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The horizontal approach provides a platform where different departments, through experts can merge their policies for the realization of a common goal (Scholten, 2013, pp. 99). Numerous studies have observed the role of different nation-states in the development policies that are separate in terms of their social, political, or economic factors.
This analysis is restricted to smaller geographical coverage generally to investigate and examine the economic performance of regions conventionally referred to as distinct geographical locations. To this end, the paper will focus on the Armidale Local Government Area in particular Armidale Dumaresq through the critical analysis of the Australian Bureau of Statistic data for the period between 2006 and 2011.
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Kosovo’s secession has also been problematic since the region’s declaration of independence raised questions on whether a sub-state entity has the legitimate capacity to seek statehood through unilateral secession without the approval of the ruler state (Forsyth 2012: 18-21). Serbia was opposed to the declaration.
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A theory is central to the strength and development of a field of practice since it informs and influences research, practice, and presents a means to guide future developments by revealing knowledge and suggesting alternatives (Tavallaei & Talib 2011; Bernath and Vidal 2007). A theory can however be a problem when it is nonspecific and tends to extrapolate from the real world.
Government policies are translated into law through action. They are set government actions that are aimed at helping to deal with certain social issues. For example, policies dealing with alcohol abuse by minors, drunk driving, and other issues affecting society. Public policies involve actions by the government. This is done through the three arms of the government.
China has continued to influence countries in East Asia, increased relationship with Europe, Africa, and South America (Layne 2008, 13). On the other hand, U.S. dominance result from its hegemonic roles, sophisticated technology and military capabilities that continues to endear it as the superpower.
This report on air traffic control is directed to the lawmakers of the United States of America and the stakeholders in airline systems. The arguments presented in this report will help the Senate and the House as well as the airline owners and pilot associations to make the necessary legislation that will allow good management and service delivery in air traffic control.
According to the passage, it is noted that horizontal integration of policy was not a bother until the emergence of many departments. It is evident that many organizations faced a myriad of problems notwithstanding the outstanding results of the departments. This problem was that it was not easy to acknowledge what the other department was doing.
The expressed objective of the DHS is to provide leadership for the interventions being made to protect the nation against the forces that seek to harm the US. However, the responsibility of the DHS does not come to a standstill, with this, as it has been vested with the additional duty of responding to natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods (National Research Council).
There are several types of post-separation land disputes in Sudan that resulted in casualties over the last four years. One is the conflict between pastoralists and farmers that often result in a violent confrontation in Southern Kordofan. Two is the conflict between farmers and traders who the former believed are exploiting natural resources such as timber, gum Arabic, and palm trees.
The judiciary should in no way use religious rules to persecute and punish offenders as long as their actions remain within the natural law. In democratic principles, these actions have been brought to question. In western democracies, state and religion are separated unlike in the Islamic states where religious laws also apply as state laws
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According to Adrian Hyde-Price (2001), he states that the word ‘securitizing’ means removing a particular issue from its political discourse and at the same time signaling for it to be addressed urgently and exceptionally. The issue of security is therefore not only a preserve of an individual but that of the state to ensure that citizens or people are secure from any form of threat.
The various principles outlined in these accords will also be highlighted. It will be noted here that the implementation of these accords failed because of many diverse factors that included lack of enough will power to execute them from both sides. The failure of the Oslo peace process had many consequences as shall be addressed in this paper.
The criticism claims that democracy is not considered in the approach (Bartels and Larry 4). Those who do not have bargaining power or collective abilities are left out in institutional development. Therefore the approach only caters to those able to raise concerns in an identifiable way among the elite.
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Public affairs and lobbying can be used successfully to influence policy and decision-making processes for both private and public organizations. Theories and concepts of political and social science have been used to lobby interest groups to rally behind a certain course that results in social or political change.
Clarity is desirable particularly in the wake of bringing about a balance between growth that takes place in future and its impact on neighbourhoods. The local character, remarked the recommendations, have to be protected. The report released facts sheets pertaining to each new zone along with a draft for each zone.
Global security takes various dimensions. It can be political, economical, or socio-economical security issues. The leadership of a strong state such as the US is crucial for addressing threats to global security. Through the leadership, there will be limited use of weapons and also terror activities.
The sort of ambiguity when looked at in terms of Williams's (2012)’s perspective, is one of the factors that enables policymakers to have extensive flexibility in the way they decide to engage the world in security-related matters. There is a need for a new, clearer, and more appropriate definition of national security.
In Australia, universities get half of Australia's government's $2.5 billion in funding for research. Issues facing the government, universities, and firms pose and increase chances for intermediaries. There were several efforts to get a more interactive model of innovations among a lot of government initiatives to bolster innovation performance.
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Symbolism is an important aspect of Britain nationals. People of Britain believe that having the queen as head of the Church of England and a symbol of her head on the coin means that they are her subjects and she rules them. According to Park (2007), just like symbolism has allowed the catholic church to have religion pinned in schools, workplaces in religious countries.
Based on the above discussions, it is irrelevant to expect politicians completely truthful. It is quite clear that politicians are lying so much because their audience expects too much of them. A number of people expect the politicians to take on moral positions but they do not bother to reason out whether if their leaders do so dishonestly.
The Task Ahead is the title of a famous newspaper article written by the former Prime Minister of Australia, John Curtin. Published in the Herald on the 27th of December back in 1941, the article served as an address to the Australian nation regarding the policy objectives of the Australian government in the wake of the Pacific War during the period between 1941 and 1945.
The paper discusses whether the United Kingdom needs a fully codified and written Constitution and concludes that a written and codified constitution would help regulate the executive powers and provide some security to rights. In Britain, social class was the principal determinant of voting in British elections in the 1960s.
America and most European countries have in the past dealt with GCC member states on an individual bilateral basis. It is now taking a strategic stand and forming alliances with the GCC. It is now taking a collective approach to the gulf region by discussing trade agreements with the GCC as a whole.
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The international community faces a resurgence in the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Since nuclear weapon was used by the United States on Nagasaki and Hiroshima in 1945 -- during World War II -- leading to the Japanese surrender, the international community has endeavored to prevent any future use of the weapon.
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This paper assumes the definition forwarded by Max Weber who defined the state as a human community that is successful in claiming the monopoly of the legitimate utility of physical force within a particular territory (Mann, 112). This perception of the state has experienced extensive usage in contemporary political science among both scholars and practitioners.
The definition of religion by Geertz is one of the most influential anthropological definitions of religion in society. In his definition, Geertz refers to religion as a cultural system that is based on symbols of religion. Scholars such as Talal Asad disagree with this universal definition of religion since it tries to separate power and religion
These rose to 12% in the early 1970s then to 23.5% in 1979, a peak of 33% in 1996 and an average of 27% in 2008. Australia’s Future Tax System (2013) advances an interesting argument by postulating that Income support payment as a social institution will need to be adapted to the changing social and economic needs as informed by workforce participation, level of unemployment and the mix of full-time and part-time workers.
Over the years, diplomatic relations between China and Australia has grown culturally, economically and politically. This diplomatic relation has been established since December 1972.According to Zheng (2005), the relationship between Australia and the People’s Republic of China has grown tremendously in the past few decades.
Electoral systems impose rules that regulate lawful and fair voting including counting and tallying of the votes to realize final results. Citizens can agree on applying plurality voting, majority rule, or the proportional representation systems. In divided societies, like Guyana one, racism and ethnic conflicts rule their political arena.
Most of the nations have been touched by the current terrorism wave, which started during the late 1960s. In this regard, terrorism is defined as the illegitimate use or violent threat against an individual or property to further social or political objectives.
EEA was formed in the 1st of January, 1994 after an agreement among the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) states members and the European Community which later became the EU. According to Dundon, et al. (2007) an EEA national is someone that is a member of these nations either by birth or by other forms of citizenship.
Issues that have surfaced as a result of the internal wrangles in the DRC have impacted the stability of its neighboring countries a fact that has both disadvantaged these countries and times advantaged some militia groupings in these neighboring countries. More so, the DRC has a long history of internal wrangles that have gone beyond a century.
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American foreign policy anywhere in the world focuses on protecting the interests of the American people. According to Russell (2010), the aim of American foreign policy in the present administration is to keep the American people safe and reestablish America as the global leader both economically and politically.
It is naïve to believe that decision-making, which is based on democracy will result in justice for religious, racial, and linguistic minorities. It is also futile to expect such decision-making to arrive at optimal decisions regarding foreign countries, or environmental issues, and other problems that have a bearing on the interests of future generations.
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The EU claimed that its diplomatic approach to the Libyan proliferation program had led to the dismantling of the Libyan WMD apparatus (Warleigh 2006). On the other hand, the US maintained that Libya voluntarily dismantled its WMD arsenal as it was afraid it would be invaded in Iraq (Warleigh 2006).
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One of the arguments against Middle Eastern profiling is that it encourages racism and racially motivated violence. This is because profiling for criminal activities on basis of race is not just unethical but morally wrong since it brings out the view that some communities are superior to others in terms of law adherence.
Excellence is seen among ethnic Chinese societies but outside China, there are numerous people who have noticed a lot more. But what Chinese and Americans do have in common is that they assume an honorable or righteous location for themselves entirely in relation to other nations and social schemes.
Globalization which has been characterized by the improvement of transport, technological, and telecommunication networks has been central to propelling brain drain mostly from the developing countries to the developed countries which pose massive challenges to the national governments of the latter countries.
The initial signs of a working-class revolution emerged during a radical period wherein the early decades of the 19th century were marked by an impeccable response to capitalist manipulation and oppression. In fact, this trend applied liberal ideas to transform the status quo that led to the progression of the radical movement.
It is also important to note that technological changes directly affect the operations of a business and hence its products and policies. The needs of the customers are also ever-changing and hence the need for an organization to be innovative. The innovative policy within an organization is also important as it ensures that the operations of the company are smooth.
Different strategies are at their disposal in realizing these outcomes even though they may vary from one organization to the other and from each country to another. For instance, the factors that might have contributed highly to the growth of the Chinese economy over the past three may be different from those that have contributed to high growth in other countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Malta, and many more
Exalting the Athenian doctrine of politics and governance, Pericles described a society in which the public as a whole could participate in the creation and nurturing of the concept of the common good. The ancient democracy bred the scions of modern-day government and socio-political systems where the citizens confront no challenges in participating in public affairs based on their status.
On the other hand, a nation is a society that is united by common values, behaviors, and culture (Australian government, 2013.). The need for states to relate with other states has given rise to statecraft, which is a strategy in which states relate with each other. This research paper aims to give a deep insight into the concept of state, nation, and statecraft.
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Many scholars in diverse fields of academia have divided the era of the cold war into two phases. The first phase was from 1945 to the mid or late 1960. On the other hand, the second phase has been described to have stretched from the early 1980s, with a period of virtual détente in between. Nonetheless, the nuclear arms race prevailed in both of these phases.
A cabinet decision-making process happens when everyone in the cabinet has the confidence to contribute to any issue without being afraid of retribution if they have a view that contradicts that of the Prime Minister or any other senior person in Cabinet. These senior members may be the Home Secretary, Foreign Secretary, and the Chancellor.
All that Congress can do under these circumstances is to indulge in criticism against the president for having failed to inform the public about his unilateral action. As such Congress has failed to fulfill its duty towards the war powers. The US president has been exercising unilateral war powers in an unconstitutional manner.
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International relations concerns economic, social, cultural, and other related matters of concern. Human rights movements have advanced from one level to higher levels over time. The emphasis is to create a society where every individual is living in freedom in relation to their own life. This is based on the fact that people should be allowed to make choices on how they want to live.
That Britain has for a long time been central in the efforts to provide quality education, not only at the domestic level but also to the international students. This was more profound after 1945 whereby there was the free provision of Higher Education in the UK as the Local Education Authority was mandated with the role of paying the HE tuition fees for each student.
Governments are using NGOs as a partner in most of their dealings and the NGOs find favor because they are held with high regard by the public since they are not power-seeking and neither are they after profits. This paper will discuss the organization of NGOs in the UAE, with respect to a case study carried out on Norr Dubai Foundation.