Essays on contrastive analysis

The basis of Contrastive Analysis hypothesis is the behavioral psychology that reflects in Skinner's theory of stimulus response.... Another psychological basis of Contrastive Analysis hypothesis is associationism.... According to the paper the Contrastive Analysis hypothesis supposes that the learners develop an understanding of the second language through the lens of their first language.... The Contrastive Analysis hypothesis essentially underestimates the learners' ability to see, understand, analyze, and interpret the forms and structures of the second language that lie outside the canvas of their first language....

Thus researchers used Contrastive Analysis to predict the areas that need attention... Error analysis and English Language Writing.... Background of Error analysis Earlier in 1960's, behaviorist theory formed the basis of second language acquisition, which weighed language acquisition not more than just acquiring set of new language skills....

Contrastive Analysis of English and other Arabic Languages Name: Institution: Contrastive Analysis of English and other Arabic Languages Introduction Second language learning among learners has posed a challenge to learners in their bid to try and become identical with the native speakers.... This desire remains unachieved because of Pronunciation difficulties as local speakers usually recognize persons as non-native speakers because of their accent (Kharma, N. & Hajjaj, A.1989): Second language...

Several theories have been advanced, and one such theory is the Contrastive Analysis This is a process that explains the comparative aspects of the Mother tongue (MT) and the Target Language (TL).... Contrastive Analysis has been conducted on many languages.... Contrastive Analysis has faced some criticism and thus other theories emerged to fill the gap.... James, C 1980, Contrastive Analysis.... Errors can be studied through a process called error analysis as discussed earlier....

The emotional basis takes the shape of the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis.... As a result, in accordance with the weak theory, Contrastive Analysis requires to work together with an Error study.... In order to theorize that the errors in a body are interference errors, a genuine Contrastive Analysis should have taken place (Bhatia & Ritchie, p.... Preferably, the emotional aspect of Contrastive Analysis should manage the situations in which interference takes place....

What is your understanding of Contrastive Analysis? ... ritical Submodalities account for the difference between two different internal representations when Submodalities are compared through Contrastive Analysis. ... ontrastive analysis is a process whereby two sets of submodalities are analysed to discover the Critical Submodalities. ...

An analysis of the morpheme acquisition by the learners of English as a foreign language confirms this difficulty with regard to the acquisition of English articles and it was found in a study by Brown (1973) that the articles 'a' and 'the' came at numbers nine and ten in the acquisition of fourteen morphemes....

This essay aims to look at controversial outlook about the move of the first language on the acquisition of second from the theories of (CA) Contrastive Analysis, (CR) Contrastive Rhetoric and (CC) Creative Construction and (CUP) Constructive Underlying Proficiency.... This essay aims to look at controversial outlook about the move of first language on the acquisition of second from the theories of (CA) Contrastive Analysis, (CR) Contrastive Rhetoric and (CC) Creative Construction and (CUP) Constructive Underlying Proficiency. ...

) Contrastive Analysis, error analysis, and error treatment ... ontrastive analysis: - It is a theory that identifies a languages structural difference with its similarities.... rror analysis: - Here the major causes of and types of language errors are closely scrutinized.... Error analysis enables instructors to easily identify sources of errors....

Contrastive Analysis explains why some aspects of a target language are much harder to acquire compared to others.... Error analysis, on other hand, revealed that Contrastive Analysis cannot predict most errors, even though its most significant aspects have been integrated into the research of language transfer.... ontrastive analysis Hypothesis (CAH) and Error analysis (EA) ... ontrastive analysis refers to the systematic study of language pairs with an aim of identifying their structural similarities and differences (Ullman, 2001)....

Sources referring to the difficulties of learning tense morphemes include the Contrastive Analysis of Arabic and English Verbs in Tense, Aspect, and Structure, by Mohamed Kaleefa Al-Aswald and The Acquisition of Tense in English: Distinguishing child second language from first language and specific language impairment, by Johanne Paradis, among others.... Contrastive Analysis of Arabic and English Verbs in Tense, Aspect, and Structure.... Once obtained, the probes will grade the scores for an accuracy of tense morphemes and will also perform an analysis of variance between test groups....

In the essay 'Language and Communication: Thailand' the author discusses Thai people.... Most topics are open to conversation, but never ever discuss the monarchy or issues such as national security.... If educated abroad, Thais are always quite keen to talk about their experiences there.... ... ...

Contrastive Analysis, comparison and evaluation of each articles 6 ... Contrastive Analysis, comparison and evaluation of each articles ... This part of the paper is based on evaluation, comparison and Contrastive Analysis of big data (Gomaa, 2013, p.... Moreover, this editorial notes can be implemented in future work and opening new analysis in management study....

The Legal and Ethical Framework of the Physiotherapeutic Profession: A Contrastive Analysis of German and British Physiotherapy Guidelines and Practices 1 ... he Legal and Ethical Framework of the Physiotherapeutic Profession: A Contrastive Analysis of German and British Physiotherapy Guidelines and Practices ... Through a Contrastive Analysis of the professional guidelines for physiotherapeutic practice in both Germany and the United Kingdom, the ethical and legal differentials shall be highlighted, with the argument centring on the necessity for standardisation as a strategy for the establishment, and subsequent maintenance, of a best practice framework for the profession....

Contrastive Analysis is a linguistic process that explains the comparative aspects of the mother tongue and the second language.... ?A Contrastive Analysis of the Use of Verb Forms in English and Arabic.... The study will employ comparative analysis and Error analysis to achieve this Aim.... ames defined Error analysis as the process of specifying causes, nature, sequences, and consequences of unsuccessful language....

Contrastive Analysis The concepts that are read in “The Manis of the Forst” begin with the idea of being lost as an animal which becomes a pet.... The different elements that are a part of poetry create various responses and perspectives that are seen throughout the poem.... When comparing the poems “The Manis of the Forest” and “Rain,” it can be seen that there are both similarities and differences which arise....

Limited vocabulary is learned in the context involving teaching points established by Contrastive Analysis between L1 and L2.... Literary texts do not apply grammatical analysis.... The author of the paper "Language Teaching Methods" will begin with the statement that direct teaching entails teaching entirely in the target language, where the learner has no permission to apply his or her mother tongue....

As I predicted in my Contrastive Analysis, the interviewee did make quite a few errors in the pronunciation of words containing /p/, including the words “people,” “improving”, “appears”, and “patience”.... This paper, Diagnostic Assessment of an Arabic Speaker, will observe the Arabic speaker's pronunciation and compare and contrast her pronunciation errors to discover if the mistakes made fit into common pronunciation errors seen by Arabic learners of English....

Moreover, it outlines the skills that should be mastered and expected levels of achievement, prescribed syllabus, program components, learners' present needs, anticipated needs, register analysis, Contrastive Analysis, and error analysis.... In Contrastive Analysis, instructors ought to identify some of the challenges that learners might face in their learning process....

His contention is apparent in the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (Carruthers, 2006) which indicates the comparison for two languages can be applied to as a means of predicting areas which may cause difficulties to learners (Gass and Selinker, 2001).... Pronunciation difficulties of Japanese speakers of English: Predictions based on a Contrastive Analysis.... From this analysis, it is apparent to note that there are difficulties for Japanese speakers in English, especially as the Japanese language has only five vowels, as compared to numerous vowels in the English language....

The volume also presents examples of Contrastive Analysis, which are of use for all those who deal professionally with these two languages.... This essay "Contrasting Valancy in English and German" is about a linguistic concept that is basically seen as a lexicological phenomenon that is of relevance to syntax....

Many grammar books exist in almost all languages dealing with rules for speaking or writing the particular language concerned, or a particular analysis of the rules of the language.... In the paper 'The Acquisition of English Simple Past Tense' the author analyzes the use of three languages very widely spoken and written in the world now: English, Chinese and Spanish languages....

Contrastive Analysis.... A Contrastive Analysis of selected English and Arabic prepositions with pedagogical implications.... Moreover, the analysis of translations was based on existing and formal written work rather than under experimental conditions. ... Phonological analysis of English phonotactics: a case study of Arab learners of English.... In the research paper 'A contrastive Study between English and Arabic Prepositional Phrases' the author discusses a number of communication problems in all four languages skills for Arabic speaking learners of the English language....

In the Saudi Arabian setting, it behoves the teacher to make an error/Contrastive Analysis between first language (Arabic) and second language (English) in order to come up with an appropriate model to convey each aspect of the language i.... In Saudi Arabia, the learners and users encounter different issues to do with error/Contrastive Analysis and so it is important to have grounding in this area to understand how and why problems occur. ... Discourse analysis....

Earlier studies had shown that learning English by Arabic speaking students is characterized more by negative transfer rather than positive transfer as explained by the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (Montrul, 2010).... As proposed by the theory of Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis, the learners will tend to catalogue the key areas of difference by comparatively analyzing the systems of both the foreign and native languages in an effort to develop more effective learning material (Montrul, 2010) ...

A comparative and Contrastive Analysis of the four religions convince one that Buddhism and Taoism offered greater freedom to women whereas in Hinduism and Confucianism women had to play a passive and submissive role both in their social and religious lives.... However, a close analysis of the religious and social practices in Hinduism shows that the prevalence of female deities and goddesses has not brought about great changes to the life of women in Hinduism. ...

In the early 1960s, employing Contrastive Analysis, it was strongly believed that L1 had major influence over L2 acquisition.... Linguistic analysis, 20, 3–49.... This paper "Bilingualism and Second Language Acquisition" focuses on the issues at the intersection of second language acquisition and bilingualism that have proven to have longevity....

Using their knowledge about the two languages, teachers can be able to begin by a Contrastive Analysis to find out the similarities and differences.... irstly, According to Cook as quoted by Cutting (2010),L2 learning is pegged on an analysis and understanding of the target language as a whole.... The basic unit of phonetic analysis is the phone which is usually transcribed within square brackets....

ontrastive analysis Hypothesis (CAH) and Error analysis (EA) ... From the paper "Second Language Acquisition Theories" it is clear that first language learning and second learning acquisition are important and they are key factors to the excellence of the learner and success at a later stage in the life of the student....

Similarly, it is a research limitation that the study does not have a sample population to undertake a comparative or Contrastive Analysis.... This paper "How Experiences of Being Looked After May Contribute to Teenage Pregnancy" presents an investigation to unveil the causes and realities behind early pregnancy or teenage pregnancy among the young people put in care....

379), the approach could have been derived from Contrastive Analysis of the differences that exist between target, and native language.... The author of the paper "The Effects of Aptitude on Language Learning" will begin with the statement that 'language-learning aptitude' varies among individuals and affects their classroom learning success (but at least some aspects of aptitude can be learned)....

Therefore, a Contrastive Analysis of L1 and L2, he thought, will help predict the areas of difficulty in L2.... The analysis of the Errors Made by an Arab ESL learner Englishis taught as Second Language in many Arab Countries.... n the light of this analysis the researcher will determine how much progress the learner has made since she started her learning in English language.... An analysis of the errors made by her would help us evaluate the problematic areas for her....

Relative Clauses, the Accessibility Hierarchy, and the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis.... If they differ greatly from pairing to pairing then an analysis of the reasons needs to be undertaken. ... Young and Milanovic's analysis of the one-to-one FCE interview (1992) indicated that the resulting examiner-candidate discourse was highly asymmetrical in terms of features of dominance, contingency and goal-orientation.... Old tests tended to try to come to some objective analysis as to the amount of vocabulary that the candidate possesses, their skill with grammar and where they can be placed on a continuum of other learners....

Using the Richard's non-contrastive Contrastive Analysis and error analysis approach, with an aim of finding out why the learners had difficulty with the use of English third person-s, Chan (2007, p.... As the paper "Libyan English as a Foreign Language Learners Difficulties in Acquiring and Using the Third Persons" tells, teaching experience has indicated that EFL learners in most cases fail to indicate the third person singular verb suffixes: -ies, -s and –es regardless of the proficiency level....

The paper "Investigating English Language Teaching and Learning" states that a learner's first language in the English classroom is a contradictory and controversial pedagogical issue.... The structural arrangement of the two languages is so different that conformity becomes a challenge.... .... ...

Contrastive Analysis of the data would be conducted in order to either support or refute the hypothesis of the study.... The results obtained from the first question could be processed with help of quantitative analysis and further transformed into percentage.... A paper "The Effectiveness of Music as a Mnemonic Device on Recognition Memory" claims that studies devoted to this topic researched it in different aspects such as an effect of peak experiences on music perception and memories retrieval, relations between music, and autobiographical memory....

(2004) Contrastive Analysis in Language: Identifying Linguistic Units of Comparison.... McCarthy and Carter (1997) argue that a great deal on the nature of spoken discourse has been revealed through advancement in corpus, conversational and discourse analysis to show its divergence from written discourse....

Research that has concentrated on the topic of error correction in L2 classrooms in the recent decades has continued to raise the questions developed by Hendrickson (1978) in his analysis of error correction in foreign language classrooms.... This paper 'Error Correction in Language Teaching and Learning' will try to answer this question by analyzing some of the historical and current assumptions about error correction in the area of linguistic research....

The paper seeks to make a probe into the various aspects of capital punishment and it emphasizes that capital punishment should be abolished in the United States as it does not deter other criminals, as there is the increased risk of innocents being executed.... ... ... ... The death penalty has been an issue of controversy and debate for ages and one comes across a large number of arguments for and against capital punishment system....

The study which came under the framework of Contrastive Analysis showed that the native language of the learners had a great influence in their perception of the targeted language.... This research study would look into the hows and whys of the difficulty faced by the individual in our case study and try to come up with an analysis or remedies based on all the data that is collected....

These models facilitate analysis of the implications of specific conjectures related to the processes and representations underlying the development of reading skills.... "Issues Relating to Dyslexia with a Special Focus on the Education Perspective for Children" paper deals with the debatable issues surrounding the practice of definition for dyslexia....

The paper "Different Spellings for Various Pronunciations between American and British English" clears up there are words with pronunciation different between GAE and RP, however with the same meaning.... The difference arises in how those words are articulated, in terms of pronunciation and accent....

ne of the statistical approaches that are used in measuring collocation of words is collexeme analysis, which quantifies the degree to which certain words are either attracted to or repelled by “syntactically defied slots in grammatical patterns or constructions.... On the basis of analysis of a parts-of-speech tagged corpora, Hudson(1994) found that the percentage of words in written English that are nouns appeared to be consistent at around 37%, after noting that “the super class the includes pronouns as well as common and proper nouns is clearly what most linguists would call simply ‘nouns'....

This work called "Translation of English Movies to Chinese" focuses on the hidden approaches involved in the processes of conducting movie translation and be able to appreciate the challenges which are involved in the process.... The author outlines the challenges facing the translation industry....

In the paper “Teachers' Perception of Leadership” Researchers the author analyzes many issues, which influence teachers' job satisfaction in a significant way.... He believes that measuring job satisfaction is challenging because teachers are not in harmony with what satisfies them throughout their career....

Contrary to the approaches that reduce the role of either syntax or phonology to a secondary place, this paper provides a more fine grained and consequently more coherent analysis of IS facts.... uestion 5: contrastive Focus and Presentational Focus in Languages ... In various languages, the type of focus whether contrastive focus or presentational focus normally depends on the structural position of a constituent in a sentence.... An empirical study conducted by (Kiss, 1998) to investigate the patterns of contrastive focus or presentational focus in English, Italian, Rumanian, Arabic, Greek, Hungarian and Finnish particularly revealed that there are marked differences in the use of contrastive focus or presentational focus particularly with regard to the syntactic structure and phonological representation....

The second class will encompass an analysis of comparative and contrastive structures (Zemach, and Rumisek, 2005, 41-44).... This paper explores the challenges Chinese students encounter as they seek further education in English- speaking universities.... It also seeks to identify their specific learning needs as well as an overall aim....

This case study "analysis of Dr Hannibal Lecter: Comparing and Contrasting of Two Practice Theories" discusses both Social Exchange Theory and Motivational Theory that are appropriate in the case of the client to assess as well as devise the strategies for his intervention.... Cory D Cobern Case analysis of Dr Hannibal Lecter: Comparing and Contrasting of Two Practice Theories George Mason Case analysis of Dr Hannibal Lecter: ... wo theories selected for the case analysis of Dr Hannibal Lecter are Crisis Intervention Theory and Case Management Theory....

Sometimes, two words that don't seam completely opposite in meaning, could be more different after a simple component analysis.... ith the help of componential analysis we can see that the two words have the field of human characteristics in common.... It was traditionally classified as a contrastive paradigmatic construction (meaning a complex lexical construction that unifies with other constructions, resulting in syntagmatic usage).... egated Antonymy (not, instead, as opposed to) –Assertion of X and the negation of Y form a negated contrastive construction....

analysis, and treatment.... Another technique uses the manipulation of temporal or prosodic variables via metronomic pacing, vibrotactile stimulation, contrastive stress drill, prompts for restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets, and melodic intonation therapy.... Another technique uses the manipulation of temporal or prosodic variables via metronomic pacing, vibro-tactile stimulation, contrastive stress drill, prompts for restructuring oral muscular phonetic targets (PROMPT), and melodic intonation therapy (Wambaugh et al....