Macro & Microeconomics Essays

tinational corporation based in the United States produced the Internet Explorer that was a significant force back in the day before it developed Bing in 2008.The Apple Inc. Company developed the Safari web browsing search engine, and it has gained popularity across the world

As a comparison with other developed nations, the USSR exhibited an extensive industrial sector, which in its own way was biased in establishing the heavy industry. Blessing asserts that the division of the Soviet Union implied the termination of central planning. Supply chains were no more and enterprises thereafter had to get means to supply to customers.

It has been the prime force that contributes greatly to the growth of agriculture, emergence of many corporations and fast growth of postmodern industries in the manufacturing fields. It also influences the regional

Poverty in its abject form is still a major problem among many American households. According to the latest report given by the United States of America’s Census Bureau, the number of Americans living in poverty currently has never been witnessed since the 1960s. The war against poverty is expected to become even tougher.

The basis for valuing one's currency against another is the primary role of every country's central bank. Central banks of different countries all over the world choose and implement its own exchange rate regime, the way by which "a country manages its currency with respect to foreign currencies and the foreign exchange rate." 

The conclusion from this paper states that the choice of entry mode to a new country is influenced by a range of factors including risk appetite, the growth potential of the host country and degree of conduciveness of business environment. Each of the four modes of internationalization has its own set of advantages and disadvantages.

In the classical model, the total supply of loanable funds is equivalent to household saving.  The funds supplied are loaned out and the household receives payment from the interest. Meantime, business demand for a loan is their planned investment spending. The government expenditure is represented by G while T is the net taxes.

European Monetary System (EMS) is an arrangement by which the member countries in the European Union (EU) link their currencies to a common system, which prevents fluctuation in the exchange rate between one another. EMS was set up as a result of a resolution of the European Council on the 5th December 1978.

The consideration which we pay for a product at a certain quantity is called the price of the product. When we talk of the product price, we mean market price. That is the price at which the product is sold to all buyers in the market. The quantity of a product that we purchase at a certain price is called the demand of the product.

It is not just sufficient to examine the trade policy, as well as its effects on the nation so as to consider whether the trade policy is preferable or not. Such a question is to be answered by eschewing the region or country centred theories & take into consideration the individual preferences towards the trade policy. 

The most likely cause for demographical segmentation is that the product appeals to the personal characteristics of the customers such as age, gender, race, income, life stage, occupation, and education level.

The authors argue citing different sources that the privatization of government services such as communication becomes more efficient as publicly owned companies are more likely to be capital constrained due to the lack of investors .

In this regard the paper presents an overview of the unemployment situation in the country and discusses the causes and effects of unemployment on the economic development of the country. Furthermore, the paper also describes some possible ways that can help the country in reducing the unemployment rate.

Rational expectations relates to the efficient market theory as investors, based on their expectations, value a stock, for example, if they think earnings visibility is good, they bid the prices higher, and if perceive earnings visibility to be low, they bid prices to below and this is reflected in the stock prices, so their estimates or expectations are reflected in the stock prices.

Monetary policy is one of the two macroeconomic tools used by the government to effectively impact the economy (AIB Capital Markets). This policy tool is primarily utilized to influence economic indicators like interest rates, inflation, and credit availability by controlling the changes in the money supply available in the economy. 

Economically, politically and militarily, the United States (US) is the dominant force in contemporary world affairs. Anderson et al. state that the US economic influence extends far beyond its status as the world’s largest economy. The US is progressive, in the words of one observer, ‘creating an economic world in its own image’. 

World capital markets throughout the globe are now interlinked via satellite, networks and technology. Globalisation has linked formerly independent economies. When a cataclysm occurs within a globally linked financial system, the entire global market feels the ripples of the event.

Financial markets are regarded as fascinating and complex. Through the years, several studies have been made to critically analyze various trends in these markets. Specifically, concerned individuals are keen on translating information in the market and make use of the data for their different purposes.

Eventually, the US grew ever more multifaceted institutions to contest its growth. And as the American government engaged in the economy has been a persistent theme, the degree of that contribution normally has increased (Fogel 99). The US constitution that was adopted in 1787 and in result to this day was in many customs a work of inventive genius.

Due to the strategic, geopolitical and economic factors, outside observers regard the Gulf region as an area of vital interest. As such, threat perceptions relating to Gulfs commercial viability have become increasingly salient not only for the Gulf States but for the international community as a whole in the light of increasingly globalized commercial transactions.

The above diagram represents on way in which Mrs. Acres can act. Here, suppose the initial equilibrium occurs at the point where Demand meets Supply curve at D = S. The equilibrium quantity here is 8000 pies at a price of $4.5. However, Mrs. Acres find that this quantity is not meeting the current demand.

The law of demand was first stated y the French Mathematician, Antoine Augustin Cournot, in 1838. “The greater the amount to e sold the lesser must be the price at which it is offered, in order that it may find purchasers, or in other words, the amount demanded increases with a fall in price and decreases with a rise in price."

There are several reasons why immigration should contribute positively to economic growth.  First, the arrival of immigrants generates more consumption and also helps to create economies of scale.  Immigrants also contribute to saving, since, generally speaking, they have a strong marginal propensity to save.

The paper also provides additional economic indicators that help a definitive conclusion on the state of the Canadian economy. The report also goes on to  examine the fiscal and monetary policy as is being practiced in Canadian jurisdictions and comments on the  policy making in respect of  tackling the most critical issue of inflation control.

According to Keynes consumption is a function of income, this function depicts that as the level of income increases then the level of consumption also increases, in cases where the income declines then consumption declines, for this reason, therefore, consumption is a function of income where Keynes specified the model as follows: C = F(Y)

 One of the most important roles was to represent the concerns of the scientific community to top management, as well as managing the number of specialized “chapters” who purpose was to allow researchers from diverse operations but with similar special interests to hold seminars with speakers discussing scientific specialties.   

The sound and sustainable practices of Lean could revive damage of industry to its environment.  Unknowingly, business entities are already practicing corporate social responsibility.  It has taken into account that their businesses do not exist in a vacuum but interacts with environment, society and governments.  

The current credit crisis which is the wave of the collapse of the US sub-prime mortgage market can be evaluated by understanding the history which is associated with it in terms of the effects it has had on the borrower as well as the financial statements of the banks,other financial institutions and the investors in the mortgage backed by securities around the world

The gross domestic product can be defined as a measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced by a country in a given time frame. It has always been considered an important indicator of economic activity. The GDP is estimated by three distinct theoretical approaches, these are GDP from the output or production. 

Chaos comes from the Greek word meaning “gaping void”, which also sounds confusing and indefinite as the word itself. According to Greek Mythology, Chaos represents the very precious moments of existence. Modern science and daily life describe chaos similar to each other, both meaning a state of unpredictable confusion and extreme disorder.

To generalize the process of economic development of China, it can be deemed that the country has achieved the economic success that is being targeted by the nation and it has done it through a unique process of synthesizing the socialist form of government with the promulgated economic policies which were unprecedented.

One important aspect about the intended gun control measure is, the administrators have begun to think about the use of military-style assault weapons for civilian use. I have no hesitation in supporting the measure in the prevailing societal conditions. I emphasize the word prevailing, because sermons from the political platforms by the politicians that believe in various ideologies are not going to produce any tangible results.

One hundred years ago the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes provided reasonably good transport links. But recent increases in the scale of ocean-going ships and related declines in ocean shipping rates have increased the competitiveness of U.S. coastal locations compared to the center.  

The structural framework within which the shipping industry operates is the liner conference. The UNCTAD Code of Conduct for Liner Conference defines it as an organization of two or more vessel operators agreeing to provide international liner services to carry cargo to specified geographic locations under the condition of common freight rates.  

It should be noted that the gap between the rich and the poor is widening due to the erosion of the middle class brought about by the high cost of living worsened by the low level of wages. Data from countries all over the world reveal that the disparity of income between the rich and the poor is not just a local issue for Miami-Dade.

This paper focuses on the positive socioeconomic effects of tourism in Costa-Rica. It is shown, that tourism gives huge boost to the country’s development. The economic feasibility Indicators are very positive for Costa Rica. Investment can be safely made in Costa Rica since its property registry system is very reliable and advanced.

And there can be no talk of an 'island', either, for this is a cross-border, joint meeting of SUERF and the CFS. Incidentally, the motive is the exchange of knowledge with the financial community including central banks, thus avoiding all suspicion of insular ivory-tower erudition.

These principles called for corporations doing business in South Africa to adhere to strict standards of non-discrimination in hiring and promotions to set a positive example.The most frequently-encountered method of "disinvesting" was to persuade state,county and municipal governments to sell their stock in companies which had a presence in South Africa

The author accentuates that the City is obviously at a disadvantage compared to the West End in terms of consumer demand for housing. It is obviously reflected by the inability of its prices to increase. Since it is inevitable to suffer the consequence of inflation as it is a phenomenon, the investors have to construct houses at a high cost.

The paper "Economy of Hong Kong" aims to analyse the economy of Hong Kong because the country has been very successful in terms of its economy and modernization. In fact, it is one of the leading countries in Asia. In many aspects, Hong Kong succeeded in developing its economy – tourism, financial market, and trade.

Centrally planned economies are also referred to as command economies, in this type of economy the government controls production, the distribution and pricing of goods and services in the economy, the government also owns enterprises in almost all sectors of the economy, as a result, the government sets prices.

In order to assess the strings of influence attached to their business, managers generally call for the assistance of market analysis tools. According to Porter Five Forces Analysis (2004), factors that influence the proceedings of a business do not come solely from economic conditions, but social and political changes as well. 

The author accentuates the idea of having defined the market, there is a definite need to explain what determines how a market operates and what kinds of markets exist, economically speaking. The factors that determine the category into which a market falls are basically the number of buyers and sellers.

It is shown, that the level of central bank`s independence directly indicates the level of responsibility of the state for the value of legal tender. Maintaining internal and external value of money is a function of inflation targeting and appreciation/depreciation of currency. Both government and central bank are responsible for the success of monetary policy.

The first section of the paper showed how the German mark led to the depreciation of the peseta which in turn spurred the growth in exports and discouraged imports, lowered private investment and created discrepancy in government budgets.

If the base rate is left unchanged and the inflation keeps scaling up higher then the money market and fixed income securities will suffer a set back and the people on the street will run towards more risky investments that could fetch them higher returns, as a result, there will be a sharp upsurge in prices of riskier assets like the real estate. 

 Recent political and economic reforms in eastern Europe and in a number of other emerging economies present the prospect of growing wealth to their citizens; the related worldwide privatization wave also provides opportunities for the international expansion of western enterprises. Privatization of state-owned enterprises - that is, the transfer of ownership from government to private investors.

Since 2004, Poland became the full member of the EU, so the Polish economy was expanding. The macroeconomic data published by the Polish Central Statistical Office in recent months confirmed that the Polish economy is on a path towards a strong recovery: “In 2004 the Polish GDP grew at 5.4 % and for 2005 the government estimates growth at 4.7 %.”

The bail-out of LTCM in 1998, the promotion of 'affordable' housing for the poor by the Clinton administration through the unreformed and failed Freddie mortgage twins, led to the development of subprime mortgages when the housing bubble burst and the credit crunch began with the gambles taken during it turning sour.

The Government imposes a tax on alcohol as a result of which price increases and the Government also compensates it with a cut in income tax. As long as the consumers are not purchasing alcohol the impact of alcohol tax will not affect him but on the other hand due to cut in income tax purchasing power increases.