The Concept of Men Reaching Midlife Crisis - Essay Example

Midlife Crisis of Men at Age 50 The concept of men reaching midlife crisis as well as depression by the age of 50 is the main focus of this article.The main focus of this study is to learn what some of the signs are before one goes through a midlife crisis so the problem can be anticipated and stopped before it happens. The main results occurred through interviews of several men who had been through the crisis with 10 themes that appeared in the results and all contributed to midlife crisis. Physical and mental health as well as aging were found to be a pattern among men at this age and led to the midlife crisis problem by the age of 50. From the author’s viewpoint, the research that was done was inefficient because of various factors with the research. The first was that the researchers expected to anticipate what the problems were among men that were about to go through a midlife crisis. However, there was no examination over their current status, whether they were in a midlife crisis and what environmental factors were surrounding them. The study became inefficient because of the lack of dependent variables as well as the inability of observing some of the extra concepts that are associated with the crisis and how it may affect health and mental concepts that attribute to responses from men at this age. Effect of Job Stress and Management on Low Back Pain The research article that is presented is designed to show how job stress relates to lower back pain, as well as how stress management can alleviate lower back pain. The main focus is to show how stress management relates to those that have job stress. The study provided a control group that didn’t have back pain as well as a group that had back pain from job stress and others that had therapies for stress management to alleviate back pain. The main concept was to show how stress management could help to alleviate back pain that came from back pain and which could provide better options for those that were suffering from the pain. The author’s critique of this article is based on the irrelevancy of the claims made as well as the approach toward the study. The claim that was initially made for job stress and back pain was casual and was never proven by the researchers. More importantly, the scores and the final options were not measurable because the pretest scores were too different. The stress management was also not conducive and couldn’t be measured in a correct manner to show that it was related to stress management. The study didn’t provide enough follow up or further information to show an elimination of job stress. Evaluation of Health Maintenance Organizations The focus of this article was to show the main concepts related to health maintenance organizations and how they work with patients through the internal organization. The research study focused on some of the organizations that were in the community and evaluated how they cared for different patients as well as what the outcome was for health maintenance. The hospitals as well as the patients were given a survey for effectiveness. The study found that there were several gaps for health maintenance organizations and that the provisions for patients were not effective in providing the correct components within the organization. The author’s critique of this article was based on the way in which the main analysis occurred. The study wasn’t defined well enough and the hypothesis was too vague. More importantly, there was not an understanding of the needs of the patients or the procedures of the hospitals for complete maintenance. These gaps and vague descriptions then made the theme for the study impossible to prove and ineffective in providing a complete conclusion on how health maintenance organizations are functioning. Effects of Jury Selection Consultation The main focus on this particular research study is to show how jury selection changes the way in which most think as well as the consultation levels that are a part of the process of a jury. The main problem that the author notes is that there is a lack of fairness and effectiveness for jury selection. This leads to results in the consultation that are not fair and which don’t determine the completeness of a given situation. The main research was based on understanding how the jury selection related to psychological differences and social science techniques that were specific to the outcome of the selection process. The researcher found that the results were based on how well the jury members were able to consult with each other, usually which led to positive results. The author’s main critique of this article is that the research study couldn’t determine the actual circumstances or what was occurring during the jury process. Even though the consultation may have had favorable outcomes, it may or may not have been dependent on the consultation or the way in which individuals approached the circumstances. The findings were then based only on opinion of the author and a bias toward the events that occurred. Contingency Reinforcement in the Treatment of Talking Aloud to Self The article that is presented is based on the personality of one speaking to themselves and continuing to justify different situations by speaking aloud. The author claims that contingency reinforcement will provide a way for individuals to stop speaking to themselves as an effective treatment. The researcher studied several individuals who speak to themselves and used contingency reinforcement to monitor their behaviors and to decide if they could stop speaking to themselves. The participants used the method of a reinforcer for different responses and the behaviors were monitored. The author’s critique of this specific article is based on the way in which it was approached, the hypothesis as well as the outcome. The author notes that there is not a definitive guide that proves that talking to one’s self is a psychological disorder or needs a treatment. The concept of contingency reinforcement then becomes invalid. More importantly, the concept of contingency reinforcement in the study can’t be monitored correctly and the outcome becomes displaced. The inability to see how talking to one’s self changes over time as well as the alterations that occur in this instance lead to changes in how one speaks to themselves making the monitoring and results inconclusive. The Effect of Race on IQ Scores The main point of this article is to show that race changes how one approaches IQ scores. The main group that is focused on is Native Americans, with the hypothesis that the culture and the different functions with Native Americans has changed the ability to provide the same score answers for an IQ and lead to results that are ineffective. When looking at this project, there is a focus on a Native American group for IQ scores and an alternative group. The author shows the difference between the two scores to state that there is a difference on tests because of the race and the culture that is associated with this. The author’s main critique of this article is based on the way that the research study is conducted and the assumed alterations that come from the results. The author doesn’t conduct the study without assumptions from the hypothesis. The groups that are considered aren’t looked into closely, specifically through the background or education that they have, but are simply monitored by race. The author also states that there is not a large enough group of people to show effective results and to make a statement that it is specifically linked to race that changes the IQ of individuals. The dependent variables that aren’t mentioned and the assumptions that are made all show inadequate results in the study. Social Effects on Tax Deadline The main hypothesis of this article is that the tax deadline that occurs every year effects society and different social groups. This is dependent on meeting the deadline as well as the way in which taxes have to be approached by the public. The author states that this fluctuates the way in which society functions as well as the approach that they have to society. More importantly, there are social effects that change with the overall activities in society, such as spending and care in the home. The research that is conducted through this study is one that is based on monitoring a group of society during the tax deadline and after to determine how it changes in society. The author’s critique of this specific article is based on the overall approach and statements made by the author. The assumptions that are made in the hypothesis create a bias with how the main concepts in the research are conducted. More importantly, the researcher doesn’t evaluate the way in which individuals and society at large responds to other potential events and dependent variables, making the approach to the study and the expected results vague. Comparative Effectiveness of Teacher Management Styles The main approach to this article is based on teacher management styles in a fifth grade classroom. The hypothesis states that the teacher management styles will change the effectiveness of how students learn and will determine whether they are able to move forward with their studies. To conduct this, the researcher examined several teacher styles in the classroom as well as the student responses that were conducted with the conclusion that the way in which teacher’s managed children led to direct results in their learning. The author’s critique of this specific research was based on the inability to completely evaluate the different concepts associated with the learning. The teaching styles were not thoroughly looked into and the students background, understanding of a subject and other dependent variables were not considered. These would have all made a direct change in how well students learned and would have made a difference in the outcome of student learning. References Meltzoff, Julian. (1998). Critical Thinking About Research. 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The research study focused on some of the organizations that were in the community and evaluated how they cared for different patients as well as what the outcome was for health maintenance. The hospitals as well as the patients were given a survey for effectiveness. The study found that there were several gaps for health maintenance organizations and that the provisions for patients were not effective in providing the correct components within the organization. The author’s critique of this article was based on the way in which the main analysis occurred.

The study wasn’t defined well enough and the hypothesis was too vague. More importantly, there was not an understanding of the needs of the patients or the procedures of the hospitals for complete maintenance. These gaps and vague descriptions then made the theme for the study impossible to prove and ineffective in providing a complete conclusion on how health maintenance organizations are functioning. Effects of Jury Selection Consultation The main focus on this particular research study is to show how jury selection changes the way in which most think as well as the consultation levels that are a part of the process of a jury.

The main problem that the author notes is that there is a lack of fairness and effectiveness for jury selection. This leads to results in the consultation that are not fair and which don’t determine the completeness of a given situation. The main research was based on understanding how the jury selection related to psychological differences and social science techniques that were specific to the outcome of the selection process. The researcher found that the results were based on how well the jury members were able to consult with each other, usually which led to positive results.

The author’s main critique of this article is that the research study couldn’t determine the actual circumstances or what was occurring during the jury process. Even though the consultation may have had favorable outcomes, it may or may not have been dependent on the consultation or the way in which individuals approached the circumstances. The findings were then based only on opinion of the author and a bias toward the events that occurred. Contingency Reinforcement in the Treatment of Talking Aloud to Self The article that is presented is based on the personality of one speaking to themselves and continuing to justify different situations by speaking aloud.

The author claims that contingency reinforcement will provide a way for individuals to stop speaking to themselves as an effective treatment. The researcher studied several individuals who speak to themselves and used contingency reinforcement to monitor their behaviors and to decide if they could stop speaking to themselves. The participants used the method of a reinforcer for different responses and the behaviors were monitored. The author’s critique of this specific article is based on the way in which it was approached, the hypothesis as well as the outcome.

The author notes that there is not a definitive guide that proves that talking to one’s self is a psychological disorder or needs a treatment. The concept of contingency reinforcement then becomes invalid. More importantly, the concept of contingency reinforcement in the study can’t be monitored correctly and the outcome becomes displaced. The inability to see how talking to one’s self changes over time as well as the alterations that occur in this instance lead to changes in how one speaks to themselves making the monitoring and results inconclusive.

The Effect of Race on IQ Scores The main point of this article is to show that race changes how one approaches IQ scores. The main group that is focused on is Native Americans, with the hypothesis that the culture and the different functions with Native Americans has changed the ability to provide the same score answers for an IQ and lead to results that are ineffective.

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