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A murder occurs when a person who commits the crime is of sound mind, alive, and has an intent to kill. Manslaughter can occur with intent but only where the partial defense can apply, like loss of control. A death that results from grossly negligent conduct is also considered manslaughter as well as a death that results from an illegal act involving harming another person.
Rival firms in an oligopoly match each other’s price cuts but do not match each other’s price increases. Competition in an oligopoly primarily takes the form of advertising and product differentiation. There are a lot of barriers to entry in an oligopoly like economies of scale, product differentiation and brand loyalty, mergers and takeovers etc (Slomon 174).
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United Arab Emirates (UAE) has established many Free Trade Zone Areas in order to provide an incentive for businesses to be located in the region. Free trade zones were originally created targeting foreign investors so as to promote foreign trade. They are areas where certain special laws do apply with respect to income repatriation, taxation, ownership, recruitment of labor, and value addition.
This process of unifying European currency started back in the aftermath of World War II and progressed gradually for over 60 years. Critics were so skeptical on the Europe’s idea of monetary unification claiming that Europe was not close to optimal monetary union.
On the other extreme is the monopoly, a single firm in the whole industry hence there is no competition (Sloman 2007). Theoretically a perfect competition is possible but practically a perfectly competitive market does not exist. Properties of a perfectly competitive market include: 1 Consumers believe the products are homogenous 2 Firms are free to entry or exit the market 3 Buyers and sellers have perfect knowledge (buyers know the price charged by sellers and sellers know about the number of buyers in the market) 4 Minimal transaction costs- the expense of finding a buyer, in case of a seller, or vice versa for a buyer and making a trade transaction are almost negligible (Perloff 2003).
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Sustainable development and renewable energy use share an intimate connection. The changes in climate are the topic of the time. The primary and major emission gas for Greenhouse Gases is carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide goes into the atmosphere and changes the weather conditions, bio-diversity will decrease through an increase in temperature.
Official cash rate is the rate of interest set by the Board of the Reserve Bank of Australia which is charged on the overnight funds that are borrowed or lent between financial institutions. This implies that it is the rate which is charged by financial institutions in Australia’s banking sector to other banks for overnight loans.
Planet’s most populated country, with a population of more than 1.3 billion, and the second largest country by land area, China has over the past few years also marked its importance to the graph of the global economy. The people’s Republic of China has undertaken tremendous growth during the last three decades.
It will also focus on comparing the perfect market with the monopolistic market and the assumptions related to such a market, i.e. the number of firms in the market, types of products offered by each firm, entry and exit to the industry, and firm’s influence over price. Supply and demand is the main concept on which the whole study of economics is based.
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Market structure – This section analyzes the characteristics of the market that exists in the US pharmaceutical industry as well as comparison of the US market with other world markets. Producers and suppliers – This part discusses major producers and suppliers of pharmaceutical products in the US market and their performance by use of sales, R&D expenditure and net income as major indicators.
In the United States of America, the minimum wage is constructed around a flat hourly rate where the law specifies the minimum amount of pay to be given on an hourly rate. This law is called the Federal minimum wage bill, which was amended, on July 24, 2009, to reset the minimum wage figure to $7.25 per hour.
Macroeconomics and microeconomics vary in the scope of study, so macroeconomics covers the aggregate study of various units combined together, while the microeconomics handles a particular unit of an economy. In the overall economic phenomenon of macroeconomics, it handles issues of aggregate investment, consumption, savings and production.
Further, the price of goods shall impose shifts in the supply curve since manufacturers produce more quantity of products when the prices are higher and reduced quantity when the market prices slump down (Boyes, & Melvin, 2013). Therefore, the supply curve shifts downwards or upwards when the present factors in the market seem to challenge the imposed prices to reduce or increase accordingly.
The preferences of the agents and the principals differ, and where an imperfect contract exists, the agency relationship can be exacerbated by large information asymmetry. The agent-principal problem became apparent during the Enron scandal and the 2008 financial crisis. Governments passed important regulations.
J. Sansbury company operates through a network of over 1,106 supermarkets and convenience stores along with an employee base of 157,000 (J Sainsbury plc, 2013). Company annual reports, various peer-reviewed journals and textbooks news articles, and industry reports have been considered as the main data sources in this research.
The paper also discusses Cochrane’s key claim and comments on that key claim. It asserts that on balance, there is some weight to the argument of Cochrane relating to the threat of inflation from sustained fiscal deficits and loss of lender confidence in American debt leading to the government needing to fund deficits by printing dollar.
The paper tries to identify the performance of the company before and after the deregulation. It has been noted that the performance of the airline industry has been quite unstable because of deregulation. However, Southwest Airlines has been able to maintain its position because of its innovative strategy of low cost airlines and also due to its commendable service towards the passengers.
The US was in grave economic jeopardy, on account of the Great Depression, which lasted from 1929 to the early 1940’s. The enactment of the federal minimum wage law provided an appreciable measure of relief to employees, who were now assured of at least 25cents an hour with a 44-hour weekly work ceiling.
Political boundaries, economic boundaries. Apparently distinct and separate, but actually living in perfect symbiosis. Economic boundaries change abruptly and this is due to the fact that today we have an increasingly evolved world with an increasing number of technological services on offer.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different aspects that contribute to the decline of the available housing units in America and to offer right options for the formulation of policies that will increase the number of affordable housing units. A majority of people are affected by decrease in the availability of affordable housing units.
In an organization with effective performance management, the managers perform the performance management process and carry out each component of the process effectively. Only planning for any business is not sufficient, a company also needs to concentrate on the way by which a task can be accomplished. Here lies the need for performance management.
Here, it can be seen that if the U.S. concentrates only on the production of clothing and India produces only food (i.e. both the nations follow specialization), and then exchange their commodities, both the nations will be able to gain from this setup. Therefore, according to Adam Smith, absolute cost difference provides the basis for international trade. (In this example labour hour is taken to be the only resource of production.)
The overview consists of the establishment reports of the IMF. It follows with the merits and the demerits of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) along with the major roles being played by it. The study also includes the major criticisms of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) (The World Economy, “The International Monetary Fund”).
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Hurricane Katrina passed into the Gulf of Mexico presenting a huge threat to the coastal areas of Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, and New Orleans. Then, in the early morning of August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore at the mouth of the Mississippi near Orleans with 140 mph sustained winds and storm surges two stories tall.
The Tiebout model is an economic model explaining competition among the state and local governments. The principle of Tiebout’s theory is that the mobility of citizens (consumer voters) coupled with inter-jurisdictional competition can lead to a resourceful allotment of resources to the public sector (Billings 2008, p. 36).
They basically seek a reduction in risk before investing their money (Smets 1260). Due to this, decision makers need clarity about price rises, joblessness, interest rates plus economic escalation. The government can influence these factors through monetary policy (MCcallum 1787).
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This has been regarded as the consequence of the recent global financial crisis. Weighing various forces, positive as well as negative, which are most likely to affect economic activity in the short term, most of the economic forecasters have projected their recent growth predictions earlier forecasts.
The paper focuses on endogenous growth and utilises two major approaches to deal with the issue. These are namely the convergence controversy approach and the state of market competition (Romer).
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It began in 1929 preceding World War-II and lasted until the earlier 1940s. Many countries were in great depression during 10 years and it affected the economy, politics and living standards. The time period of the 1929s-1940s great depression varied across the countries but they remain in great depression for a decade and it was the greatest depression in the history of world.
Because of this, the international coverage of the crisis had also been remarkable. This paper discusses in detail the 2008 financial crisis focusing on the causes as well as, the final consequences. It is worth noting that poor financial policies were a major category of the probable causes of the 2008 financial crisis.1 Notably, major weaknesses were exposed within the national stretching beyond the international financial regulatory body frameworks.
Today, the size of a country’s level of information technology input could be equated to the level of economic growth and the subsequent size of that country’s economy. It is therefore important that various countries continue to plan ways of improving and bettering their information technology competitiveness in order to remain competitive.
According to the report in the United Kingdom, different sectors utilise energy for varied purposes and in diverse extents. The domestic sector in the UK is accountable for using almost 34% of energy. The demand for domestic energy is recognised to be increasing by a considerable extent of which oil use is over 70 million tonnes per annum.
Resources available to satisfy individuals’ wants are limited such that individuals will have to choose between alternatives. The notion of scarcity results in the problem of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the value of the best-foregone alternative. Since resources are scarce, people have to choose between different opportunities.
The debt crisis is an issue of major concern for any less developed or developing country. Generally these less developed countries have to borrow money from different leading countries or the private banks or World Bank for their growth and economic sustenance.
The management practices equally vary with respect to cultures. Indeed, what may be an acceptable managerial practice may be unacceptable in another culture. Most assuredly, as time lapses, there is a growing rise in cultural diversity and cultural practices and thus the need for cross-cultural management to enhance the integration of different cultures in business (Steers, Sanchez & Nardon 2010, pp. 45-50).
However, when human beings are exposed to an outcome that is relatively average, they prefer to avoid making a loss than taking the opportunity to make a gain. In an experiment done by economics by introducing monkeys to the idea of cash, similar behavior was observed (Wilkinson and Klaes, 2012:22). It is clear that the term ‘rationality’ is ambiguous and can be used in different concepts.
According to the paper, the labor union movement has been affected both in the positive as well as in the negative manner in the recent years. On macro-economic level, labor unions have become more participative in the policy making process. Due to lack of demand for the labor, there is a tendency to curtail the powers of the unions on micro-level.
The current state of unemployment is such that were we to rake into account part-time employees, who would like to work full-time, then one in six of the employee workforce in the U.S. is either unemployed or under employed, meaning that almost the production and goods or services is reduced by almost one sixth of the capacity (El-Erian, 2011).
Performance management is about identifying, measuring, and adopting strategic mechanisms to align a company’s plans with its vision, mission, values, specific goals and translate them into corporate operation. It includes the conduct of evaluations, either formal or informal, such as appraisal and constructive feedback mechanism to determine the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and strengths.
The other alternative is to do a combination of both activities. The aim of this exercise is to determine who has the comparative advantage, meaning the one who has a lower opportunity cost of producing potatoes or raising chickens. In the end, one can see the relevance of specializing in an activity where one has the lower opportunity cost.
A plan to facilitate mortgage refinancing plan in order to rescue the housing market was the focal point for Obama administration. Since October 24th, a strong push by the Federal housing Finance agency is being conducted to let lenders borrow at lower rates.
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Among the county’s major cities include Atwater, City of Merced, Livingston, and Los Banos. The population in the county is diverse estimated at 255,793 people on the 1,971.87 square mile, which translates to 130 people per square mile, according to the 2010 census (US Census Bureau).
This research will begin with the statement that еhe purpose behind the establishment of any business organization is mainly to make profits and earn maximum customer recognition. This research tells that before entering a market, business organizations must identify the forces operating in that particular market.
But these companies try to recover these losses by lay off large number of employees and save the payroll cost. These days unemployment is a burning issue especially in Europe and USA. This topic is concerned with today’s generation and cause of hyper tension between emerging and emerged countries.
Aggregate supply on the other hand represents the amount of products that an economy can produce. Under normal circumstances, aggregate demand should equate to aggregate supply. The studying these concepts of aggregate supply and demand helps in understanding macroeconomics at a wider level.
Another condition that makes the deadweight in the industry to become severe is the presence of taxes along with subsidies. Increases in taxation happen when demand for a product is more elastic. This only happens in a market where there is competition and the tax charges are given to all the participants within this market.
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The automobile industry began to take shape in the early 18th century. At that time the cars were simple, even some of the early models went on without engines, therefore, people used to push them around. Nevertheless, as time passed automobile technology became more complex and in 1914 the first car engine was introduced by Sir Henry Ford.
This is primarily achieved through the exportation of products for which the country has substantive comparative advantages. Export-led growth theory provides for the opening of domestic markets and allowing for foreign competition in exchange for access to the markets of foreign nations.
Figure 3.4 reflects on a change of price leads to a change of the demand of quantity of the product. In demand curve, every point specifies the consumer benefit with each unit of additional good being consumed and by adding all the good consumed total benefit can be attained (GILLESPIE, 2011).
It is broadly divided into two categories namely consumption externality which affects the consumers and production externality which affects producers. A negative externality such as pollution incurs costs to the third parties while a positive externality results into benefits to the third parties (Jordaan, 2009).