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This relation defies final answers partly because no relation can be any more stable than its shifting components. Plato recognized this, as others have since. One's interpretation of the law will necessarily influence the interpretation of ethics, and vice-versa. Given a lack of consensus on what "ethics" refers to, we should not be surprised that attempts to chain this concept down long enough.
The educational requirements needed to start a career as a law enforcement officer vary from each country and area. High school education is the only requirement. Majority of areas nowadays require an individual to undergo formal job training, which includes taking up of courses in criminal investigation, administration, criminal justice system.
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The common purpose of creating the professional police is to protect the general public from any forms of misconduct and violence that could impose threats over the lives of the innocent people. In general, police are a group of public servants which aims to reduce the incidence of criminal activities within the society by detecting and preventing crimes from happening.
It is observed that competency requirements have been lowered by many courts in the country, and two-way cameras are installed at a number of courts to protect the child during the process. Most of the criminal justice professionals and officers are being trained to deal with children through a multidisciplinary approach to child victimization.
The notion of parliamentary sovereignty denotes that Parliament has supremacy over other institutions in a democracy. It examines and maintains the relationship between the executive, the judiciary and the legislature. The courts are precluded from questioning the legitimacy of statutes enacted by Parliament.
Jamie, Scott and Mark have all suffered damage in this scenario and their possible tort claims will be looked at in turn. Jamie and Scott may have a claim under the tort of negligence against Mr. Cantrell. It is during the course of Cantrell’s class that they were injured. In discussing Cantrell’s liability, it must first be established that he owed a duty of care to his students.
Rahim bought a laptop computer from Asia Tech Limited upon express warranty that it would be repaired free of charge in the event it stopped functioning within six months of its purchase. During this warranty period, it stopped working. Hence, the company needs to perform their part of the contract to avoid being sued.
The more efficiently and expediently computers and the Internet that connects them process and exchange information for the benefit of the consumer and the corporation, the more ways there are to illegally obtain that information and use it for various nefarious ends. Identity Theft is one of the cyber crimes that has been on the rise in the last several decades.
The medical use of marijuana has a long history though it was banned by the Federal Government of late citing its ill effects similar to other narcotic drugs. But several recent studies found its significant medical benefits when used in patients with cancer and AIDS. It significantly reduces pain and other health implications in patients.
The age difference was permissible under the Sex Discrimination Act 1975, which expressly excludes the provisions relating to the death retirement from its ambit. The Court of Appeal referred two questions to the ECJ and this is whether a different retirement age for men and women is in breach of Directive 76/207.
The behavior of a person is influenced by his or her personality which is what they would leave behind at a crime scene and reflect in their own lives as well. In other words, a chaotic crime scene would mean a sloppy person while a clean crime scene would mean the criminal is probably a meticulous person and invariably a perfectionist.
One of the most challenging tasks for employees that suffered sexual harassment, and were forced to quit is to prove that there was a deliberate action by the employer’s side. More specifically, it must be proved that even if appropriately and clearly reported to the employer the specific action was not treated in accordance.
A distinction used to exist in the traditional view of the humanitarian law of armed conflict between international and non-international armed conflict. The previously mentioned observation is supported by the fact that the Additional Protocols to the Geneva Convention of 1949 dealt separately with international conflict and non-international conflict.
Generally speaking, actus reus cannot be used alone when having to identify the existence of responsibility of a person for a particular criminal offence; men's rea should also exist in relation with the acts of the specific person in order to be regarded as the offender in the above criminal offence.
In this vein, a jury of one’s peers provided and continues to provide a bastion between the ordinary citizen and the government. The goal was and remains for a jury to be free to determine the defendant’s guilt without pressure from the government. The jury distinguishes between public/private powers and functions as “a legitimating institution.”
My auntie who lives in another town died at a very young age due to second-hand smoking. She is one of the closest relatives I have considered since we shared a common interest in photography. I have never seen my auntie smoke. Since she has always been with friends who smoke at least two packs of cigarettes a day, her life became in danger.
The author states that law establishes the framework which entails the functioning of a successful society. For a moment if there was to be the absence of law or the absence of a legal system, unimaginable injustices would then befall on the members of a society who would fall prey to human feelings and temptation.
According to Robert Ruby’s “Capital Punishment’s Constant Constituency: An American Majority,” capital punishment has long since been a heated topic of debate of fairness and of constitutional rights and ethics. Between the years of 1972 and 2007, the Supreme Court has gone through many moments of indecision in concerns of the capital punishment.
It is essential to state that the vagueness of Section 1(f)(ii) itself has given rise to a confusing plethoria of precedents to the extent that almost any claim of misconduct could conceivably open the door to bad character evidence thereby unfairly prejudicing the defendant in his defence to the charge.
Article 73 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea states that “the coastal State may, in the exercise of its sovereign rights to explore, exploit, conserve and manage the living resources in the exclusive economic zone, take such measures, including boarding, inspection, arrest and judicial proceedings.
Firstly, Macros must be a victim of a violation of one or more of the articles of the Convention. What this means is that Macros must have been directly affected by an act that has breached the convention. In some cases, one needs only to show a strong likelihood of being affected instead of the actual breach so long as you belong to a specific class of persons.
Cross-examination is defined as “the examination by the adverse party of a witness at the conclusion of the direct examination of such witness”. Its purposes are to test the witness’ accuracy and truthfulness and freedom from bias and interest as well as to elicit from him all such important facts bearing upon the issues of a particular case.
While in many instances, children may not have been fully conscious of the implications of their actions while committing crimes, they are often tried in adult courts, and subject to rigors and intricate court proceedings reserved for adult offenders.
This Directive specifies that drivers in the inner-city public transport are to be provided with a fifteen minutes recess, every three hours, and that their number of hours per week is not to exceed thirty – five. There was to be no overtime and drivers could request their employers to provide them with flexible working hours.
New Deal was implemented in two phases; the First New Deal intended to carry out emergency relief programs began in March 1933 and the Second New Deal was implemented in 1935-36. Though a much-admired and longest-serving President, Roosevelt increasingly got mired in controversy due to the New Deal programs and policies.
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Criminal law as currently practiced is centered around the administration of punishment to the offenders, for purposes of retribution for their actions and to function as an effective deterrent to others from committing similar crimes. One of the difficulties in effectively applying punishment to solve the problem of crime is that punishment serves multiple goals.
Every society is ruled by law. The law itself is pervasive in the sense that it is everywhere in our lives. It is concerned with regulating and controlling not only activities which are regarded as criminal and punishable by the state but also activities that are regarded as wrongful to individual persons.
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There are some general commonalities for the functions of a police officer, the exact definition of what a community police officer or a police officer really is may not be that clear. Of course, the police, in general, has been an inspiration for many people including writers and media products who create a popular image of police officers through their writings and media productions.
In Sherbert v. Verner, 374 U.S. 398; 83 S. Ct. 1790; 10 L. Ed. 2d 965; 1963 U.S. LEXIS 976, writing for the majority, Justice Brennan reasoned: “[N]ot only is it apparent that appellant's declared ineligibility for benefits derives solely from the practice of her religion, but the pressure upon her to forego that practise is unmistakable.
One of the first requirements for a valid contract to exist is that there must be an offer and an acceptance of that offer. The acceptance must be a final and unqualified acceptance of the terms of an offer so that the contract will be valid with being a definite offer mirrored by a definite acceptance.”
It becomes clear to Gordon that Thomas has some form of disability - he suffers from a stammer and also has dyslexia. Later Gordon decides to enter the pub quiz with some other patrons. Thomas, Annie, and Clarabelle also form a team and enter. Unfortunately, Gordon loses the quiz to the team of students and is very annoyed to have been beaten by Thomas.
During George W. Bush’s six years as Governor of the State of Texas, as governor, Mr. Bush penned his name to 152 orders denying clemency in capital punishment cases (Berlow 2003 91). Of those cases, 150 were men, and two were women (Berlow 91). One was a 33-year-old mentally retarded male, diagnosed as having the mentality of a seven-year-old convicted of murder (Berlow 91).
There is more emphasis on attacking underlying causes and not just surface issues. More and more experts agree that crime prevention is the way to go in this situation. They assert that prison sentences, especially for non-violent offenders, only deal with the problem temporarily. They also believe that crime prevention should be the centerpiece of the criminal justice system.
The time frame on the submission of servers to the Doors was already fixed according to the initial contract. However, the time frame followed by the Hard Water Co couldn’t be accepted by the Doors due to its incompletion of the server room. The main point of debate arises when the price hike was decided by the Hard Water Co. due to the price change clause.
Cross-examination is vital in a case because it helps in the discovery of the facts. It is the oral examination of witnesses by the opposing counsel and it follows a direct examination. It is only facts revealed in the direct examination that can form the basis of questions that are put to the witnesses during the cross-examination process.
The major difference between abortion regulation in the US and in the UK is that in the UK, abortions are mostly illegal with exceptions allowed during medical cases. This is the basis for other laws in the region. However, in the US, abortion is mostly legal, regulations center on the provision of safe alternatives.
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With respect to copyright, the elementary principle is that the person who authored or created protected work is its first owner. However, joint ownership may also exist in cases where there is a collaboration in making the work. Films, for example, are deemed the collaboration of the producer and the director.
On his way home he is riding his bicycle along the road when a car, driven by Barry, drives past him at excessive speed and knocks him off his bike. Arthur knows Barry who has never liked Arthur. Arthur sustains a very serious injury and is hospitalized for a lengthy period. In the hospital, he has an operation, but the surgeon misundertakes the operation.
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The newspaper company published an ‘editorial’ advertisement that communicated information, expressed opinion, protested claimed abuses, and sought financial support on behalf of the Negro movements. Moreover, paragraphs purported to illustrate the ‘wave of terror’ by describing certain alleged events.
Not only does this figure evidence the extent to which crime has reached pandemic proportions in the country but underscores the nature of the on-the-job dangers which law enforcement officers confront every singe day. When considering that firearms are the primary culprit, the solution appears simple enough: a ban on firearms.
The UK, the US, and Germany have historical legacies regarding embryonic protection in the context of abortion. These legacies have shaped the social, political, and legal environment of the stem cell debate. Each nation has attempted to provide for scientific progress while protecting embryonic rights, albeit, from divergent approaches.
The author says that this includes a basic knowledge of criminology and the laws related to fraud, the fundamentals of investigations, and the various types of fraud schemes. Although more colleges are offering a fraud-examination course as an elective, basic knowledge of fraud detection and deterrence is essential to success.
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It is stated that numerous polls indicate that a majority of Americans, including Mexican-Americans, want the government to prevent the tidal wave of illegal aliens cascading over the border. The writer suggests that a nation without borders is not a nation and this country has been losing control, prosperity, security and autonomy.
The parents of the children would argue that this is not the impetus behind their decision, however, in some instances where the child might eventually develop to a level of the majority where she could give informed consent as in Re D, mentioned above, there can be no justification for attempting to have the child sterilized.
This paper gives information that this case can be contrasted with the case of R. v Hirst EWCA Crim 1468 in which the accused had significantly more images than in the first case and also the images found contained level 5 images. In this case, the court was duty bound to issuing a custodial sentence due to the level of images found on the system.
When citizens vote, they authenticate the sacrifice of those that have paid the ultimate price for the right to vote. According to Senator Ted Kennedy, “Voting is one of the true blessings of liberty. That’s why people have died for it, and our democracy is diminished when even one American is denied that right” (Peterson, 1986).
The author states that the fundamental objective of the Bill was implementation and strengthening the mirror principle, i.e., the register should be a complete and accurate reflection of the state of the title of the land at any given time, so that it is possible to investigate title to land on line, with the absolute minimum of additional enquiries.
Intellectual Property laws are a means by which business competition is regulated so as to provide for free and open markets. This is accomplished by making provisions which are calculated to protect owners of intellectual property from counterfeiting and to set parameters for the exclusive use of the intellectual property.
Part IV of the Family Law Act 1996 (the FLA) empowers courts in family law proceedings to make two types of order to offer protection which is pertinent to Maria’s current situation; namely, a non-molestation order and an occupation order. However, the FLA only entitles the court to make such orders if the application is made by an “associated person” (Herring 2007).
Software piracy has proliferated to a great extent, due to latest tools that are easily available. At this juncture, it is very important to protect the rights of owners of such software or any other form of creative work.