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The House of Lords takes a strict approach to the fiduciary duties of directors specifically in the context of the doctrine of corporate opportunity. In short, Regal (Hastings) v Gulliver and Ors ruled that company directors were not at liberty to take advantage of corporate opportunities as the same was a contravention of the fiduciary duty.
As the paper stresses that organizationally it will commence with a general discussion of fairness (or equity) and legal certainty and then proceed into consideration of specific aspects of employment law. Finally, a concluding section will draw these various argument threads together, offer conclusions about the state of employment law.
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The author states that disabilities impair people from doing certain things especially with regard to physical roles. People with disabilities require a lot of courage and support in order to function in a world that is challenging to them because of their disabling conditions. Those affected can learn to do basic skills on their own.
Trietal however points out that in respect of obligations of parties in a contract “the question whether a particular obligation is entire or severable is one of construction, and where a party agrees to do work under a contract, the courts are reluctant to construe the contract so as to require complete performance before any payment becomes due.”
This Treaty has been deemed to be the last among the series of the institutional reforms to be implemented in the EU. This Treaty aimed to render decision making more transparent and bring about a closer union of the people in the EU. In addition, citizens would have a greater voice in decision making.
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In essence, the broken window theory symbolises the proposition that if a window is left un-repaired, it will provide the trigger for other windows breaking, creating a correlative domino effect. The broken window is effectively a microcosm and representative of disorder through labelling and the disorderly elements.
Domestic violence was said to account for 15% of all violent incidents that happen. Various legislations and common laws were applied to solve this problem. This paper will cite and analyze these remedies to victims of domestic violence and will give a conclusion thereafter. The Family Law Act 1996 provides a “civil remedy for molestation”.
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The focus of this analysis is to critically evaluate the current legal system applicable to youth justice in England and Wales and consider the influence of the media in shaping youth justice initiatives. The author shall primarily consider the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and the provisions leading up to the implementation of the CJIA 2008.
The author of the paper will discover whether the US is a signatory to the treaty or treaties and, if it is, whether it has entered any relevant reservations, understandings or declarations as to the relevant provision. This paper discusses the question of if the US is a signatory but not a ratifier, can it be said that state actions defeat the “object and purpose” of the treaty.
The author looks at the relevant contract law principles in order to ascertain the current state of the law in Ireland. There are a number of requirements necessary for the formation of a valid contract. This includes offer and acceptance, an intention to create legal relations; and final consideration.
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This paper highlights that the large number of states within the EU increases dramatically the amount of competitive activity and also provides a much more diverse set of practices to be placed under a single set of rules. A need for change, constant updating and a broader-reaching concept of competition law has arguably fuelled some changes in EU Competition Law over the years.
The Public Order Act of 1986 would apply in this instance and the members of Life could be held to be guilty of gathering for a common purpose. The European Convention on Human Rights includes among its umbrella of rights guaranteed to people, the right to freedom of speech and association which may also include the freedom to protest.
The courts have found it less difficult to apply the duties of care principle to the cases of the construction industry. Public policy considerations especially have helped restrict floodgates of claims for negligence for economic loss i.e loss of profit which is far fetched and difficult to bear by the ‘wrongdoers’.
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The author states that implementation of chemical castration strategy to deter sex crimes largely rests on misconception and is not supported by sound theoretical and empirical foundations. From the critical perspective, chemical castration cannot be considered as cure-all treatment against sexual crimes.
Easement by prescription can be ruled out as the prescribed period is 20 consecutive years of uninterrupted use of the servient tenement. Whether or not the easement can be implied or was created out of necessity is another matter. An easement will be implied if it is necessary for the purchaser to fully enjoy the use of his/her land.
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This research will begin with the statement that the growth of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) since the 1990s corresponds with growth in legal developments at international law. The fact is, BITs have developed in such a way that they encapsulate their own laws under the broader application of customary international law.
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The Drug Law Reform Act can be set as an example so as long the pressure made by the citizens is strong enough, then it could make a change. In a wider scope, we can notice that even the people can out-power their fundamental law and change their structural system by grouping themselves together to fight for their right
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The Juarez cartel is present in 21 states in the country and has its major bases in Culiacan, Sinaloa, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, the cities of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, and Ojinaga, Chihuahua, Mexico City; Guadalajara, Jalisco, Morelos, Cancun, and Quintana Roo. The Sinaloa cartel is also widely spread in 17 states with its significant centres.
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Amongst the arguments given against the legalization of marijuana, the most prominent is that it creates a gateway effect, in terms of the concept that marijuana may not itself lead to much harm it inevitably leads to the use of stronger drugs such as cocaine. There is no scientific basis for the plea that marijuana acts as a gateway drug.
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The reformation of government by Lloyd George set the impetus for the development of the welfare state that led to Beveridge Report in 1941. The idea was to develop social security for the surviving soldiers after the Second World War. The impetus led to the initial legislation of social welfare and the start of National Insurance.
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American police were trained to respond to the commission of a crime (Palmiotto 14). American police historically lacked police-citizen interaction. Police strategy in America, at the beginning of the 20th century, was political. Policing represented the will of the political powers and their dominance in public life.
The emergence of the criminal justice system is as a result of prolonged incidences of crime increases demand justice for the accused. The introduction of the formal system of justice has been done to victims by apprehending the offenders. Moreover, of the largest population in the world, women have suffered the most through rape, sexual assaults.
The inviolability that ensures the protection of diplomatic missions is based upon the principle of extraterritoriality. Under the umbrella of extra territorially, the premises of the embassy or other diplomatic mission of the sending State will be regarded as a part of the territory of the sending State and not of the receiving State.
Nowadays security is more complicated and significant than ever before, however, it does not signify that similar solutions are appropriate for each business. Integrated Security Technologies identify that every business and entity has its own restricted set of disputes and one broad requirement, to remain their data safe.
Hale LJ asserted the importance of parents being made aware of the case that they were required to answer by the date of the hearing and approved the practice of requiring the local authority to make a clear statement of facts prior to the final hearing of the basis on which it alleged the threshold was crossed.
This means that, in the case of a private ruling, if other taxpayers become aware of the existence of the ruling, but were not a party to the application or named in it, they cannot rely on the ruling in relation to their own tax affairs, even though they consider their circumstances may be the same as those set out in the ruling.
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The paper will present an over view of the issue regarding the relationship between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations Security Council. The UN Security Council plays a pivotal role in maintaining international peace and security. Its primary responsibility is to ensure international peace.
The contention of the Life that the abortion services provided by Wulfran Local Authority constitute a violation of article 2 of the ECHR is meritorious. The first part of Article 2 of the ECHR clearly states that “Everyone's right to life shall be protected by law.” The protection accorded by law is however not absolute.
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The UNIDROIT Principles make a valiant attempt to ensure fairness in international contracts. To this end, it states categorically that the parties to a contract should act in good faith and with fair dealing. In fact, it considers this to be a general duty of the contracting parties. These Principles impose certain standards of reasonable behavior.
One of the duties imposed by the law on company directors is to act only within the confines of the functions and powers granted them by the company’s Constitution. This doctrine is essayed is s 171 of the Companies Act 2006. The same section, in the next subsection, also stresses that such powers legally conferred must only be the exercise.
The author states that many programmers enjoy legal protection for their efforts. However, there are a few who still have problems getting the same protection for their program and compiled databases. This has resulted in numerous court cases in which different parties lay claim to copyright for programs and databases.
In the realm of tort based on the ground of psychiatric injury due to negligence, also called nervous shock in earlier cases, claimants are either designated as primary or secondary. A primary victim is one who suffers psychiatric injury as a direct participant in an activity for which the defendant is found to have acted negligently.
Lawrence West’s accusation is that CPR post-Woolf Reforms has been a disaster to the civil justice system as litigants are literally prevented from approaching courts because of the burden of pre-action protocols. On the other hand, Judge Charles Harris directly answers in the negative except for the complexity.
Ursula must understand that quitting is not the way out under such a situation. She would be better advised to think of it again and again before reaching a final decision. She is advised to comprehend that John has his reservations and he needs to be told straight and in his face that she is very loyal to him and he must learn to respect her space.
The author states that western capitalism is guided by the idea of free market capitalism – allocating resources through the free market mechanism and facilitating the free flow of goods and services across the globe, among others. The unprecedented success of globalization can be attributed to various technological progress.
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Such states maintain that a worker should not join any workers union as a condition of the employment or retaining a job. The Right to Work laws secures for employees the right of employees to make a decision to join any union or pay money to unions (National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation 1).
Deportations’ social consequences are also very devastating to the individuals whose families have been deported for example many children due to fear of deportation they routinely conflate with police and immigration officials. Due to these many children who are United States citizens end up growing up with extreme fear for the law enforcement officials.
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Women are victims of sexual harassment in various sector of the economy, which reduces their ability to flourish professionally. As such, I will explore various ways to address such as aspect. In reference to the case study, Rowdy’s supervisor promises to promote her if she accorded him sexual favors.
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The case is about an introduction of the antipsychotic drug Risperdal for an unapproved use into interstate commerce. The use of the drug Risperdal for described prescription given by Janssen pharmaceutical instead of the intended use of the drug by the manufacturer rendered the product misbranded in the market.
The Treaty establishing the European Community under Article 2301 states: “Any natural person may….institute legal proceedings….” in a decision which involves him even indirectly. This provides for annulment of illegal administrative action and it allows citizens and firms to proceed against decisions.
The report states corrective action and advocates the following: Management and HR Interventions for people development, delegation, and empowerment; Management efforts towards providing a more proactive recognition and motivation initiative; All round efforts at improving and fostering the growth of two way communication.
Raising funds from the international market is always a challenge because it involves a multitude of factors which need to be taken care of in order to successfully achieve the desired objectives. One of the most important aspects of raising funds from the international market are the legal complications associated with such an action.
Both Robin and Seema’s legal rights were violated by the hotel management when they later pointed out that they have a clause on their brochure which gave them the right to change the bookings at the discretion of the management. Apparently, they did not see the brochure themselves which is a clear violation of their rights.
The author states that children with life-threatening complications like acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS are admitted and managed in high dependency care units, also known as pediatric intensive care units or PICUs where they may be intubated and put on mechanical ventilation.
The author states that the evidence of the detrimental impacts of segregation on inmates claimed by various researchers on the subject is quite alarming, and cannot be taken for granted. Due to the quality of the methodology, it is generally indefinite whether the disorders exhibited by several segregated inmates were entirely identifiable.
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The author states that in determining the effect of counter offers it will be particularly important to examine case law in this area in order to see how the courts have concluded that the parties are no longer in negotiation. In this case, this is essential, as it could be argued that the parties had not reached an agreement on the terms of the contract.
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Liquidation may suddenly come up in the process of two or more organizations engaging in business relationships. The principals affected in these business deals are Contigrain Ltd, located in Southampton, England; Agriplus Plc of London; Munchy Feeds Ltd of Northampton; Mr. Giles; Hampshire Supplies Ltd; and, indirectly, Industrial Finance Ltd.
Provided that Rare Plants Ltd followed faithfully the health and safety regulations of the state, it cannot be held liable for the violations of these regulations. Note that the facts of this case clearly stated that the company has engaged workers to make the premises of the company safe for visitors.
There are numerous reasons that seek to explain the difficulty in counting the number of cyber offenses that happen every year. Between 2006 and 2008, the number of cyber offenses witnessed an unusual high. Cyber offenses have been categorized into different types which come under the purview of the Computer exploitation (misuse) Act of 1990.
The right to manifest one’s religion under Article 9 is a “qualified right” in that the manifestation is required to be “in worship, teaching, practice, and observance”. Other limitations are also drawn from Article 9(2) which confers upon the state the right to limit the right to manifest one’s religion on three specific grounds.