Macro & Microeconomics Essays

Terms of trade abbreviated as TOT is defined as the value of exports of a country relative to the value of its imports. It is determined or calculated by dividing the exports value by the imports value and then multiplying the result by 100. When the TOT of a country is below the 100% mark, the value indicates that there is increased capital going out to purchase imports that the capital coming in.

Deficit, Debt and Political Theory of Government Debt Introduction Budget Deficit being highly dangerous vs. Ricardian Equivalence The theory of Ricardian equivalence is a theory of Economics by Robert Barro. The theory states that when a government proposes a tax cut to increase consumer spending, this leads to a higher budget deficit financed by more treasury bonds, which does not lead to much economic growth.

Facebook is known for regularly coming up with innovations such as timelines, in-built chat services, ads and common interest groups, which enhance the user experience. 2. The Diffusion Process for Facebook According to Rogers (2005) Diffusion of Innovation takes place through a heterogeneous type of adopters, who are characterised by their own specific social, personal and psychological profiles.

Like due to inequality in the wages or income of the workers many people cannot gain the all opportunities of the life so overall standard of living of society decline. The other point is about the riskiness of jobs, due to inequality the risk of getting good jobs arises in the societies its mean the loss of jobs is directly proportion to the cost of health insurance that is beneficial for the poor and the lost of home (Stiglitz, 2012).

As a result, the firm is always producing new technology products especially phones, entertainment electronics and computing electronics. A good example is their smart phone called iPhone that has come to be synonymous with smart phone. When the market thinks of a smart phone, they think of Apples iPhone.

year 2000=100) Year Components Food Beverage and Tobacco Education Recreation and Entertainment Medical care Clothing & Footwear Housing Furniture Rent Electricity, water and fuel Transport and Communication Other product and services 2002 0.100604 0.2 -10.9658 -1.126 -2.0576 -0.801603 0.404448938 2.82542886 2003 0.904523 -0.798403 1.01695 -0.518 -2.1008 -0.30303 -0.50352467 3.72914622 2004 1.195219 -0.301811 0.89485 0.3122 -0.1073 -0.303951 1.012145749 3.2166509 2005 4.035433 -0.100908 0.11086 0.6224 0.42965 0 1.503006012 3.57470211 2006 5.77105 1.313131 0.77519 -0.206 1.06952 1.8292683 1.776900296 10.8849558 2007 10.8229 4.087737 0.32967 1.2397 3.06878 6.3872255 0.387972842 7.74142059 2008

Institution Student Name Date Macro and Microeconomics Introduction Unemployment is a fundamental macroeconomic issue affecting various countries across the world. The most affected countries by unemployment problem are the developing countries but the developed countries like the United States also face a significant aspect of unemployment as an economic problem.

Problem Statement: A government’s expansionary Fiscal and Monetary Policy and the consequences of these actions on the other Economic variables. Fiscal Policy By a Fiscal Policy the U.S. government would control the spending in form of government expenditure and earnings in form of taxes to manipulate the economy.

* 100 = 25% change in demand 0.10/0.50 * 100 = 20% change in price Thus 25/20 = 1.25 1.25 1.2 The 0.50 fare was appropriate since it is the fare that results in the both the transporters and the travellers to enjoy fare revenue and prices respectively. Despite the fact that revenue decreases it is important to note that at higher fares the companies are able to meet their costs.

However, in this paper we are going to focus on the institution of higher learning as a basic business enterprise that note only serves to provide education to the masses but is also out to make to generate income from the variety of services it offers within its line of duty.

Corporate tax protects the integrity of personal income tax and the economic profit tax. According to the United States corporate income tax, the income earned by the United States corporation is subjected to a tax of 35% rate. This is estimated to include $1,000 for the revenues and $800 for the total costs, which comprise of interests, salaries, depreciation, and materials (The Journal of corporate taxation, 1994).

One of biggest risk is the potential volatility of exchange rates. This implies the unpredicted change on the exchange rates of the currencies between two or more countries. Due to the recent economic downturn that has resulted to inflation and hyperinflation in developed and developing countries, the operations of MNEs have significantly been affected (Steven 11).

Even consumer spending registered 2% annual growth rate up from the previous estimated figure of 1.4%. There is an overall increase in business and manufacturing activities across wide ranging fields. Though it is too early to say whether much of the growth in economy is real or it is simply due to piling up of the goods by the companies in anticipation of likely buoyancy in the markets.

As a result, there is to low output and employment and consequently reduced income. This reduces purchasing level thus reducing consumption and aggregate demand. During recessionary period, the economy operates at a budget deficit due to increased government spending in provision of welfare benefits such as unemployment compensation, earned income tax credit, and health insurance (Michael et al.

This Global Financial Crisis indeed had a dreadful effect on the international economy. So, in many countries, key players within economies such as stock markets as well as large financial institutions did succumb to the effects of global financial crisis.

Transparency, on its surface, generates information so that potential litigants can know what their legal obligations are, what the decisive facts are, what reasonable outcomes might be, the legitimacy of the justice system, and provides them with baseline information that should help them determine economic and transaction costs.

The public’s demand for the two company’s products and services generated projected gains. Before the merger, several financial analysts opined that the proposed merger would be very successful (Baumol, 2011). Many quarters predicted the business after the merger will be rosy.

 Although they state that foreign aid has little impact in terms of supporting economic growth and is therefore ineffective, some of them actually view the giving of aid as diminishing the resources available for satisfying their own requirements, hence the concern. 

The customers are creating huge demands and having more choices to meet their expectations. For generating customer loyalty, a business organisation requires accurate, absolute and current information of customers. Web based CRM facilitates an organisation to keep the entire customer records as well as manage the sales processes from initial contact towards final order.

At first sight minimum wage seems to be helping the employees; however there are many controversies associated with minimum wage. Proponents argue that minimum wage would prevent employers from exploiting the employees and it will help the employees to reduce their poverty level and increase their living standards.

Officially a recession is defined as two or more consecutive quarters of negative gross domestic product (Investorwords, 2011). The economy might not be contracting, but there are many signs that the economy is doing bad. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the different factors that are adversely affecting the British people and the world economy.

It is generally argued that the concept of globalization greatly contributes to effective and rapid circulation of ideas, languages, and cultural ideologies since nations have liberalized cross-border trade regulations with intent to enhance foreign investment and cross-border trade for international business expansion.

One can witness the development and expansion that the world is experiencing in every facet of life, whether it is social, political, and economic development or technological and scientific advancements. Besides, these innovations in such vast fields are leaving an indelible imprint on to the entire populace of the world, thus, making the world a global place where all the people can communicate and travel promptly within no time (Feenstra & Taylor, pp.

165. 9 Mishkin, F., 2007, Monetary policy strategy, Massachusetts, MIT Press pp.243. 9 Reynolds, A., 2001, The Fiscal-Monetary Policy Mix: Cato Journal, Vol. 21, Florida: Fall. Pp. 45-67. 9 Monetary Policies for the Global Financial Crisis Introduction The United States controls most of the world’s economies, meaning that an economic crisis born there will result in the disability of the entire world.

The interplay of these factors makes up the law of supply and demand which governs the dynamics of the market and affects the price of goods and services (Englander and Moy 291). II. How a change in demand for a good or service in one market can have an effect on the supply of a different good or service in another market.

In examining these elements, the article notes the high importance analysts place on financial rations as a determinant of these financial statements. A survey of Chartered Financial Analysts (CFAs) was conducted regarding their views of these financial ratios.

The World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) introduced structural adjustment programs, targeting developing countries in as preconditions for securing loans from the global financial institutions1. Since its inception, structural adjustment has had various impacts on the social economic development of the recipient countries.

This economic data is used as signals for the future conditions and thus have important place in the process of business situation and condition analysis. Such data and signals are known as the economic indicators. These economic indicators are set of macroeconomic data which is used by the analysts in order to understand and analyze the existing situation along with predicting and forecasting the future possibilities.

For generations, it has provided safety against obvious instability common in some emerging energy markets, and guarded it from the unsteady swings that might weaken the country’s economy (“US Dollar under Riyal Pressure”). The dollar peg helped the newly emerging nations to increase exports through profit investments in the US (“To Peg or Not to Peg”).

Suburbs are seeing the rise of the new poor, people who owned homes and lived ‘the good life’ but now are struggling to feed themselves and are in constant threat of becoming homeless. The evidence is in the landscaping, according to McGirr (2012), as lawns are neglected and anything extraneous becomes abandoned in order to afford the essentials.

This company creates programs that enable sellers to list all their products and services on its website, and their personally branded websites (Miller 5). It also offers an access to technological infrastructure for enterprises and developers of all sizes through their website.

As such, there are people who exploit their positions in terms of organizational ranking and unethically heap gains onto themselves at the expense of fellow investors and that of their employees. Such people that use their power to exploit firm’s gains at the expense of other stakeholders in an organization would well be referred to as the vulture capitalists.

Compare and contrast alternative views on the nature and possible causes of unemployment and evaluate the effectiveness of demand and supply management policies to combat it Unemployment can be defined as the activity of people being out of employment without their own wish.

The paper also presents responses of capital and money markets and the response and effectiveness of the macroeconomic policies. The main causes for the research are important and cataclysmic events of the preceding years rise in risk premium on interbank borrowing and dates on which some cataclysmic events occurred.

Since the economic crisis has been termed as global it can be judged that countries like France had to undergo through economic downturn. The economies of the countries are interlinked and therefore a trauma in one nation will produce a domino effect on the economy of the other nation.

According to the essay, the growth of the taxes, required to reduce the level of national debt would exert negative socio-economic effects on ordinary American people. The proper implementations of the necessary measures that have to be taken in order to reduce the debt without hampering the interests of the consumers is also being considered.

These disparities came from change in economic conditions associated with wealth generation and distribution within a given nation. In addition, economic inequality results from movement of economic power from one sovereign nation or region to another. This is the reason why there has been significant change of economic situations since the mid nineteenth century.

8 1.5 Research Methodology 9 2 Literature Review 11 3 Best Practice 14 3.1 NZ –Australia FTA – (CEP) 14 3.2 NZ-China FTA 16 3.3 Recent Trends 20 3.4 ASEAN-New Zealand FTA 20 3.5 Exports to USA and Imports from USA by NZ 23 3.6 Exports and Imports from Japan by NZ 24 3.7 Whether FTA promotes bilateral Trade among trading Partners?

Typical fast food restaurants serve snacks like fried chicken, hamburgers, donuts and meat pies. In addition, these outlets provide a wide range of carbonated drinks and deserts to consumers. Most people, especially college students and working class professionals may lack time to prepare conventional breakfast meals.

The United States of America uses the monetary unit of a Dollar. The United States Treasury prints money bills for distribution to the banks in form of bank reserves. The banking system provides the platform for reserving money for distribution to the public.

Due to such detrimental attack of terrorism which occurred on 9/11 in the World Trade Center in US, the impacts of terrorism have received increasing attention for review of the literature on the impacts of terrorism. The activities of terrorism being aimed at the destruction of the cities and derailing the livelihood of the people of the country affect the economic activities by damaging its fundamentals and deep roots in the national structure.

The states formed economic integrations, depending on geographic proximity, history and cultural characteristics. Russia made it alone, starting political reforms from a communist state to an independent democracy with the president elected through popular election. Boris Yeltsin was the first elected head of state.

Water is therefore a unique substance due to the fact that nothing else can be substituted for it. Nothing in this world is as universal and as necessary as water. It is needed for every aspect of human life. Since time immemorial water has been availed to everyone equally not dependent on class, religion or how deep one’s pocket is.

In all of the four marketing elements, it is only price, which is revenue generating and it plays a crucial role in ensuring that a particular product or service sales in large volumes thereby making a company more profitable. In the determination of price, various factors come into play and they include cost of producing the product or delivering the service, the economic condition of the target market, competition level in the market, the brand name of the product/ service, and the quality of the product/ service (Baines et al.

One BTU is required to boil a pound of water. The amount of energy the US consumes usually measure in quadrillion BTUs. In 2009, the US consumed one quadrillion BTUs. Nearly 88 percent of this requirement is supplied by oil, coal and natural gas (Walsh 32).

The author states that it is the interaction of the forces of demand and supply in a marketplace that determines the price of a product at any given time. Price is the quantity of payment or compensation given by one party to another in return for goods and services. This aggregate demand is the sum of demand for oil by all the countries.

Based on the above discussion, economics focuses on the demands for food. The people’s demand for food is an economic concept that has to be addressed. The United States government’s aid to the poor and needy of American society can both be successful and unsuccessful, depending on the recipients and the purpose of the food stamps program.

The company targets the quality-oriented customers. However, before following such strategy, the company focussed on promotion of value creation that has the potential to provide consumers products of good quality at lesser prices. In the capture of the new market, the company diverted the focus onto products of trendy consumer stuffs that serves the preferences of the modern world consumers (Rowley & Paik, 2009, p.63).

This is needless to mention that United States is the largest economy and military power across the globe, also known as the Super Power. However, the foreign affairs and international relations experts are doubtful about the future of USA as they have started debating the rise of great China and its possible emergence as the future Super Power.

Gradually, the foreign direct investment, or else the FDI, as this activity has been characterized, see also the next section, has become a common phenomenon in countries worldwide.