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Alvin runs a business selling expensive cars. Last Monday he mistakenly placed a notice on one car indicating that it was for sale for £5,000 when in fact its real price was £25,000. Bert later noticed the sign and, recognizing what a bargain it was, immediately indicated to Alvin that he accepted the offer and would take the car for the indicated amount.
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According to the text, the single market is all about bringing down barriers and simplifying existing rules to enable everyone in the EU - individuals, consumer, and businesses - to make the most of the opportunities offered to them by having direct access to 27 countries and 480 million people.
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The right to manifest one’s religion under Article 9 is a “qualified right” in that the manifestation is required to be “in worship, teaching, practice, and observance”. Other limitations are also drawn from Article 9(2) which confers upon the state the right to limit the right to manifest one’s religion on three specific grounds.
The idea that man should have certain rights accorded to him by virtue of birth and not as a concession from the government when first advocated, stood as a truly revolutionary act. Prior to that period, rights and powers were historically seen to be something granted by a kind or held due to noble title.
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The author states that identity theft is the crime that involves stealing of a person’s private information in order to impersonate that person in a legal sense. When a person’s identity is stolen, he is at great risk of facing a terrifying number of monetary and individual dealings done in his name by the thief.
The paper shows that some case law on the doctrine of strict compliance in regard to the return of documents has also been discussed. Uniform Customs and Practices for Documentary Credits (UCP 500) replaced UCP 400 in January 1994. Article 3 of the UCP 500 is the combination of Articles 3 and 6 of UCP 400.
A database of case studies can help us to find out the behavior patterns of the professional criminals so that we can identify the less risky offenders or the actually mentally disordered lawbreakers. Actuarial Assessment procedures are very much dependent on the static variables, which makes it almost completely devoid of Emotional Quotient.
There are many aspects of modern life that are taken for granted as contemporary inventions, but which actually came down through the millennia from ancient Rome. For instance, the present-day legal system is so steeped in Roman law concepts and principles that until today, judges and lawyers still use the Latin terms for many of them.
Jeb and his newly enacted law were challenged. Upon challenging this newly enacted law, the Supreme Court ruled that this law was unconstitutional because it infringed upon the separation of powers. It was stated that the Florida Governor acted in an unconstitutional fashion, being that he exercised power that he had no right to exercise (CNN News).
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Studies have shown that reactive policing has a role in future policing policy and the development of strategies to address crime. However, these studies also examine the efficacy of reactive and proactive policing and where the latter should be used in conjunction with the more traditional methodologies.
This paper has presented a detailed analysis of internet banking frauds. Internet banking has become a routine activity for almost every person. In addition, the increasing ratio of internet frauds cannot reduce the value of internet banking however it can gain more customers’ trust by decreasing the ratio of internet banking frauds.
A contract may be tainted by defects that could affect its validity making it void, voidable, illegal or unenforceable (Butler et al, 2001). In case consent to an agreement is induced by coercion, undue influence, fraud or misrepresentation, the agreement is a contract voidable at the option of the party whose consent was so caused.
No one wants to admit wrongdoing. A mistake is a blemish on an entity’s image. People in the office were put there by a trusting public. When they make wrongful convictions, it’s a double injustice because not only does the innocent person go to jail, but the real perpetrator is out there to possibly commit more crimes and victimize more individuals.
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The paper will critically analyze and explain the legal characteristics of these concepts, also focusing on describing the issues that often occur in their performance. A separate sub-chapter will be dedicated to the concept of invitation to treat. The sub-chapter will analyze the concept of the invitation to treat.
The issues that concern this scenario are those of attachments to land and the rights of purchasers of land to fixtures, trees, woods, etc installed by the previous owner. The facts also consider the difference in preference of title to lost property which is founded by someone other than the landowner. It also raises issues of easements that may bind successful owners of servient tenements in favor of adjacent dominant tenements.
There are numerous reasons that seek to explain the difficulty in counting the number of cyber offenses that happen every year. Between 2006 and 2008, the number of cyber offenses witnessed an unusual high. Cyber offenses have been categorized into different types which come under the purview of the Computer exploitation (misuse) Act of 1990.
In the future, European Union may reach a stage where a common constitution may replace the existing constitutions of the member states but till the day states are enjoying sovereign rights, the EU can not be called a federation and the treaties created by member states can not constitute a European constitution.
The paper "Juvenile Crime: Causes and Prevention" is a wonderful example of a research paper on law. Before probing into the topic, we should first get familiar with the term Juvenile Crime as to know what juvenile crime actually means and why we need to prevent or reduce it.
“The Canadian legal system was established under the British North America Act, 1867, with the creation of a federal government and various provincial governments and various court systems” (Tjaden, 2005). Like Great Britain, Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Her Majesty Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, as the head of the state.
The crime is addictive and the boy may never stop it if severe punishment is not applied. He is likely to develop new ways of terrorizing people in the society as he grows up. Many criminals who have been convicted of a violent robbery at an older age begin with minor theft and eventually resort to violent crimes that sometimes are accompanied by murder.
In the last few decades, several developments have been made in the promotion of fire safety, its design and its engineering. In recent times, several technological systems have been developed in order to promote fire safety. It is also needed in order to manage and control the atmosphere and surroundings of the building.
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This essay will examine the interpretations of Islamic law through the perspective of Islam’s two major sects, Sunni and Shi’ah. The Sunni-Shi’ah division of Islam originated as a succession dispute shortly after the death of the prophet Muhammad in 632 A.D. Shi’ah believes that the proper successor of Muhammad was Ali.
The person is considered to be innocent throughout the process of the trial until he/she is proved guilty. Moreover, a jury is involved in his/her trial, which is a group of people acting under oath to ensure that an impartial judgment is rendered upon trial. The jury is trusted with establishing the actual facts regarding a particular issue as instructed by the court.
Sam’s blockage of Paula’s transfer citing issues of potential fetus harm from chemicals would apply to any female in the organization with the ability to reproduce. It is likely that OSHA laws have already been abided by in this area, or they would have to change their processes or simply prevent all female workers from being in this area.
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The author states that gun violence, sexual offense, cyber crimes etc are some of the major criminal activities done by the juveniles. Lack of parental control, drug and alcohol addiction, the influence of media etc are some of the major reasons for the increasing juvenile crimes cited by the sociologists.
Legacy systems would primary be present in two forms, i.e. either the legacy systems would be designed magnificently with extremely professional approach, considering not just the fulfillment of the user requirements but also leaving gaps to enhance the software beyond in the future, alongside the various flexibility factors presented within this workflow.
Although the court did not directly say that the police can be held liable for its actions and inactions when handling certain cases, the fact the court allowed the plaintiff to file suit against the police is a clear indication that the exclusionary rule which affords blanket protection to police officers does not apply in certain cases. Police officers performing their duties may be sued for alleged negligence and breach of the duty of care.
The author states that the parties involved in this case include Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd or “Leighton” which is the principal contractor in the project involved and the appellant in the first appeal; Downsview Pty Ltd or “Downsview” which is a company contracted by Leighton under the ‘Works Contract’.
The author states that in some cases, the tort of negligence is unintentional where the defendant would have no intention of causing harm to the plaintiff. Likewise, society is becoming complex and careful consideration ought to be taken in making claims under the tort of negligence as going to be critically analyzed in the given case studies.
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The author outlined the different developmental and moral stages of development that each child experiences throughout their developmental years. In what is referred to as the preoperational period, a developmental phase that runs from age two until seven, the child often cannot make solid linkages between logical thought and the state of their reality.
Germany’s only hope of succeeding will come from an argument that the Directive is harmful to the public health policy, public morals or security or public policy of Germany in general. It is difficult to see how such an argument will succeed in light of the fact the EU is seeking to promote public health and reducing obesity among the youth is hardly a case for concerns about public morals.
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The author states that sex offenders are entitled to these rights as well. However listing their names on a list or registry does not invade their persons, houses, papers, and effects. The term “unreasonable” means not reasonable. It is reasonable to suspect a convicted sex offender to commit the same crime they were convicted of.
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The author states that this Act would maintain several outcomes for the country if it were enacted, including effects on the labor market, potential effects on political relationships with foreign nations, and even problems at the social level. Several economists identify that increases in immigration tend to lead to diminished job opportunities.
The author of the paper states that if a corporation knows that it will need to purchase 50 million dollars on foreign exchange markets within a span of three months, then, in that case, it can organize a fixed price for that leverage with the help of a financial contract known as derivative.
A democratic society, no doubt, bestows many rights to its citizens, the likes of which are conspicuous by their absence in countries having an autocratic system of government. But it needs to be noted that, even in a democracy, there are certain situations where the rights of citizens are suspended, though on a temporary basis.
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From this paper, it is clear that a person committing a crime is considered to be the one who infringes the regular norms and practices of life and defies the expected ways of living in the society where he resides (Darrow, 2007:8). For understanding crime in-depth, one needs to first identify the root causes which actually lead to its commitment.
Law empowers as well as restricts the actions of state officials. Although the law is an indispensable requirement for the just management of intelligence, it is not sufficient. In reality, law subsists mainly to permit infringement on human rights, despite establishing procedures for obtaining appropriate authorization.
The United Nations is one body that applies international law in conflict resolution and in making (ICJ) court rulings. While the body has contributed much in maintaining world peace through its actions and activities, the United Nations has proved to be bias in some cases, more especially considering that it is subject to the principles of agency.
Things have changed, perhaps irrevocably, relating to the subject of crime and punishments, especially capital punishment. This note will serve as the launching pad for our arguments on crime and punishment. So, shall we proceed with our mini-symposium?
Many myths and misconceptions about rape are prevalent in society. Because of the trauma already suffered by the victim, and the likely prospect of further trauma in prosecuting the matter, many cases of rape go unreported. The lady, usually too much afraid to take action or to prosecute the perpetrator, suffered in silence and was punished for her inaction.
To better understand if this statement is true, one needs to examine first what are the defenses used to a claim in negligence apart from contributory negligence. It is important to study the case laws which explain the decisions in arriving at a grant. One of the known defense available to a negligence claim is contributory negligence.
Inconsistencies in the way that the EU uses its human rights conditionality in external relations have been quite obvious. For instance in the Balkans, human rights were viewed as entirely significant for the reconstruction and stabilization missions in the region. n the Mediterranean, the EU left the regulation of human rights to field assistance
The public press relations of company A must be carefully managed. The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) gives the press the ability to investigate companies and create articles based on publicly released information. A way for the company to protect sensitive information is through a clause in the FOIA that provides confidentiality.
An easement is an interest in land which entitles a landowner, to use, or restrict the use of, his neighbor’s land in a particular way without giving him possession. It is important to mention that easements can be positive or negative. They have caused considerable problems for litigants and the courts.
It is really quite essential to notice that in Ramsden v Dyson, Lord Cranworth referred to the silence of a landowner in the light of someone building on their land. He suggested that equity would intervene if someone silently allows another to build on his land and does not interfere to prevent that.
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The concept of abortion seems to be as old as pregnancy itself. Wilful abortion was practiced in ancient Greece and Rome. It was also widely practiced in many other ancient civilizations. With the advent of western civilization, the issue came into a debate for its medical repercussions. In the last two centuries, it became a legal issue.
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It's clear that a proposed study of the effects of this sentence on these offenders will allow for a better understanding of the effects of the imposed consequence of their criminal actions. A review of secondary research provides overwhelming evidence that a moratorium on life sentences without parole is reasonable, Constitutional, and globally supported.
If the claimant’s version of the facts is accepted his claim will succeed. However, if Perkins’ version of the facts is accepted, the claim will fail. In this regard, the claimant has a 50 percent chance of succeeding. At worse, if his evidence is not accepted the tribunal will rule that his resignation was voluntary.
The first thing that comes when one hears the words ‘dispute resolution’ is the judicial system of a country. But, even though effective, there are other methods that are quicker, less expensive, and often provide a more satisfactory outcome for the parties to the dispute. This paper is an evaluation of dispute resolution methods.