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The state governments have cardinal responsibilities to ensure that there is food security for citizens because this affects, directly, the economic and social stability of a country. In Kenya, the staple food is maize. Other sources however include wheat, rice, sweet and Irish potatoes, beans, and traditional foods which include millet, sorghum, yams, cassava, and arrowroots.
The discussion is based on the various perspectives of security within International Relations. In the hegemonic theory of International Relations, security is given a central debate. During the cold war, national security dominated the security concept. The major concern of security during the time was the military capabilities.
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Beeson and McDonald have demonstrated that despite the bargaining advantage that the middle powers have, they have failed to chart a clear course with regard to climate change action. The authors illustrate adaptation should not be the priority of climatic change. The article has used illustrations from various reports that have failed to drum up support for climatic change action.
There has been a strong debate in academic and international politics as to whether or not Third World remains a major player in international politics as it did before the Cold War. The opinion of scholars and historians have divided almost equally regarding the position of the Third World in International Politics.
Development may include improvement in social wellbeing, GDP, infrastructures, healthcare system, literacy rates, and so forth (Cilliers and Schünemann, 2013). On the other hand, security can be defined as a defense posture that has been characterized by the ability to overcome or resists “destructive action or hostile action” from external or/and internal aggressions (Paleri 2008).
Global Trade security (2015) can add issues like security, trade, and international commitments. The dilemma can be seen in the context of a country having a difficult choice to be made between two parties. These can be countries or Alliances consisting of countries. This can be seen especially in the case of both choices being undesirable to the nation.
This paper gives an overview of the process of democratization in Spain and Sweden and proceeds to account for their similarities and differences for early and late cases. This is followed by a brief analysis of how authoritarian governments, communism, and internal conflicts delayed democracy in Spain.
The United States continuously claimed Cuba for primarily bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war. Contrary, the United States administration was responsible for the missile due to their obsession to overturn the Cuban revolution. According to Perez (2003), Cuba and the United States' relations changed dramatically after 1959.
In the history of the world, there has been a large number of people moving from one state to another. For example, 59 million people are estimated to have migrated away from Europe to other parts of the world between the years 1846 and 1930. Statistics from organizations such as United Nations and International Organisation for Migration show that global migration levels have been increasing.
China has been undertaking economic reforms which have opened up its market to the outside world. The immigration policy and the legal framework constituting it had been changing in China since the middle of the 1980s and it is continuing to evolve. China is currently moderating its immigration policy in coping with the new demands and the continued increase in the number of immigrants.
The military exercise and training, as well as intelligence information, are still being shared by the two long-term allies. The military coups in Thailand have been led by the rivalry between the rich living in the urban areas and the poor living. The violence evident in the southern provinces of Thailand is funded by foreign Muslim states with an aim of creating an independent Islam state.
In liberal democracies, people are organized on constitutional values that promote a self-governing community, national sovereignty and territorial nation-state, self-determination, and domestic jurisdiction. Liberal democracies see regimes as empowering states by cooperating in the quest for globalization, the common good, prosperous when endorsed by compassionate hegemon and liberal world order.
State failure can be loosely defined as a situation whereby a state cannot perform the functions that are expected to perform for its citizens. This means that a failed state is one that does not provide the essential public goods and services that states are expected to provide to their citizens, such as security, other public infrastructure.
Whereas there are many theories in countless literature explaining all that there is to know about public policy and public participation, this essay examines the importance of public participation in policymaking in a clear and concise manner. Discussed herein also are guidelines that can be used to design an efficient citizen-centered public participation process.
Some factions of political commentators applaud this transition in political activism as an alternatively effective though radical narrative of democratic participation. Commentary support of social movements as a contemporary vehicle for democratization is cited on the outcome of the recent struggles by pro-democracy social activism in the African continent against the autocratic regimes.
Unipolarity can be defined as an international distribution of power in which only one state excels in all measures of material power. The conclusion of the Cold War meant that the preceding decades’ superpower competition now had come to an end. The traditional East versus West conflict had come to an end or was no longer as it used to be earlier in the 20th century.
The numerous endemic problems that Pacific island is facing can best be tackled by island intergovernmental cooperation. Poor governance, economic decline, weak political institutions as well as public dissatisfaction are matters that most of the island countries need to deal with and it might be helpful when it is done as a community.
Southeast Asia comprises 11 states that stretch out between the Indian subcontinent and China. Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma), Laos, and Vietnam are the countries forming the mainland of Southeast Asia. Insular Southeast Asia is made up of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore as well as the most recent East Timor.
ISIS is one of the terror groups which arose from the famous al-Qaida (Vice news, 2014). It is in control of two states, Iraq and Syria in terms of terror activities. The measure by which the ISIS and Jabhat groups have been extending their operations to other wings of the globe is a real cause of concern.
The social contract sometimes referred to as the political contract, sounds at first glance like a modern idea, but in fact, instances are recorded as far back as the second century B.C.E. and it is described in the early Buddhist text the Mahavastu, ( Translated Jones 1956) where it deals with monastic discipline in particular.
Although its leadership claims that they are not a party but rather a freedom movement, some wonder whether this statement is a political strategy to remain relevant. Politics is all about staying relevant. If it is indeed a political plan then it is working well because the majority of South Africans are favoring it more compared to opposing parties; it is still the number one political party.
The monarch/ republic debate in Australia is concerned with whether the nation should adopt the constitutional monarch system of government and try to adopt a republican style of governance. The core drive within this motion is that the monarch's system of government should be brought to a halt.
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The article gives focus to internal sources of insecurity such as ethnic clashes and other tensions in the community. In giving the explanation, Collins adopts the approach of contrasting assimilationist or accommodationist approaches towards understanding the responsibility of nation-building in societies that are multicultural.
This paper seeks to express concern over the federal government’s new policies and legislations that prohibit the packaging and the use of brand imagery, logos, and promotional text on tobacco products. This is based on the premise that the new Tobacco Plain Packaging Regulations and the Tobacco Plain Packaging Act 2011 contravene Australia’s international trade agreements such as the TPPA.
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The use of the term “middle power” gained prominence in the political sphere after the Second World War. Although it has been construed to have varied meanings, the concept of middle power has been socially constructed over time through repetitive political usage. Scholars have attempted to identify a middle power nation using two methods.
Such practices as formulation of political objectives, regulation of the conflict, and mobilization support do revolve around the concept of power. It follows that politics and political theory are inseparable from the power incentive. It is inevitable to present factual accounts in relation to political theory by means of political conceptualization of ideas.
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This paper analyses the background literature on the relationship between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Iran, and it has the following objectives:
Analyze policy-related and academic literature on the relationship between the KSA and Iran.
Critically examine the literature on past interventions that have substantially affected the relationship between the KSA and Iran.
The number of political parties within any country determines if the country has a multiparty, bi-party, or single-party system. Hong Kong has a multi-party system that is characterized by the presence of more than two political parties. According to Kirchheimer, political parties can be structured in two ways.
The nationalism principle of the right to self-determination is a complex issue for the international community. Confusion over this principle stems largely from the failure of international human rights documents to define precisely who is entitled to the right of self-determination and what the right confers in particular (Hannum 2011).
The fact that democracy is dependent on the willingness of the ruling government to commit to the responsibility of looking after its citizens, may also leave their human rights vulnerable to infringement. Politicians can amend the rights provided in the Australian constitution at will and they need to be protected by adopting a bill of rights to guarantee their guard against alteration.
Hong Kong is highly autonomous with its own rule of law and legislature. The legitimacy of a political system can depend on the culture of politics or how the system performs. The regimes that are non-authoritarian in nature often try to legitimize themselves by achieving political stability or economic prosperity.
Someone would be surprised by how much less toxic politics took the argument of abortion in the 80s. Given how political debates regarding abortion have been fixated on the overruling of Roe, the conflicts are not seen among different political divides. We assessed the reasons why abortion has become such a prominent issue in American politics.
The rationalists look for the conditions of the domestic institutions. For other groups working from the advanced social level, it is purposed to draw in a huge angle of the transnational actors which are seen as sanctioned by democratization in the society or the international institutionalization. Despite the benefits we experience in the institution, there are weaknesses experienced.
The theory of liberalism demands that some rights should be observed which include the right to fair trial among others. The personalities that are feted for the rise of liberalism are John Locke and Montesquieu. As the paper outlines, there are two branches of liberalism: classical and social or welfare liberalism.
From the tireless efforts of UNICEF, individuals have decided to come out and sponsor the organization such as a famous footballer, Lionel Messi. Despite the organization working efficiently with other organizations, they also come together to ensure that education and other literacy programs are the major initiatives that they look towards and make sure they accomplish.
Tocqueville considers the problems facing the U.S. democracy. Many of the challenges are founded in societal tendencies and attitudes, but there also exists a few difficulties in the institutions, e.g. the dominance of legislative power. Given that the legislature is mostly the representative of the people’s will, democracies incline to accord it the most power in all branches of the government.
Human rights adherence has gained more justified expression through the ICC. In the international criminal prosecution of the perpetrators after W W II according to Nuremberg, there existed two groups who were subjected to international law. This was similar to the initial decision made towards discovery and the ICC governing council.
Japan is an independent state located in the Pacific Ocean, East of Asia. It has a population of 127 million people and covers an area of 377,835 sq. km. The inhabitants of Japan are called the Japanese and the most dominant religions practiced here are Buddhism, Shinto, and Christianity. 99 percent of the Japanese are literate. Other interesting facts include having a $ 34,300 per Capita GDP.
All that Congress can do under these circumstances is to indulge in criticism against the president for having failed to inform the public about his unilateral action. As such Congress has failed to fulfill its duty towards the war powers. The US president has been exercising unilateral war powers in an unconstitutional manner.
A nongovernmental organization is an organization that is set up and funded by ordinary citizens. In some cases, NGOs are funded by governments and other organizations. However, their main funders are volunteers. The activities carried out by NGOs vary depending on the nature of the formation of the NGO. Some are known for their charitable status based on their activities to the needy societies.
In the totalitarian regime, featuring Nazi Germany, it's illegal to oppose the ruling party, freedom of speech is regulated, and the authoritative government controls both private and public life by using propaganda. The emergence of the totalitarian regime, therefore, had some factors behind in support for the party to rule.
From a general perspective, there has been increased speculation on the successful strategy frameworks that countries use while adopting a working defense system. Every country has the opportunity to define and decide on a unique strategy that will work in its favor to attain security even at the international and national levels (Buzan, Wæver, and Wilde 1998, 9).
China has been transformed by the economic growth that has been happening in the last couple of decades. ( Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC) China has been looking forward to having a sound foreign policy and there has been growing influence of think tank that has been determining the sound foreign policy. (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC)
In order for one to understand the way Australian politics functions, comprehension of matters dealing with political parties is fundamental. The parties control state and centralized parliaments, present all governments along with oppositions, and also structure the temperament of political discussion.
Review literature on the relationship between the KSA and Iran during the period between the 2003 fall of Saddam and the start of the Arab Spring, including proxy wars that occurred between 2003 and 2011. Examine the history of nuclear negotiations between Iran and the P5+1, as well as the nuclear agreement of July 14, 2015.
It has enabled the world to maintain peace through effective safeguards. The analysis has reflected on the significance of disarmament as it focuses on accomplishing the objective of the treaty. The continuous review of the NPT through a conference assist in ensuring the member state present reports on various steps towards compliance with the obligation of the treaty.
Here, issues with regard to the collapsing of the congress opinion, a manifestation of his pride and lack of humility, his poor decision-making techniques, and the dissatisfaction of the citizens are highlighted. Overall, each aspect is both critically and to some extent truthfully addressed as it concerns Obama’s eight-year presidential term.
Various senior government personnel was against the move of Britain leaving whereas some were supporting it to the fullest. Among the; high-ranking officials who were for the move include London mayor Boris Johnson, president of Russia Vladimir Putin, justice secretary of the UK Michael Gove among others.
Paul Keating believed in a multicultural Australian society and the doctrine of Republicanism to include other races. This was evident during his push towards the avocation of rights and recognition of Indigenous Australians. Lastly, his oratory skills make him one of the best debaters Australia has ever had.
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Nigeria is currently facing enormous challenges in managing the social and political stability of its people as an outcome of the presence of the Boko Haram insurgency. Based on Okoli and Iortyer (2014, p.39), the sect heads are Islamic believers operating in the northern parts of the country.