Law Essays

The author states that the definition of criminal behavior changes with time. As laws change, behavior that was once illegal is suddenly permitted. Americans in the early-twentieth century could have seen, in their lifetime, the rollercoaster ride of alcoholic spirits from “accepted” to “criminal” to “accepted once again.”

Confidentiality is important, and in order to build a level of trust then a certain amount of confidentiality must be in place as well. The discussion has shown that there are different types of consent Dr. Vernon could act upon in order to safeguard his patient as well as those who are at risk of becoming infected due to her viral illness.

A meeting of the member states was thus held at Geneva on the 28th of June 1951 and is popularly regarded as the Geneva Convention. This summit initially constrained the scope to shield European refugees in the aftermath of World War II but a 1967 Protocol detached the conditions of geographical and time restrictions.

The parallel world of crime has existed with the righteous for ages. Baser instincts like greed, intolerance, maliciousness, murder and vice of every kind have existed side by side, like thorny shrubs, with gracious fruits of righteousness and care. To this day, lawlessness and order continue to co-exist.

The Oxford English Dictionary defines “law” as “a rule or system of rules recognized by a country or community as governing the actions of its members” (2001).  Indeed, for centuries philosophers have attempted to define, prioritize and characterize the essential elements of law and functional legal systems, discussing such conceptualities as the nature of law and the relationship, if any, between law and morality. 

The author states that the central idea underlining the person-centred counselling is that the person should be trusted to fund his own way out, while the therapist is the companion who encourages the relationship in which person feels safe.  The person-centred approach is the belief in rightness, appropriateness, and goodness of human nature. 

According to the preceding analysis and having earlier established the applicability of the right of survivorship to the case in question, Mr. Partridge should have no concerns regarding his intended purchase of the property. There are no equitable or beneficial owners apart from Clarissa and, indeed, she is the sole beneficial owner of Maple Leaf.

On September 23, 2009, the maritime industry put a new set of rules and regulations termed Rotterdam Rules when 15 countries ratified the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea. These rules are set to replace the Hague rules of 1924 and the Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules of 1978.

Paul the decision of the Institute of Complimentary Medicine (ICM), which regulates you as one of the practitioners, registered under it is for sure flawed, compromised and violative. First of all, I have taken note of the point that after receiving a complaint from a member of the public, I don't know if there was any intimation done from the Institute to you, but nevertheless, upon your application for renewal of your licence they refused on the ground of a complaint they received from a member of the public.

The author states that several meetings will be held between me and the union leader to negotiate even further and to decide which party can compromise on which issue. A finalized version of the contract will be rotated amidst the employees who will sign it to bind them to the contract for a certain period as agreed.

Sexual harassment has been widely viewed as a stumbling block to the fulfillment of the achievement which requires integrating women in the job market. In the United States for instance, estimate by media and government surveys indicates that forty to sixty percent of women are harassed in their workplace while in Europe the percentage are slightly low ranging from forty to fifty percent.

We all can justify something in order to make it no longer fit under the category of being dishonest. Therefore, a legal definition of the term must be set, which was the intention of Theft Act 1968.

One cannot deny the contribution and effectiveness of police but public perceptions view and claim that police make only minimal contributions to crime prevention in the context of far more powerful social institutions, like the family and labor markets. The fact appears to lie in between. This is to admit that police prevents crime by focusing on its prioritized objectives.

It is essential to state that results of various surveys reveal that there is a lot of confusion among lawyers and notaries as to what exactly their extent of power and duty is and whether it is a legal duty of a notary to ensure that the Signor has comprehended the contents of the document he is signing.

The provisions of paragraph 1 of this Article shall not extend to the following: export prohibitions or restrictions temporarily applied to prevent or relieve critical shortages of foodstuffs or other products essential to the exporting contracting party, import and export prohibitions or restrictions necessary to the application of standards.

The laws regarding minor children “As stated in (b) above, the economic burden of caring for a child of the marriage should be shared equally.” I will advise Pauline that the visitation agreement that she and Robert wish to adhere to regarding Bethany needs to be arranged before the paperwork and financial provisions are filed. 

The strategy of allocation of the culprit should include all the people who are responsible. No discrimination should be made in the shape of economic status, power, or position. Whether they are at the individual level, corporate level, or industry level. The process of responsibility allocation should be done in a very cost-effective manner.

On one end of the debate are advocates of this practice, led by Alan Watson, who view the transplanting of legal rules as "socially easy" because of their belief in the separation between society and law (Watson, 1974); while on the other end of the spectrum are skeptics who argue that "rules cannot travel" (Kahn-Freund, 1974) because they are inextricably linked to the context accorded by the origin at which they were created in.

A lease has always been difficult to define and there is still no adequate definition. A lease of land involves both proprietary and contractual rights for both the landlord and the tenant. A tenant is the ‘owner’ of land, albeit temporarily and subject to restriction but equally he is a consumer contracting for the provision of ‘service’.

Since Robert is the heir of the covenantor for the retaining wall, of which a real covenant is assumed to have been committed, he is obliged to maintain the wall, and as such, John may invoke this covenant in order to protect his property from damages that may arise due to the collapse or destruction of the retaining wall located in Robert’s property. 

The French authorities wish to deport Derek and his family back to Britain. Here it will be important to consider the rights of the European Union citizens though before doing that it is perhaps important to consider whether the actions complained of by the French authorities are legally objectionable, or otherwise. 

If by any chance the case goes to court, the Bluechester city council has very little ground to evict the Doncaster Wagons Ltd due to the fact that it did not register the land in the period of possession or it did not start any legal proceedings against the latter while it was in the adverse possession of the land.

Fiona Bookman writes in Understanding Homicide that there exist widely held beliefs among criminologists about the nature and morality of women with regard to the nurturing role of a woman as a wife and a mother. Feminity and womanhood are generally associated with an absence of criminality, and women are universally judged on the basis of these virtues.

The Cherokee people were one of the first Native Tribes to acquire a written language and as such, they have also been progressive in their approach towards government and the system of justice. Since the early 19th century, the Cherokee have had a constitution, Supreme Court, and a system of government based on European ideas.

Turner (2005) provides a practical insight into how child life specialists (CLS) working in children's’ hospitals can gather valuable clues about a child’s attachment to its primary caregivers, by observing their responses to separation from their carers, combined with the effects of other stressors associated with hospitalization. 

The author states that forensic science was free to the police at the point of delivery since it was paid for as part of common police services. Over the previous five years, serious (violent) crimes had been rising rapidly, whilst the numbers of forensic scientists had remained stable. Techniques had been developing for checks expanding.

There are several exceptions to the Doctrine of Privity of contract which has been developed, as detailed above, on grounds of equity and fairness to third parties who are the beneficiaries of a contract. These allow Lanois the facility of functioning as an agent on behalf of Blade to ensure performance from Robertson.

In presence of the Gender Policy of the EU which states vulnerability to be negotiated with Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome, guarantees the principle of equal pay for equal work regardless of sex. Article 119 is considered to be one of those solid frameworks upon which Gender policies rest. (Ellina, 2003, p. 21)

It is my position that the consideration of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 unsuitable as a consumer code and more suitable as a commercial code, is mere semantics. I will show throughout my discussion that the act applies and offers relief to consumers and business on an equal plain.

Feminism has been part of society for over a century. This phenomenon was responsible for social change through challenging the inherent biases and oppression against women. However, in the field of law, feminism became an instrumental aspect only after the Critical Legal Studies movement in the nineteen-eighties. 

With regard to the Horizontal Direct effect, the Article 232 EC of the Treaty states that “in case the European Parliament, the Council or the Commission, in infringement of this Treaty, fail to act, the Member States and the other institutions of the Community may bring an action before the Court of Justice to have the infringement established”. 

Company law includes the body of legal rules relating to the creation, management, financing and operation of companies. These rules have developed to protect investors, maintain confidence in the market and attempt to ensure that fairness is achieved for the various stakeholders connected to a company.

The element of law remains a crucial aspect that has been exhibited throughout mankind’s long struggle from the cave to the ultra-modern society we subsist in. The order has been an imperative notion while chaos has been conceived as detrimental to a genuine and steady subsistence. Every civilization, be it colossal or diminutive, powerful or weak, has constructed for itself a structure of moral principles within which to expand.

With Respect to the study, Ms. Jenny paid Mr. Finbar Euro 15 for every week of his assistance but it would be out of ethics to ask for more money after the acceptance, later on, recovery of the loss. It might be legal but it all depends upon the agreement held while Mr. Finbar accepted the Euro 15 for each week instead of Euro 60. 

To speak on this aspect of a crime problem, Emile Durkheim in his treatise crime as a normal phenomenon said that, “a society composed of persons with angelic qualities would not be free from violations of the norms of that society”. In fact, crime is not a constant phenomenon, rather it is changing with the social transformation.

Seigel dragged Merrill Lynch to court for the lapse. The court, however, ruled in favor of Merrill Lynch since the plaintiff was indebted to the casinos. Seigel owed the casinos monies for the losses incurred by him in gambling. Under UCC 4-403 and 4-407, Seigel did not suffer actual loss from Merrill Lynch mistakenly making payments to the order of $ 143,000.

A determined attempt was made to change the law to allow divorce where a couple had lived apart for at least seven years. The attempt failed. But less than a decade later the Divorce Reform Act 1969 allowed divorce if the parties had lived apart for two years (and both consented) or five years (if one did not consent).

An interference with interests can be either by affecting materially the land of the claimant or if his use or enjoyment is affected; or where there has been interference with the servitude and similar rights over the land. A difference between material and other interference has been given in St Helens.  

Besides changes in the jury itself, wider changes to the criminal justice system have transformed the nature of the right to a jury trial. In particular, the growth of legal aid in criminal cases this century means that virtually all criminal defendants are represented by a trained lawyer, strengthening the defendant's position whilst placing an increasing burden on the public purse.

The author states that the dismissal of this case would create a hostile working environment for individuals identifying themselves as homosexuals. Sexual harassment in the workplace is illegal regardless of gender or sexual preference. However, the differentiation is based upon the actions of the sexual harassment not the gender of the individual.

The author states that the issue of reduction of funding for correctional facilities is very much supported by different groups and organizations. For instance, many people believe that more of the budget must be allotted for higher education, in consideration of the present state of educational infrastructures and expensive tuition fees.

The most important section of the Human Rights Act 1998 is section 6(1) which states "it is unlawful for a public authority to act in a way which is incompatible with a convention right." This section ensures that all public authorities are bound by the European Convention. The Act purposely does not give a list.

It is assumed that the will, by which the 950 shares have been bequeathed to the Accountant, Tom, to be held in trust for Ben’s nephew, Andrew, is a written one, since, f Section 53 (1) (c) of the Law of Property Act 1925 categorically states that any verbal or non-written disposition of Equitable interest is void and unenforceable.

Women must rise, get empowered and extol their sense of humanity because like men, they are human beings too needing laws’ protection and economic opportunities to become a truly pro-active partner of men. This is because justice is not just about seeking revenge although it imposes punitive measures to extract deterrence and reform criminals.  

In order to do so, a novation clause would have to be necessarily incorporated, into the contract. Enforceable rights can be given to specified individuals, companies, or members of a class or those conforming to a specific description. Rights can also be granted to third parties who do not exist at the time of the contract. 

The complaint was instituted by six Yugoslavians, all residents of Belgrade, then of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, for themselves and for certain deceased relatives. It all started when the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (or NATO for short) bombed the premises of the Radio-Television Serbia in Belgrade in the midst of the Kosovo conflict. 

The occupational Safety and Health Administration has utilized a police-and-punish approach. Lately, it has emphasized the improvement of the industrial environment intending to prevent disease. Workers’ compensation laws make the employer fully liable and use the stimulus of insurance premiums to reduce accidents and diseases.

The work-study or an industrial engineer is generally present for the sake of specialization. At Honda’s plant, there is no need for specialization. Employees are expected to do all jobs, and they successfully manage that by feeding off and exchanging ideas with each other. Everybody is expected to develop and execute their job functions.

These procedures have always existed in one way or another in civil and commercial practices and customs and also as diplomatic methods of state conflict resolution. There are also Parliament Acts providing for specific application of extra-judicial ADR measures such as the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE)3, the Family Law Act4, .

The author states that smaller FTAs accomplish the goal of liberalization and the expansion of markets for U.S. goods” in the absence of a broader agreement like the Doha round. On the part of the smaller countries, bilateral trade agreements increase the local employment and provide a better climate for investors from the powerful nations.