, terrorism usually has multi-dimensional aspects. It entails, among others, the violent acts that are perpetrated for ideological, religious, and political goals.
The Underclass and Group Offending.
The term underclass was coined by journalist Auletta while in US, who in defining the term emphasized more on the values and behaviours of persons likely to be assigned the term “underclass”. This has been found to be very narrow by sociologists and criminologists alike who think that such a narrow definition does not give or address the root cause for the emergence of crime amongst the underclass of the society.
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This paper concludes that the international legal agencies are working day in and day out to make the world a safer place. But, they are forced to suppress the rights of few to uphold the concept of national security. The paper also adds that local criminology is also an efficient method of solving local crimes.
Anita Whitney belonged to one of the distinguished families in California; her conviction came following the pursuit of the 1919 act, criminal syndicalism. The allegation for his persecution was that she aided in the establishment of the communist Labour party, the state had gathered evidence relating to the group and found out that it was devoted to violent teachings with the ultimate goal to overthrow the government then.
These are that the planet will be spared by the technology and all of the detrimental things can be settled with extended interest of industrial progress, any dissatisfaction or disinterest with societal issues will be settled by the economic prosperity and growth and that the political agents in office have been elected for the gain of the people as well as their countries and therefore finally these democratically elected individuals have the capacity to deal policies that impact the whole society collectively.1 The New Environmental Paradigm or the NEP on the contrary, inclines toward an entirely different system constituting of the natural geographical landscapes as well as their inhabit
The NPDES stands for the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System, which is a system that enforces requirements for those who pollute the American waters to get permits for chemical discharges that they emit. This is a mechanism for the control of the chemical discharges under the supervision of the Environmental Protection Agency or EPA, emanating from the Clean Water Act.
Numerous laws have been framed to control the challenge of terrorism, which has grown to become a global challenge against a specific country’s challenge. The formulations of these legislations usually follow the cases, as they are experienced therefore having no set of a universally acceptable legal framework to work against the terror attacks.
A pro-life group sponsored the challenge. An embryo, as defined by the Act, is a live embryo that has gone through complete fertilization. Cell nuclear replacement has no fertilization process, and it is a cloning process and had not been considered during the drafting of the Act.
Looking at the first incident where he promises Charles to give him $50 for his efforts. This is a simple contract since it is one that is made between two individuals who know each other well. At this point a problem may arise where if he fails to get full payment for the event; he may not fulfill his promise to Charles.
Prerogative powers are the honors and authorities that inherently accrue to the Crown in its right as provided by the common law, the exercise of prerogative powers may develop when it takes actions outside the framework or provisions of the law, not necessarily, breaking them but acting in a manner not provided by the law.
Key Differences between Civil law and Criminal law.
In administration of justice, people depend on different issues that surround the cases of involved according to the evidence given. Judgment is given according to the different sources of evidence that are availed in cases that presented to the judges or magistrates in a court of law.
However, African Americans are taken as lead suspects in violent crimes such as committing a homicide on the basis of hatred for certain social group. The detailed research on the featured topic revealed that usual suspects are found to be innocent because, they are noticed to practice extreme care regarding local laws.
The case discussed the offense of involuntary manslaughter whereby a medical practitioner who was supposed to administer anesthesia to a patient was accused of being negligent in his duties. The appellant while in his duties in treating a patient with an eye ailment failed to notice that an oxygen pipe he had connected had been disconnected resulting in the death of the patient.
A properly incorporated company is a legal person separate from its owners. A corporation has rights and liabilities similar to those of a natural person. Any legal responsibility sustained by the corporation is restricted to the corporation. Moreover, legal responsibility does not stretch to company controllers and owners.
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Criminal activities in society continue to increase as people are labeled with names for their past mistakes. For instance, persons who have committed crimes previously in their lives tend to be labeled as ‘criminals’. People need to feel loved and appreciated in order for them to change from bad habits (Schur, 2001).
Employment law seeks to act as a guideline for sound practices by employers and employees in the work environment to safeguard them from exploitation and unethical practices. ABC Manufacturing company possesses a decentralized human resource (HR) model where each department operates on its own set of HR practices with the head HR manager’s role being as a general overseer.
This is because crime scenes are complex and can vary from a small single room to a couple of acres. The most reliable person at the crime’s scene is the first officer to have arrived at the place (Christine & Hess, 2012). The first responding officer can make collection of evidence successful or render it extremely difficult for the involved parties.
The statutory duty is contained in Section 2 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974. Pursuant to Section 2 of the 1974 Act the employer’s duty is provide a safe place of work where it is reasonably practical to do so.
This case was brought about by a complainant who sued the manufacturer of a beer she had consumed for being negligent in the manufacture of the beer, which caused her to suffer psychologically and medically. The facts of the case are that on the 26th day of August 1928, the appellant Donoghue partook in a bottle of beer.
The international organization was formally founded on January 1st, 1942, in Washington by 26 member countries which were at war with the Axis and China, United States, Soviet Union, and Great Britain serving as permanent security members- a policing role -to ensure that an occurrence of war does not inflict the world.
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There are certain universally accepted immoral acts and wrongs, with sexual assault being one of the most severe ones. Sexual assault refers to rape or sexual violence, including unsuccessful attempts and intimidations. Rape is sexual activity involving actual or attempted penetration, including anal, vaginal and oral, of a victim against his or her will.
Criminal Justice Systems are affected by many factors that might be present in a country. This is because criminal activities arise from a wide range of issues such as; economic activities, political matters, and social issues too. Therefore, issues arising from these three areas will affect criminal justice systems either positively or negatively.
The term serial killer is used to define people who have murdered three or more people in the course of at least one month, with some downtime in between murders. Although these murders are committed as distinctive events, they are not necessarily unrelated since they encompass certain similar and vital characteristics.
Remedy offered by law in the event of breach of a contract can be compensation of funds, specific performance or damages. The parties involved in a contract can be juristic or natural persons (Eisenberg 18). Contract Elements Contract elements include consideration, offer, acceptance, meeting of the minds and legality.
COMPETITIVE DIALOGUE AND THE NEGOTIATED PROCEDURES The manufactured goods such as furniture, stationery and other industrial products are usually produced at standard characteristics in matters of quality as well as pricing, however, other products and services are produced in customized aspects to fit the need of the buyer (procurer).
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The Castle doctrine laws have been in existence for thousand s of years and are still applied in some places to this day. The United States is an example of a nation that supported the statute, until recently when the move to abolish it came up. This paper gives a description of the Castle Doctrine, its origin, and the conditions in the statute.
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Fifty-one nations mulled together to find a solution and in the majority, they signed the charter in the city of San Francisco. It was in fact the first treaty of its kind that achieved consensus on world peace. International law in this context has a lot to tell about its formulation and evolution thereafter.
This study uses comparative and historical methodology as the key method to research the topic of study. The historical method of data collection relies solely on the historical data and hence it is prone to inaccuracy and biased. Furthermore, the credibility afforded by qualitative and quantitative research methodologies.
Though there have been strict regulations imposed on multinational companies in American states since the nineteen nineties, there has been a continuous increase in the number of foreign victims who commenced actions in the American courts. Due to the increase in these multinational corporation cases, American courts employed the doctrine of forum non-convenient.
S. Constitution was framed by founding fathers, they made sure this important legal document can stand scrutiny and will withstand the test of time, a fundamental law that can be applied in most situations that safeguard its citizens. It has many safeguards in it, primary of course is the Bill of Rights.
In reference to this particular case, David entered into a contract to buy a new Mustang convertible. DEFINITION OF A CONTRACT A contract can be defined as a written or a verbal agreement that takes place between two or in excess of two persons comprising certain specific terms and conditions to perform or promise to conduct a certain act as a matter of consideration.
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Collective bargaining refers to negotiations that take place between an employer and a group of employees (Legal Information Institute, n.d). The increasing presence of the federal state in the 21st-century Australian industrial laws has seen the power of collective bargaining heavily watered down through policies and legislation that favor the corporations.
In Abdalla, Abraham v. Viewdaze Pty Ltd (2003)122 IR 215, the court adopted a totality approach, also called the multi factor test. In this test, the court must consider the totality of the relationship between the firm and the worker. A court must weigh the various ‘indicia’ established.