Formal science & Physical science Essays

Flying objects and falling materials from sections of unstable roofs and walls also collapse hazards that need to be taken into consideration. Exposure to hazmat, dust, and smoke can pose a serious potential hazard in case of a construction collapse. The risk of explosion and the occurrence of fire is often imminent in most construction collapses.

When percentage body fats were compared with heart rates, it was found that there was a positive correlation of 0.372. This means that those who have a high percentage of fat in their bodies are likely to have a higher heart rate than those who have a low percentage of fat. This finding accords with the theory that the heart rate increases in order to break down excess fats to provide energy (Jevon & Ewens, 2012).

The heat exchanger is equipment that helps in heat transfer between fluids acting as a medium of transfer (Çengel  & Turner, 2001). The transfer of heat is two-fold, with the first one being conduction whereby heat is transferred across a wall separating the two fluids. The second mode of heat transfer is convection which involves the transfer of heat within each fluid.

As the term PHOENICS stands, it means Parabolic Hyperbolic of Elliptic Numerical Integration Code Series. It is therefore a general software used in analysis and understanding of how fluids like water, air, steam, and flow in engines. In addition, this system is important when analyzing physical and chemical composition.

Fire is a dangerous concern in all spheres of life. This makes fire firefighting one of the most important services required in a society. Buildings and structures are developed with fire safety in mind. Adequate spaces are left in between walls to allow easy access to fire fighting equipment in case of a fire breakout.

According to Goo (2012), any active fire safety measure put in place, for example, automated fire sensors and notification systems, controlled smoke detection systems or automatic systems for fire and smoke suppression are very critical in the role of managing fire and smoke in case of a compartmental fire in a building.

The aim of performing the experiment is the assessment the development of compartment fires from ignition point, through flashover to decay. A compartment fire is a fire in an enclosed space. Fuel-controlled compartment fire is where there is adequate air to enable reaction with all the fuel in the enclosure while ventilation limited is where there is insufficient air available.

Protecting against fire hazards and assessing the reaction to fire as well as fire resistance is seen as being a fundamental presumption in the planning process and in the erection of buildings and thus is a mandatory requirement from national and EC regulations given e,g. in the construction products direction (CPD).

The trench effect, which is one of the common occurrences in trench fires, is the main factor in the investigation in this experiment. The experiment involves setting up similar factors subjected to a model of a trench to aid in giving more sufficient information on fire behaviors. The results presented by this experiment are derived from the study of the fire

there are several combustion products, flames, and hot gases ejected out of windows and doors. The ejection of flames can be intense and sudden and may result in the rapid spreading of fire to other compartments. This scenario results in where the objects within direct proximity of the rooms get burnt resulting in quick spreading of fire to even outside the building.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is stored partly in a liquid state, as the remainder of the container above the liquid is filled with a gaseous vapor. BLEVE is used to refer to the combination of BLEVE and fireball, that is, if the accidents involve mechanical and thermal effects simultaneously.

Moreover, the views and opinions of the construction practitioners implied that there is some form of awareness as far as the waste reduction measures of these materials are concerned. Some of the inhibitors preventing the quick adoption of this waste reduction measures were evaluated using factor analysis process.

The construction testing of a simple laboratory-made device for establishing the moment of inertia in the flywheel has been carried out successfully. A specific method for rotating the wheel is developed specifically for this experiment. As stated earlier, the calculated value and experimental value are in agreement.

Despite the use of prehospital oxygen and anesthesia administration, the mortality of most patients has been on the increase purely because of the secondary insults head injury patients normally have and this would range from; Hyperventilation results from alteration of cerebral metabolism to an aerobic state.

The heart muscle contract and pumps muscle with the aid of electrical systems in the heart. During exercise or stress, there is an increase in heart activity and through the ECG it is possible to monitor the increase in the electrical activity by measuring the distance between the picks and the distances in between (Jim et al, 2006). 

The main limitation of this experiment is that there was no control experiment, which could be used to determine the mean error rate, as well as individual harmonic conditions. This indicates that the results and analysis are reliant on just one experiment, which could have inherent errors due to the internal human conditions of the participants.

The strategy of using the combination of both the adreno-receptors antagonist and the 5-alpha reductase inhibitor is still not being fully utilized since the effects associated with its use have not yet been established. Even though the medical therapy has some side effects, it still is the best form of management that is currently available.

Some of the most likely causes of Parkinson’s disease are certain medication drugs like those used in some paranoia which brings about severe side effects to the brain. Another known cause of Parkinson’s disease is a condition known as shy-draggers syndrome, which is mostly correlated with an irremediable dementia disorder.

An example of a diagnostic process that uses the principle of nuclear medicine is the kidney scan procedure. They are used to conduct renal scans to determine the state of delivery of fluids through the kidneys and the manner in which waste products are concentrated in the kidneys and finally eliminated from the kidneys into the bladder.

Patients intending to go for MRI should complete the scanning questionnaire. In cases involving children and elderly people, consent from parents or a relative should be sought and such should help them fill out the questionnaire. A short interview should also follow the questionnaire and should focus mainly on the medical history of the patient.

The 3D fast spine imaging is another excellent clinical tool for imaging; however, FSE faces the problem of anisotropic voxels, partial volumes and slice gaps. 3D acquisition using FSE was applied many years ago; this method reduces parallel imaging and blurring hence reducing the imaging time (Ayache 2012).

For instance, the information gained from the specimens helps to decide on the therapy to use on a patient or whether to change the therapy and start a different approach to therapy. Furthermore, the specimens are a critical component in the collection and storage of patients’ data1.  As a result, the data can establish treatment follow up procedures such as the follow-up routines or surgical procedures.

Creating this circuit diagram requires a set of sequential devices that work hand in hand so as to ensure the intended operations are correctly achieved.  One of the tools that will make this circuit work is the stop valve. The stop valve will help in preventing the door from shutting up once it has been released. 

Balmer posits that matter can flow into as well as out of the system boundaries. With the view to the open systems, a rise in the system’s internal energy is the same as the increased energy to the system through the flowing of the matter as well as heating, less the amount of energy that the matter losses while flowing out as the work performed by the system.

These changes may be physical, chemical, or based on receptor and enzyme interactions with the drug. In brief, pharmacokinetics is what the body does to the drug and pharmacodynamics is what the drug does to the body.

The industrial sector is inconsistent development. The sector is working on every means of production available that will help to improve their level of production by increasing productivity in a more efficient and cheaper way. When it comes to power transmission from one point of the industry to another, there are three recognized methods of transmission.

The authors offer plausible interpretations of the data, clearly testing the thesis statement. The authors assume that the VSV-EBOV vaccine is important in the preventing Ebola virus and the finding concurs with the findings from other researchers. The data is accounted for by the author who has not left any portion of the same.

If the surface temperature of the solid is denoted by Ts and the bulk fluid temperature as T∞, then the required energy transfer rate between the fluid and the solid is proportional to the surface area for heat transfer A and the difference in temperature between the solid surface and the bulk fluid temperature. 

Fires in the compartment are usually fuel controlled while in the nascent and initial development stage and then as the fire decays and the demand for oxygen is reduced. However, as the fire grows the demand for oxygen increases, and at a certain point, this demand exceeds the available oxygen. Here, the fire transitions to ventilation control.  

A fluid, in which, the rate of shear strain at any point is proportional to the shear stress at that point is termed a Newtonian fluid. The proportionality constant is termed shear viscosity. In general, such fluids are purely atomic or diatomic, with relatively simple intermolecular interactions. An example of such fluids is water.

This usually triggers erosion of the blades. Hence the efficiency when superheating is 97.9% which is far much higher than 8.3% when without. This shows the effect of superheating on increasing the dryness of the steam to about 97%. Without superheating, 8.3% efficiency shows that more water droplets are released leading to increased erosion of the turbine.

The CFD methods were developed and the flow problems were solved through several numerical methods. The major objective of the simulation method is to understand the flow behavior for a particular set of inlet and outlet conditions of systems. The principles of fluid motion are usually applied in the applied fields of engineering and computer science.

When damping is added to the system, system response changes its behavior from un-damped to under-damped. If we change the system damping, then the settling time of the system varies inversely to the damping. If we increase the damping of the system then, peak time and %S reduces and vice versa.

As the object is being deformed, the foil is also experiencing deformation, causing a change in its electrical resistance. This change in resistance is determined by a Wheatstone bridge. A strain gauge utilizes the advantage of its physical property (electrical conductance) and the fact that it depends on the conductors.

Global climate change is hard, but, a critical reality.  According to Stanford Solar Centre ‘planet-wide studies indicate that the average surface temperature has increased by approximately 0.5 – 1.0 ̊ F over the last century’. The figures might seem minute, yet, it ‘is the largest increase in the surface temperature in the last 1,000 years’.

However, if it is too imaginative to the point of being absurd, audience members will dismiss it outright as just another inane novel or film. This paper examines some of the scientific principles portrayed in some scenes of the movie "Men in Black II" that deals with space aliens, space travel, and other innovative scientific ideas that are very futuristic in some scenes but unrealistic scenes.

A theory that had the greatest influence on the establishment of Relativity Theory was developed by Philosopher David Hume which maintained that time is not separated from the moving objects. Einstein based on this idea to arrive at his conclusion concerning the Theory of Relativity. For this to be possible, Einstein used two main principles.

One of the most intriguing aspects of science is that it is able to directly and measurably benefit mankind with the progress it makes in a relatively short amount of time after a discovery has been made.Like any field of study, even if it was initially a failure, can lead to building a rapidly evolving body of knowledge with a high potential for development. 

The components that make up the DC motor including the stator and rotor winding which are separately excited, in this case, have independent DC voltage sources. A single-phase diode bridge rectifier is used to feed a constant DC voltage to the motor stator. Achieving speed control is via the armature windings.

Titin is increasingly recognized as a determinant of myocyte stiffness and elastic recoil. Calcium and phosphorylation by PKA can evoke posttranslational modification in titin, which can dynamically affect the restoring force. When the myocytes are shortened below the equilibrium, forces in the titin molecule provide a speedy return to the unstressed length.

Reliable values were obtained only at 35 kW/m2 flux since at 45 kW/m2 flux all the values were reduced to zero in 4 minutes, at 25 kW/m2 all the values were reduced to zero in 5 minutes and at 55 kW/m2 flux the same thing happened at 6 minutes. The total heat evolved was slightly high at 55 kW/m2 compared to other fluxes.

When the viscous effects are ignored and only incompressible flow is considered in a fire simulation, the following governing equation is obtained:Vt + (V.∇)V + ∇P/p = 0…………………… (1)This equation factors in various parameters in the fire including its instantaneous velocities (Vt), absolute velocity (V), partial derivatives of its absolute velocity (∇), and pressure (∇P).  

Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equations (RANS equations) are defined as time-averaged fluid motion equations. The time-averaging of the main flow field in the RANS method is performed in such a way that all the contributing fluctuating components are placed in Reynolds stresses, which are modeled directly.

Two main parameters determine the dynamics of enclosure fires. Those are the enclosure properties and fuel properties. A brief description of those is provided. We first examine the enclosure properties, by beginning with the enclosure geometry. The most important factor here is the size of the enclosure.

Viscosity can be defined as the internal friction acting within a fluid and denotes the liquid’s resistance to flow. A high viscosity indicates a high resistance to flow while a low viscosity indicates a low resistance to flow. Viscosity is also a measure of the rate of flow (Lewis: 108). Viscosity is a quantitative property and can be used as an index in quality control of fluids.

This research has accounted for the analysis of the earthing systems when they are subjected to high impulse inputs such as those that occur during lightning. The experimental results and the simulated results show that the measured values have good agreement with the simulated or calculated values.

According to Dill, Richard A & Whitesides, R. Harold (Eleventh Workshop for Computational Fluid Dynamic Applications in Rocket Propulsion, Part 1 p 793-835): Navier-Stokes CFD analysis is very important to predict the internal flow field environment in a solid rocket motor during the design phase of a motor development program. 

When X pushes or pulls Y, it is possible to feel the force. Force in physics is defined as that which can cause a mass to accelerate and it may be experienced as a lift, a push, or a pull. Further, the acceleration of the body is proportional to the vector sum of all forces acting on it that is known as net force or resultant force.

The experiment tends to involve the analysis of strain in the laboratory, calculation comparison by deploying the use of the method described as Mohr’s circle, and furthermore the validation of the part by application of Solid Works program. Finally, the full outcomes and conclusion will be drawn from the activity and possible sources in relation to any error that may occur will be addressed.

For the major religious organizations of the world such as Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, the pursuit of scientific knowledge is not generally regarded as theologically intimidating.  For example, Islamic scholars emphasize that scientific discoveries are simply the continuation of divinely ordained revelations to man.