Macro & Microeconomics Essays

The study also suggests ways to improve the situation. By the very nature of the topic, the study would also try and find out the mechanism of an economy and its banking system, as both these elements play a vital role to avert any financial crisis. There is also a mention of the recent shutdown and take-over of Lehman Brothers.

Globalization is an international phenomenon with far-reaching consequences in the social and economic realms.  Economic globalization, namely the spread of neoliberalism and capitalist-inspired consumerism as the dominant engine of economic growth, has both supporters and detractors.   The world is becoming more and more interdependent.

It is apparent that if the central bank has lost the confidence of the population due to earlier mistakes than ascertaining the economic acceleration would result from this interest rate slashing of 5% to 1% is something that cannot be categorically stated as something that will happen over the course of time.

Trading with other European Union (EU) countries offers a number of key benefits to businesses in the UK. The EU's 27 member states include some of the world's wealthiest and most productive countries” (Business Link). The EU is a huge market in which to sell goods and services - it also gives access to a huge source of suppliers (Business Link).  

This research is governed by the following research questions, which will aid in attaining objectives and aim of the research: What steps are usually taken, what preconditions are there, to make a city global? Who benefits and who suffers when a city becomes global? How does this apply to New York City?    

For instance, worldwide treasuries issued new public debt totaling $6.5 trillion since 2008 to manage the condition the payments while these are apart from the fiscal bailout packages (Index Mundi, 2012). Within similar era, followed by Arab up-spring and Greek debt crises, the situation worsened for the economies to stimuli growth and sustain when problem compounded with issues of unemployment, budget deficits, shattered economies’ resilience to get back on growth track etc.

Particularly, this technological change has not remained as a notion in isolation but it has resulted in globalisation that has turned the whole world into a small global village where different countries are now connected with each other and actions of one country affect processes in another country.

The aim of economic planning is also to rearrange the financial and manpower resources.The popular models of planning are:Input-Output models 2.Applied macroeconomic growth models3.Project appraisal in context with shadow prices and decision criteria

However the United States follows a more specific definition which the OECD has designed. According to US, FDI is the "ownership or control of 10 percent or more of an enterprise's voting securities, or the equivalent interest in an unincorporated business" (Pustay & Griffin, 2006)

The rational theory of economics, says that the economic decisions of the people depend on the rational choice that people tend to make over a period of time (John Scott 2000). This also introduced the concept that the price of a product is not decided by the cost of production of the product but on the perceived value of the product.

The reaction of the markets to this step of ECB was typical as the shares prices rose and euro declined against the dollar within several days about the rising of the interest rates had been made (However, the reaction of American markets was more typical one as the Dow Jones Stock Index of 600 major European companies fell by 2 points). 

At the beginning of the 30s, the unique revolution in relation to economic theory has taken place – the revolution, which finished the age of the perfect competition dogma. Professor of Cambridge University Joan Robinson (1933) made a report with decisive critics of the newly conservative competition conception.

.It starts out by pointing out that at the annual meeting of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), there was a seeming role reversal as the usually debt-saddled Latin firms were riding high on an economic upswing.

With the launch of PlayStation Portable (PSP) in September 2005, Sony has reaped enormous gains as it sold more than 185,000 units in UK shops just four days after its release.  The huge success of PSP is owed to the fact that the product, aside from the usual game features, also plays films, music and surfs the internet through wi-fi technology.

That convenience includes long hours,multiple locations, easy access to products, minimal checkout waiting time, and similar advantages to workers, retirees, students, commuters, travelers, etc.

It describes how customers choose to buy their traveling tickets and how airlines influence each other on setting prices for airline tickets among other activities using an oligopoly market. Game theory has also been used to elaborate how airlines reach a decision by monitoring the available strategy profile of other competitors.

The researcher states that he views democracy as the right of people to elect their government representatives which can solve their problems of private property, law and order, judiciary ,health and care, food and shelter, employment, infrastructure, social equality and higher standard of living etc.

The current financial crisis has now become a global economic phenomenon which has spread all over the world. When considering the possible causes for this economic situation, the fundamental defect of the free market system is the prominent reason for the crisis. In the US economy, a secure and sustainable economic order is not ensured by the economic regulatory.

Using up the available land may also trigger environmental concerns and loss of the local flavour being preserved and cause objections. All this had led to stagnation in supply causing a severe shortage of housing. All this triggered a demand for the existing limited available properties fuelling a high priced market in the early 2000s.

The medium to short term triggers of the crisis can be traced back to 2005 when house prices surged and started dropping in late 2006.The crisis has burst the housing bubble which has even aggravated the current economic situation in the US which according to economists is already tantamount to a recession.

The World Trade Organisation is continuing guiding its member nations to enact trade policies designed to minimize the impact of trade on the environment. Today, the WTO explicitly includes nontariff barriers and other issues which impinge on commercial and governmental activities beyond the trade domain during trade policy negotiations.

The Civil war and the period of Reconstruction was arguably the most turbulent period and triggered a number of changes that conclusively shaped American society. Symbols of uncertainty like slavery, national supremacy and national supremacy were demolished and a period of uncertainty and chaos that had gripped the USA for more than 80 years was decisively put to rest.

The recession weakened the ability of lenders to meet the demand for loans, especially without security. The economic downturn brought about financial difficulties in SMEs and at the same time, lenders could not guarantee access to additional funds. Some of the SMEs were forced to shut due to financial difficulties and bankruptcy.

With the expansion in the economy, on one hand, FDI has remained successful in providing full-fledged investment support to the East Asian countries, while on the other hand, FDI has created a vacuum for the European states particularly in the area of labor. In this essay, we would be examining the following details along with the reason why FDI occurs usually in MNCs.

GDP also fails to include all the production in the economy since its computation does not take into account production outside formal marketplaces such as underground market, unpaid housework, childcare, and even volunteer work. Also, GDP does not consider changes in leisure which directly accounts the opportunity cost of work.

The Saskatoon berries are Native American produce which is often traded in dried, canned or frozen form. The product is a very profitable one, with increasing demand in the international market for the wild tasting organic produce. “Investment in human capital through education and training is the key ingredient to innovation”.

The reasons have ranged from low levels of education and an untrained workforce to the spike in petroleum prices that began in 1973. Most economists that have examined this problem have attempted to find a single suspect or a magic bullet. However, the case is much more complex than that.

Although SME liquidity information at a Chinese level is not available, it is compiled for certain countries. In China, franchising has played an important role in the development and expansion of businesses for many years. For example, the number of business format franchisors has grown from 909 in 1990 to over 3,080 in 2000.

At the end of the nineties, many economic researchers attempted to access the role of the huge enterprises plaid in the accumulation of the capital in the national economy; most of the researchers agreed that large conglomerations created national capital there were some controversies surrounding the efficiency of the internal market capital.

For a society to exist it has to be made up of a population which shares a terrain and culture and often this population tends to be very large and made up several generations. Each and every society has its individual traditions and ethnicity, that is what makes up its particular culture. The religion is one of the chief elements of a society’s culture.

There are numerous factors that influence the flow of capital resources into host countries however within the current scope of this study emphasis will be placed on the specific influence that exchange rates with regards to the rise and fluctuations across the international capital market have on investment activities across the world.

“From the 1980s to the present day, there has been an increasingly rapid globalization of the world economy. Globalization may be defined as the increased integration of national economies into global, rather than national markets, prompted by liberalized capital flows, liberalized trade flows, significant advances in information technology..."

If the price of raw materials is going to increase like this then people are more likely to settle to other products for eating and will ignore these products that are available in the market at higher rates even though they are available in proper hygienic format with the application of world standards in their manufacturing. (Sloman, 2001) 

For this assignment, we select Afforestation of surplus agricultural land as our major project, which deals with planting of trees on land that did not carry forest for centuries, i.e. Afforestation is a clear shift in land use of a certain area.

In addition to these layoffs, both General Motors and Ford have planned for multiple plant closures and the selling off of controlling shares of assets or subsidiaries in their ongoing struggle toward profitability. These announcements come as a blow to the tenuous economic recovery of the United States.

As the paper declares the Neoclassical growth model is a model of economic growth that focuses on income derived from neoclassical production function.  These functional properties are diminishing returns to savings and capital accumulation.  Technical progress acts to increase output the same as increased labor would.

Comparative advantage exists when a country has a margin of superiority in the production of a good or service. It is in the interests of all economies to engage in international trade insofar as they all must have a comparative advantage in producing particular goods while also experiencing comparative disadvantage in producing others.

The result of all this is the debt of financial sector has risen sharply from (Calbreath, 2008). It now stands at 74 percent higher than it was in 2000 and 10 times higher than in 1980. Quoting the figures from the Office for National Statistics, Monaghan (2009) indicated that the GDP figures recorded a dip of 1.5 percent in the final quarter of 2008. 

Held and McGrew (2002) review several definitions for globalisation and emphasise that while all are accurate, few capture the complexity of the phenomenon and therefore, do not comprehensively define globalisation.

Recuperating the living standards, conditions, and patterns of individuals are the plausible measures that can be adopted for improving the living standards of the people of a nation. Provision of a broader range of economic opportunities to them can also contribute in reducing the inequality among the society.

A major difficulty in comparing the intelligence of man with that of dolphins is the fact that we have evolved into two such different environments. The so-called "environment fa 

Economics gets an all-important slot everywhere. Nation wise or even internationally all important policies and decisions anchor upon Economics. Whether it's war policy or food policy, Economics plays a role in it. It's the duty of Economists to study the economic viability and impacts of major policies and policy changes. 

The author showed evidence to support his argument that the recent housing market boom bears many similarities to the stock market bubble of the late 1990s, and may eventually be followed by declining home prices for years to come. All this information helped me understand the real estate market more clearly. 

According to the report the Delaware (USA) version was crafted by the Board of International Accounting Standards in Delaware, USA. This operating and financial review report system governs the accounting procedures1 for issuance of the operating2 and financial review. Use of business of the Delaware version is voluntary.

In order to achieve its objectives of enhanced global commerce and competition through trade liberalization, the WTO must help improve the political atmosphere for further liberalization. Governments should be engaging in less promise of job increases as a result of trade liberalization but should inform the public about the lasting increase.

In ordinary language, inflation means a process of rising prices. A situation is described as inflationary when either the prices or the supply of money are rising . In other words, we can say “Too much money chasing too few goods”. Therefore, inflation is a state of an economy in which the value of money is falling i.e. prices are rising.

The healthcare and drug industry is unique from others because environmental conditions directly influence the nature of ailments and, to some degree, the susceptibility and responsiveness of people to drug types. Intimate knowledge and awareness of the host-environment directly correlate to a pharmaceutical company’s ability to deliver.

The economy, with a rapidly expanding population, has experienced a marked decline in investment, low labor productivity, a widening trade gap, a fast accumulation of debt and, above all, a sharp decline in the standard of living

It further assumes that Israel would not take up any activity that would hinder economic growth in Palestine. The current economic scenario in Palestine is not very encouraging. In the second quarter of 2007, the GDP of Palestine grew by 6.5%. The largest increases in gross value added were registered in the sectors.

The author asks scientists to become more rational in dealing with crisis and strike a balance between two extremes. On one side, some scientists ask to tie hands and stop the economic progress, while others advocate progress at the cost of destroying the environment.  The article overall is balanced and well written and shows the grasp of the author from a different perspective.