Our website is a unique platform where students can share their papers in a matter of giving an example of the work to be done. If you find papers
matching your topic, you may use them only as an example of work. This is 100% legal. You may not submit downloaded papers as your own, that is cheating. Also you
should remember, that this work was alredy submitted once by a student who originally wrote it.
The fourth Amendment provides for ‘the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.’
15 prison ministries responded to the questionnaires [in what states, countries, etc.?], along with two US inmates. Varying inmate change benefits were acknowledged within the prison system along with an emphasis on the central role of inmate involvement in a religious community upon release [how was this determined? Any numbers and labels or categories to go with them?].
Preview sample
sponsored ads
Hire a pro to write a paper under your requirements!
Win a special DISCOUNT!
Put in your e-mail and click the button with your lucky finger
The domicile of dependency primarily related to children under the age of sixteen based upon the domicile status of the father at the date of birth. In cases where the domicile status of the father changes while the child is still dependent or under the age of 16, the child’s domicile status follows that of the father’s.
In Miller and McFarlane, Nicholls LJ instead of merely referring to inherited property decided to be more specific than in White and therefore, referred to the non-matrimonial property as property that the parties had brought with them into the marriage or had acquired by inheritance or gift during the marriage.
In a discretionary trust, the trustees exercise wide discretionary powers. If the objects are uncertain then the purpose of forming the trust itself is defeated. Hence, the test for certainty of objects aids in identifying the beneficiaries and ensures that the purpose of setting up the trust is served. As such it is consistent with the interests of settlors, the rights of potential objects, and the duties of trustees.
The offenders are supervised by both probation and parole officers. Probation officers supervise the offender before the trial making sure that he/she follows the rules of the release or after being sentenced by the court on probation. Sometimes they perform the duties of pretrial services officers supervising offenders before trial.
Property has been traditionally a significant issue for every common law country. According to Allen (2000, 14) ‘one of the rights of fundamental law was the right to property; While the state had the power to acquire property compulsorily, it could only do so on payment of compensation and for a public purpose.
Corporate or white-collar crime has been identified by several theories to be caused by many reasons, such as employees who perceived themselves to be treated unfairly who seek retribution, (general strain theory). The Behaviour Genetics Theory postulates a biological explanation for crime. Abnormal serotonin levels have been shown to be the origin of criminal behaviors of all natures.
In the case of R v Sang, the House of Lords ruled that evidence obtained thru entrapment cannot be excluded by the judge by the mere exercise of discretion because, under the English law, entrapment is not a substantial defense. At the most, it could be used merely to mitigate the penalty for the crime committed.
Giving children rights that have some independence from the rights of adults creates huge problems. What hurts the grown-ups who raise the children inevitably hurts the children. It is almost impossible to separate the plight of the child from the plight of the grown-up community on who that child depends.
In the case of Lord Wilberforce used the word fiduciary to export “any incident of express trust.” Millet LJ in the case of Bristol and West Building Society v. Mothew (1996) 4 All ER 698 gives a more comprehensive view of what fiduciary means and how we should construe the relationship between the fiduciary and its principal.
The European Council implements laws in the Member States of the Union by means of ‘Directives’. This device implements the harmonization of laws in the Union. The European Community had a significant impact on the legal systems of the Member States. It regulates the rights and interests of its members by developing its own institutions and a unique and autonomous legal system.
For several years now, there had been many court cases of which the jury trial was questioned, in the United Kingdom, the US, and elsewhere. Shadows of doubt, shady and apparent, were presented against these deliberations, and votes, but it is still used and trusted by the public in determining the guilt of persons charged with a criminal offense.
Defects might arise in a document due to various reasons, for example, a non-genuine bill of lading has been held to be a defective document, as has a bill of lading which fails to provide the buyer with 'continuous documentary cover. In general, the seller's obligations with regard to the documents have been deemed to be stringent.
13 pages (3654 words)
, Download 1
, Literature review
Free
The European Commission in conjunction with the European courts developed the competition policy in Europe, building on a conceptual and legal foundation of promoting market opening and strengthening community institutions. The competition law of the European Union is now in the transition toward a policy based on market-centered economic considerations.
In Peter’s case, it may be noted that although a class of beneficiaries has been identified, it is distinctly stated that the trustees have absolute powers to exercise their discretion in allotting the proceeds of the trust. The Court is to find that it is not a discretionary trust that exists in this instance, but rather a power of appointment.
When considering the doubling of sentences for armed robbery, legislators should consider the negative effects this action would cause to the public. If first, lawmakers reform existing guidelines that punish consensual acts in the same manner as violent ones, then they can enact more stringent penalties without harming law-abiding citizens.
Incidences of domestic violence, a growing problem in the U.S., affect the emotional, cognitive, and behavioral development of children, produces disharmony in the family unit, and instigates harmful lifetime problems for all concerned. When exposed to threatening or brutal emotional and/or physical treatment, children experience traumatic stress disorders that require exceptional coping skills.
To properly evaluate the constitutional legal order of the EU, it is essential to first define the conception of European law. The Constitutional Treaty affirms the conversion of the two European Communities into a unitary governing structure that is the European Union. Currently, there are primarily two methodologies defining the law of European Communities (EC).
Subject to the provisions of the deed, the trustee shall represent the owner and since rights of representation have passed from owner to trustee, the owner shall not be allowed to represent him/herself unless there is a breach of the agreement, which will render the deed as unenforceable.
Sarmas contends that applying the presumption in fact disadvantages women since they are already economically disadvantaged. Therefore, the application of a uniform law of presumption or presumption of advancement in the case of resulting trusts corroborates McHugh’s view that it is not one that reflects the current position as it exists.
The decision of the ASTIC sets aside a very large share of funds for purchases of land in only one particular territory or jurisdiction to the detriment of other States suggests unequal or inconsistent treatment, which is not in accordance with Government policy that calls for equitable distribution across all jurisdictions.
While laws have been revered as well as vilified by philosophers across time, it seems then no other thinker has taken the approach to understanding the law as it was taken by Louis Althusser. By subjugating Law to the status of state apparatus he clearly shows his Structural Marxist leanings as well as the evidence of empirical philosophy.
The inviolability that ensures the protection of diplomatic missions is based upon the principle of extraterritoriality. Under the umbrella of extra territorially, the premises of the embassy or other diplomatic mission of the sending State will be regarded as a part of the territory of the sending State and not of the receiving State.
An article entitled Liquidated Damages (n.d.) said that liquidated damages (LDs) are set and agreed in advance by the following legal principles:a) they are an agreement, determined in advance, by the parties to the contract, and included as a provision in the contract, to pay a pre-estimated amount of damages for a particular breach;
Doctors, therefore, are duty-bound, both ethically and legally, to maintain patient confidentiality in most situations and also at the same time to divulge information, which on being kept confidential would endanger third parties. Furthermore, the courts by extension will almost always support disclosure where such disclosure is beneficial to the public or where suppression of facts could prove harmful if not fatal.
The Times Law Report reported the facts of the case as follows: “On November 2, 1952, Christopher Craig, aged 16, armed with a knife, a revolver and ammunition, and Bentley, aged 19, who had a knife and a knuckle-duster, went on a warehouse-breaking expedition. At about 9.15 pm they were observed climbing into warehouse premises in Croydon.
The author explains that in maritime law an aggrieved party has a property interest in the vessel or other tangible item involved in the amount of the accrued liability and this right is a maritime lien. In rem is an action directly against the vessel bearing the lien. An in rem can only be brought to a federal court as a court of admiralty.
20 pages (5000 words)
, Download 2
, Research Proposal
Free
The discussion will revolve around statistical information gathered through various consumer stores as to how much-certified product has been sold versus uncertified; and, with statistical information gathered through interviews with forestry officials on the timber certification methods and their company history.
Thomas has all the right to refuse sale when he will be compelled to sell his share to Stephen and Demanding plc. The grounds under which the right of the majority consisting of Stephen and Demanding to compel take over the share of Thomas simply did not exist. Under the given facts, it is actually Stephen who has committed something prejudicial to the business.
The right to the residence cannot be challenged by the French Government. In the case of the requirement by the Portuguese Government, it is possible that such a requirement will not be deemed incompatible with EU law if it is applied on a uniform basis to all applicants, irrespective of their nationality and that a separate set of rules does not exist for nationals of other Member States.
5 pages (1250 words)
, Download 3
, Research Paper
Free
In order to be successful in business in today’s market, companies cannot avoid employing technology and the Internet. In the past two decades, almost every aspect of the business world is affected by technological advances. Technology use is a vehicle that employees can use to take company data.
The advent of the internet in the 1990s has revolutionized our society. The advances in internet use brought in its wagon a lot of issues like privacy, security, and ethical. This made the extension of information technology laws to the internet. Problems of Data Protection, Intellectual Property Rights, and Crime on the internet started rising.
We should not allow blanket amnesty for illegal aliens. Granting them amnesty in effect absolves their illegal actions of residing, working and driving in the United States under false documentation. It rewards large numbers of foreigners who openly break the laws of the U.S. for their deeds by providing them with legal status.
Author’s conclusion is that, whilst for security purposes a national method of citizen identity is advantageous, the UK Identity Cards Act now in force is an intrusion into the rights of the individual and, furthermore, there is the potential for additional security risks resulting from the methods of implementation.
We have been approached by Mr & Mrs Tramp to advise them in respect of three issues arising from and affecting their business and it premises, advice given by professional persons and activities in the local that they consider being detrimental. The specifics of their complaints relate to an easement, the fulfilment of which is presenting a detrimental image and a nuisance for their business.
16 pages (4000 words)
, Download 2
, Book Report/Review
Free
The author states that England has a diverse mix of arts, cultures, and people. There are various forms of arts that are being protected and promoted. The Art Council of England works with the vision to promote the arts at the heart of national life, reflecting England’s rich and diverse cultural identity.
40 pages (10000 words)
, Download 4
, Research Proposal
The author states that the objective of recent innovations in legislation and the restructuring of social services networks is directed towards making the social system more effective. However, national policy guidelines need to be restructured to suit a regional framework before they can function at optimum levels.
In Richard’s case, the will has been executed according to the formality requirements laid out in Section 9 of the Wills Act which includes signing it in the presence of two witnesses, this may be considered adequate to meet the requirements of validity for the will since it substantially complies with the formality requirements.
The author explains that his role within his team is to contact the victims of young offenders and offer support, sentence update information and make referrals to other agencies where appropriate and necessary. He also attends panel meetings when requested to do so by the victims.
Therefore, this research shows why it is important to have specific laws to protect against an intrusion into privacy by instating Tort laws that show a breach of confidentiality is the same as an intrusion on privacy and therefore can be penalized in the court system. This research focuses on specific issues relative to these concerns.
The defense of good faith and “force majeure” is valid in cases of breach of contract. Where there is a clear showing that the act was performed in good faith and that the resulting damages were caused by acts of nature or “force majeure” such defense is valid provided that no delay in the performance thereof has been incurred.
Also, this paper discusses surrendering specific areas of economic, social and judicial authority to EU institutions, and how member nations have sought to create conditions that would enable them to achieve economic success in both the European as well as the overseas markets. How do they realize this goal member states?
The values contained within the framework of democracy are based upon the rights of individuals and the freedom to enjoy certain rights and liberties under the law. While terrorism is undoubtedly a lethal threat and terrorists are the cause of violence and damages, the use of torture cannot be condoned within a democracy.
To enable us to assess the validity of this position we have studied the judgment made in the case of LJ Wall, Wyatt v Portsmouth Hospital NHS Trust [2005] EWCA Civ 1181 para 112, and undertaken further research, both in the legal and medical field.
The primary job of the Supreme Court is to render decisions on cases that are unconstitutional in nature or have great bearing on the public. The decisions made by this court are irreversible by any lower court and are considered a standard against which all other cases must be held. A decision by the Supreme Court is a decision not just on the particular case.
8 pages (2454 words)
, Download 1
, Literature review
Free
Public International Law may be defined as a concept to grant rights and responsibilities on intergovernmental international organizations and even individuals. To qualify as a subject a state had to be sovereign i.e. it needed a territory, a population, a government and the ability to hold in political or foreign relations.
This case highlights the need to refine the legislation in the area of inequity in bargaining contracts, especially in those executed by financial institutions such as banks and credit cards, and to ensure that the protection for consumers that is provided through the UCTA be extended on a more wide-ranging basis.
Despite this fault of applicability, there is not much which can be said to be wrong with international law. It helps to define ways in which countries can act and is particularly useful in making trade agreements, conducting negotiations and in ensuring that countries conduct themselves in a civil manner.
Courts at the City, County, State and Federal levels process civil and criminal cases based on the constitutionally guaranteed due process of law. This right ensures that citizens are protected from unjustifiable intrusions from the government by requiring specific, progressive actions be taken in the dispensation of justice.