Management Essays

While deciding to buy something, a typical buyer goes through sequential phases. This sequential act constitutes the sales cycle. The description of the sales cycle is cast on the buyer’s perspective. The first phase of a customer would be based on the perception of the need or the product. Subsequent to those perspectives are the steps of researching and evaluating.

The authors have analyzed in detail the cultural differences between Germany and Poland and the United Kingdom and Poland by investigating and researching the perceptions and opinions that people of these countries have about each other and how these opinions and perceptions get reflected in an industrial workplace backdrop. The authors have discussed the interactions these nations have had over the centuries. 

Later on Simon (1979) elaborated his definition adding the term “heuristics” referring to people’s efforts to economize cognitive knowledge by relying on short-cuts. Those two factors that define bounded rationality lead to the third one which involved emotions as influential category both on cognition and judgment.

Corporate budgeting encourages managers to lie and cheat and sets a colleague against colleague (Jensen, 2001). In a reputed beverage company, the Vice President - Sales, under-predicted demand for the holiday season. He wanted to ensure a low revenue target which he was sure to exceed. The consequences cost the company in a big way.

In terms of business sense, it is argued that operations management plays three main roles within the organization. It thus serves to function as “an implementer and supporter of the organization’s strategies as well as a driver strategy”. In view of this revelation, the current essay compares the similarities and differences in the management of operations for both Bmibaby and Fuller's brewery.

The revenue management system deals with the target of revenue maximization. Revenue management which is also known as yield management is to maximize revenue by setting different prices for every segment based on their willingness to pay. Different prices are also set depending on the different demand-supply of the markets. The more the customer is willing to pay, the more he or she is charged.

From the perspective of the marketers, the retailers are closer to the consumers compared to the suppliers. In recent times because of an intensely competitive environment, the importance of business information has grown. The role of business intelligence is very significant not only for the survival of the business but also for the everyday business negotiations and transactions.

Scholars have defined leadership as the “activity to influence people to strive willingly for group objectives. A leader is a person who “exercise interpersonal influence in a situation and direct (people) through a communication process towards a specialized goal or goals.”. Certain traits are attributed to leaders, which make them stand above the rest of their group.

The Information systems play a very important function in today’s organizations as well as information is measured as an important asset. Quickly varying information technology is growing the difficulty of information management, as concerns regarding the privacy, confidentiality, strength, as well as accurateness of the information and data stored have been delicate.

Under this method, present value of future cash inflows are compared with cash outflows in order to arrive at the decision. “Discounted cash flows follow the fundamental economic principle that the value of an asset is the present value of expected cash flows from using the asset.” (Constance Lutolf Carroll and Antii Pirnes, 2009, page 396).

Henry Ford was the founder of the renowned Ford Motor Company. He also furthered upon the principles of scientific management of division of labor and identity construction by conjugating them with the modern assembly line (Uluorta, 2009). As mentioned above, McDonald's is one company that practices the principles of scientific management.

The development of management competence is considered essential in the current work environment. The development of the competences in the managers, therefore, is considered as essential for achieving the desired level of performance and maintaining the overall degree of organizational harmony and peace.

The negative reception of the new method was quickly dispelled after it was evaluated on more than 300 head teachers and 1000 teachers. Some of them said that the extra pay gave them added effort in teaching. The majority of younger teachers surmise that the additional pay motivated them to stay in their profession.

IKEA recognizes their employee’s efforts. Just like the expectancy theory, all the efforts made by the employees are taken into consideration. The supervisor appreciates the efforts that are done by his or her subordinates. Recognition is considered one of the major motivators that motivate the employee towards a better job performance.

The opportunity for more time outside work may possibly lessen one’s identification with the work itself.  Although job sharers may find more satisfaction in their situation, they may not exhibit the same identification with the job as well as full-time workers who get to see all the details from start to finish and therefore feel ownership of the tasks.

While leadership is as old as humanity, the concept did not emerge in the literature on school administration until the turn of the 20th century. Educational management started as a successor of scientific management and its early advocates were passionately ingrained in the principle of efficiency, resulting in what English refers to as ‘scientism’.

Firstly, the current state of how Information Technology (IT) is applied is examined. Secondly, the strategic uses of information technology systems in HRM are examined. Thirdly, examples of progress noted with the use of IT in HRM are discussed. The analysis attempts to show how information technology is a developing field and how this relates to the future of HRM.

Tesco is following an expansionist or diversification strategy, it wants to grow into new markets; however, for the same, it needs to first strengthen it self in the current markers so that it can generate a stream of cash flows that would help them to expand. In other words, Tesco wants to be global market leader by beating Wal-Mart.

By introducing teamwork, managements were trying to convince the employees that they were entering a new and more democratic cultural ambience. But later employees could not but see the inconsistencies in this management position. But if employees are disillusioned with teamwork, then why teamwork has become such a catchy phrase in management. 

Internal control is the vector of information that provides information to the senior management for decision making. Internal control plays a fundamental role in any business and should be used in integration with strategic control and management control for its maximum benefit. Internal control is based on gathering information.

The case of Infospec Ltd will prove that indeed the increase of the quality of leadership and the improvement of the teamwork success can lead to the increase of a firm’s performance; however, it is necessary that specific requirements are met – as it is also explained in the case of Motorola, a firm that faced similar problems and managed to improve its performance by emphasizing on the quality of its leadership and the promotion of teamwork.

The researcher will put efforts to identify particular resources of the main knowledge and will attempt to arrange their efficient utilization. Secondly, the researcher will make an effort to analyze approaches that will facilitate in better understanding of sharing, maintaining, and protecting knowledge. Lastly, the researcher will venture to offer some suggestions for improvement of the current knowledge system in organizations.

Clear and concise performance goals must be explicitly stated by the organization before the formulation of a corporate strategy. Global organizations, like HSBC, must be vigilant in monitoring changes in the external environments to appropriately adjust organizational strategies. Only then would global organizations be ensured that performance goals are indeed achieved.

There are various motivation theories that explain how employee motivation can be accomplished. Scientific management developed by Taylor was focused on money as the key motivator for employees to increase their performance. In his assumptions, he compared humans with cogent money-making animals whose major concern was to maximize the financial gains from their work.

One way of implementing the three steps is to focus mainly on the results. His work is manifested in the services provided by the organization and also in the smooth running of the unit comprising of his staff and subordinates. This unit’s performance is the measure of the performance of the supervisor.

An externality refers to a situation that either creates a gain or a cost to the society’s living standards, but does not affect the producer or a consumer of a good or service in monetary terms.Positive externalities refer to things that promote gains to the society, disregarding financial gain. Negative externalities refer to things that impose costs to the society as a result of production or consumption of goods or services.

It enables an individual to focus on improving skills that are required by an organization (Loue, 2011). However, there are various challenges that employees and organizations face while administering mentorship programs. This includes frustrations arising from mentees that are unable or unwilling to follow instructions.

The study shows that successful management of any organization must, therefore, embrace the need for effective communication, both internally as well as externally. Particular attention has however been given to involving employees within communication which results in a sense of being valued and this leads to higher productivity.

Event planning involves setting up a party, competition, festival, or a concert. It is challenging to organize a music event. Planning entails establishing dates, budgeting for the event, and establishing alternative dates. The site for the event should be selected and reserved. Permits should be acquired from the local authorities.

Conflicts in any society are predominantly the result of lacunae in communication. The inability to understand each other’s cultures often leads one to lack respect for the same. Such problems in communication are aggravated by prejudices and stereotypes associated with social categories of race, gender, and class.

Garvin’s synthesis and analysis can be considered as one of the initial lessons to understanding product quality, its dimensions and attributes including its implications on different entities of the business, i.e. company’s business, customers, employees and processes. Evolution of different quality control models and the contemporary methods can be related to Garvin’s approach.

Finally, an issue is an ethical behavior, both as a manager and with regard to demanding ethical behavior from the followers of the manager. This cannot be stressed enough  - a manager must be trusted, which not only means that the manager is competent, but also that the manager respects his or her employees.

For all these measures of performance, there are different operational challenges that CDS will need to overcome. The fast challenge is the function of the department of design and its influences on the development of new products (Hill, 2006). The development of new products is vital to CDS since the company had established alliances with houses of design.

It is very likely that people become complacent and relaxed. The two brothers understood this and thereby never rested; they engaged in more market research and determined newer viable markets that true to the projections became successes. The expansion process of a business must be informed by effective and viable research findings.

Whipps Cross University Hospital should understand the issues or problems it is facing. Based on the above discussion, it is recommended that Whipps Cross University Hospital uses Fishbone analysis. Fishbone analysis requires an organization to identify the causes and effects of a problem and possible solutions. 

The area of service-learning is important in enabling people to learn skills and knowledge that are very vital in society. Everywhere people are looking for volunteers to give their services to others. It is now common to find young people offering their services to charity organizations without necessarily being paid.

Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) system is the technological solution to the information configuration. ERP enables the best practices system across the process of the organizations mainly, but not exclusively, for the manufacturing concerns. SAP and Oracle are among the leading suppliers of the system. The ERP system requires considerable cost in setting up infrastructure. However, its implementation is often faced with a range of issues which in turn hinders the promised benefits (Avison, & Malaurent, 2007).

The whole goal of the Project Management Institute (PMI) is to ensure that a managing body delivers the project in each realm with scope, quality, cost, and time. This paper will provide new insights regarding the delivery of the projects in different industries such as IT, Healthcare, Manufacturing, Utilities, etc. 

This assignment also discusses how successful has been ASEAN's role in promoting regional economic integration. In the final analysis, ASEAN has taken its role in promoting economic integration in the region very seriously and has taken a holistic approach to it.  In other words, integration is viewed as only possible via equity.  

Quality determination is a subjective affair in that it is the customer who determines whether it has been met. It is the duty of the management in a service industry to endeavour in provision on quality services to the customers or clients consequently heightening the degree of satisfaction derived from the service offered.

A study by Van de Ven and Sun focused on the concept of organizational change. While it does not specifically study performance measurement, it does categorically state that organizational change is a necessity to cope with dynamic business environments.”Change is an ongoing and never-ending process in organizational life.

Employee motivation has been found to be closely related to organizational performance – applied also on the case of Marks and Spencer. It should be noticed that in most cases, the effectiveness of employee motivation plans cannot be precisely measured. For this reason, the performance of these plans cannot be considered as guaranteed.

To make the budget more effectively, the management should motivate the salespersons to provide appropriate information. The sales manager should also verify the data with the historical one. The budget should be flexible enough to accommodate the changes taking place in the market. Flexible budgets assist the manager to introduce the required changes as and when required.

This report then goes on to explain the six rights of logistics that are providing the right product, in the right quantities, in the right condition, to the right place, at the right time, for the right cost and it then elaborates on how these six rights affect Coca-Cola in supplying their product at the 2012 Olympics.

To personalize solutions that improve the functionality of customers and to identify their new functionalities, customer relationship and collaboration are needed. Systems of customer relationships comprising end-users, members, research companies, advertising units, etc. are formed and call for management.

After explaining that “supply chain is the collection of steps that a company takes to transform raw components into the final product”, Venus (2011) goes on to posit that “supply chain management (SCM) is a process used by companies to ensure that their supply chain is efficient and cost-effective.” 

Furthermore, companies are seeking in solving a problem using a telephone call, obtaining customer service on a day and night basis, cash withdrawal from an automated teller machine all over the country and also getting products and services been delivered almost anywhere in a single night. Strategic IT management has transformed so many companies hence the economies have grown tremendously.

After careful consideration of STEEP theory regarding assessing risk; the same has been applied to the development of office building in London and some measures have been suggested that might be followed to mitigate risks arising from the STEEP factors. However, risks are erratic and considering the risk exposure of real estate business.

The company ensures a competitive advantage for its very self by doing integrated management by combining the three factors within its own umbrella. This helps the company in doing real-time trading of logistics-related goods and dealing with many different vendors, parties and customers in one single point in time.

The project manager needs to take personal responsibility for the work that he has been assigned as well as the people who work under him. The subordinates take this project manager as their leader within the ranks of the project and he must show them that his dignity is equivalent to the worth that he has been bestowed with.