Law Essays

According to the report social policy, its values and principles, is one of the most important elements in the implementation of common strategy of the European Union. Protection of the human rights is one of the cornerstones of current social legislation of the European Union. Social legislation of the European Union protects the citizens of the Union.

 Common law can be defined as a “system of law that prevails in England and in countries colonized by England.”  The name common law is resulting from the medieval theory that the law overseen by the king's courts signified the common custom of the kingdom, as opposed to the custom of local jurisdiction that was applied in local or manorial courts.

Therefore this type of law is customary and provides the basic framework for a constantly changing legal paradigm that adjusts itself to new cases and appeals, but is still based on the principles of natural law combined with principles of civil law. "Civil law rests upon justice as its foundation, and hence civil law does not establish justice, but rather accepts it as the guiding light of legislation.

The significances of the ruling with regard to the Home Secretary acting illegally in inserting a revised criminal damages system under the prerogative power instead of enforcing the statutory system under the Criminal Justice Act 1988 is analysed. The challenge is that the House of Lords accomplished the right conclusion, but for erroneous causes.

The umbrella organs, agencies, and personnel involved in these efforts of reducing and preventing these acts of terrorism, crimes and disorderly behaviors are collectively referred to as homeland security (Coppola, 2008). Particularly, homeland security relates to all the national efforts to prevent criminal acts such as terrorism targeting United States’ citizens, assets, and interests.

If the damage is minor, the buyer has an obligation to return the product to the seller for mending, replacement, price cutback, or even refund depending on the case.When the damage proves serious, the buyer is allowed to refuse the product and annul the contract

In this case, Jaspal’s uncle is right and Friedrich will have to return the car to Jaspal’s estate because the car was given to Friedrich only by Jaspal as a gratuity or a gift on the very night that Jaspal thought he would die. He had not mentioned to Friedrich that he could keep the car if he survived and died later.

Hence the objections and outcry from New York residents against the policy. One of the main reasons that there is a clamor to end this policy is the fact that it has not served to prevent nor deter crimes from happening. According to verifiable reports, the New York State Attorney General office “.

However, windows are open for you to change or cancel the will before your death and any kind of condition you can apply there. You know the cost of making will isn't expensive (single will- 80 excluding VAT, joint will- 125 excluding VAT) (Money Minder, 2005).

The topic statement must be viewed and analysed within the context it was made. Unless a deliberate attempt is to be made by society, acting through the agency of the law, to equate the sphere of crime with that of sin, there must remain a realm of private morality and immorality which is, in brief and crude terms, not the law’s business.

In the words of a realist, International politics is a world free from all legal ad moral restraints, where the powerful, and the not so-powerful states possess the freedom to act in instinct, at their own leisure and liberty, and ultimately to use force with impunity (Dino Kritsiotis, Introduction, The power of law as international language).

As a result, Jews are said to look down upon everyone, and look upon themselves as superior. The Jews perform abnormal, dangerous, and even murderous religious conventions. The Jews are an odious congregation, doomed to eternal anguish because their ancestors crucified Jesus Christ.

Thus, the freedom of movement or "four freedoms" granted to workers or economically active persons. The treaty of Maastricht encompasses the concept of European citizenship establishing the European Community Articles 17- 22 and 255. It is an evolution of the European integration move on creating an ever closer Union among the peoples of Europe with the objective of strengthening the protection of the rights and interests of the nationals of its Member States through the introduction of a citizenship of the Union.

It does not matter by what name he is called. If he performs the functions of a director, he would be termed a director in the eyes of the law even though he may be named differently. A director, may, therefore, be defined as a person having control over the direction, conduct, management or superintendence of the affairs of a company.

“Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do.” per Alderson B, Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks Co (1856)

If the legal rules did not provide a solution to the problems, it was possible to petition the Crown. The origins of jurisdiction have brought in the principles of equity that could now be applied to every civil court in the land. According to some judicial interpretations, trusts are one of the greatest inventions of equity so such definitions would not make any fundamental distinction between trusts and equity and would consider trust as a branch of equity.

Each agency differs from the rest to some extent. NIU Police start at about $24.46 per hour and receive civil service benefits along with a collective bargaining agreement. The DeKalb City Police make about $33,000 per year on average which is 26% less than the national average. The DeKalb County Sherriff’s Deputies start at about $33,492 per year.

"Recent cases in which DNA evidence has been used to exonerate individuals convicted primarily on the basis of eyewitness testimony have shown us that eyewitness evidence is not infallible. Even the most honest and objective people can make mistakes in recalling and interpreting a witnessed event; it is the nature of human memory" Travis (1999).

The three most common types of bankruptcy are Chapter 7, Chapter 13, and Chapter 11. A chapter 7 bankruptcy is performed when a debtor's assets are compiled and liquidated to pay creditors in order of priority. After the assets are divided among the creditors, the creditors have no future right to collect the debtors' earnings because all debts are discharged.

It should be noted that most of the provisions of the act applies to publicly listed companies. With the enactment of this law new duties and penalties are imposed for non-compliance of concerned entities which includes public companies and their executives, directors, auditors, attorneys and securities analysts ("Executive Summary of The Sarbanes-Oxley Act Of 2002 P.L.107-204," n.d.).

In this case the repudiation of sub contract, the stopping of work by the contractor and termination of the contract by the employer were mentioned. Having a overall view of the situation, it seems that M is liable to E. Various laws regarding the contract and termination must be discussed before deciding the liability.

The definitions and explanations of the various topics in the act will make the law reasonable and reliable to execute. The drafted law will be kept in the parliament for debate. This debate will expose various vulnerabilities and defects in the law and the administration will correct it according to the response of the people's representatives.

Here Seamus had mortgaged Ginger's property. This mortgage can be set aside or the terms modified because here is evidence of undue influence or misrepresentation. A borrower can be pressurized by the lender in such a way that the transaction that he enters is not from his own free will, for example the terms may be particularly favourable to the lender because the borrower is so desperate for money that he is willing to accept very unfavorable terms.

In resolution of disputes, the issue of consenting minds between two parties will have to be decided by English judges based on the principle of reasonableness. Contracts are a common legal form of interaction in business, social and personal fields. Being a human interaction there is a certain element of moral subjectivity in every legal contract.

During the war, being unfit for active service, he worked in MI5. During this time his interests returned to philosophy and in 1945 he was appointed philosophy tutor at New College. He was strongly influenced by the linguistic philosophy then current in Oxford, but employed its techniques more constructively than did most members of the movement.

The most crucial factor of a moral dilemma is therefore that the agent is required to carry out each of the two actions, the agent can carry out each of the actions, and the agent cannot perform both the actions. Therefore, the agent seems to be condemned to moral failure, no matter what he may do eventually, whatever he does, he would have failed to do something else right, or at the very least, fail at something that he ought to do.

In a world in which advances in forensic science have led to increased specialization and a growth in the expertise needed within those specialties, the expert witness seems to be here to stay. The justice system cannot get rid of expert witnesses altogether, but the system by which someone "becomes an expert", as well as the admissibility of experts to trials and the manner in which their evidence is evaluated can be improved.

The laws have undergone shifts many times, perhaps owing to the fact that international commerce has itself undergone so many developments. Indeed, "each statement of a rule of law is a generalization drawn from this seething, pulsating background of life." (Corbin 1937, p449)

Some environmental legislation is designed to regulate the nature and quantity of negative impacts of human activities. Meanwhile, the essence of this essay is primarily focusing on the Subsidiary Policy of the EU, as a means of Implementing Environmental Policy.

Local customary law was the most common form of law in England before the Norman Conquest in 1066. Local communities would congregate to form assemblies, also know as moots, where they would create laws based on common customary views. At the beginning of the thirteenth century, the concept of common law began to emerge.

Every company has a body of persons who will manage the affairs of the company such body of persons who are vested with the powers and responsibilities of managing the affairs of the company are called the directors. The appointment, remuneration, and responsibilities are regulated by the Company's Act, more specifically by table A of the act.

(Security Industry Authority website) There is an increasing awareness on the significance and scope of the responsibilities of a CPO. The SIA also recognizes the need for a structured training programme to ensure that the CPOs are effective in their job.

The first scenario will tackle the modes by which a contract can be considered as frustrated and thus will validly free a party from performing its obligations. In the second scenario, the research will dwell extensively on the validity of exclusion clauses that allow a party to escape fully or partially from liability on a contract.

This is best explained in the following case of, Donoghue v Stevenson, 1932: whereby, a man bought a bottle of ginger-beer from a retail shop for his girlfriend. The manufacturer had bottled the substance in opaque bottle, so that its contents could not be seen.

This paper will define what is meant by identity theft, describe the different types and the consequences of identity theft, and then describe how best to respond to identity theft. As a preliminary matter, identity theft is defined by federal statute. The Identity Theft Act defines identity theft.

Solicitors are responsible for proper preparation and execution of the will and in case of legal disputes should be able to guide the clients with the legally available options for better advice to clients. The cases discussed here relate to the draftsman's duties and responsibilities as in case of severing agreements in mutual wills or showing legal loopholes in family succession of business1.

Through the application of this reflective report, I hope to provide a through yet concise overview of the Old Bailey Courthouse, explore the history of this imposing structure and explain the role and function of the court within the criminal justice system.

How far can the innovations be protected from being illegally copied? The justification on part of the innovator from stopping its innovations or products from being replicated in some other form needs to be debated both on ethical and moral grounds. This argument is particularly common and debated in the pharmaceutical sector. 

In general, judicial review is the power of the courts or of judicial bodies under the judiciary department to resolve issues that bear on the interpretation or construction of laws, including the constitution, the fundamental law of any sovereignty. In United Kingdom jurisprudence, judicial review is a process whereby courts or judicial bodies supervise the exercise of a public power.

Lastly the paper shall analyze what sociological or criminological theories adequately explain these trends. Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals vis-'-vis society. To know more about crimes they have to be measured and recorded. Measuring crime and Criminal Behavior is one of the most important functions of criminology.

To date, the Court is flooded with cases too numerous for normal load, some of which were said to take up to five years before being heard and there is much backlog. 3 For example, according to the Human Rights Information Bulletin, 4 between November 1, 2003 and February 29, 2004 the Court dealt with 7315 cases, of which 6255 were declared inadmissible.5

According to Hughes and Edwards (2002, pp. 12-15), the involvement of the community in such efforts has become increasingly important with the development of research highlighting the importance of social systems and support in mitigating crime. Thus, Manchester's CDRP will be able to streamline not only government and public resources but also create social significance in the addressing criminality and disorder.

An offer could be made to a specific person, or to the world at large. In the latter case, it could be accepted by anybody and the fact that the performance of contract is carried out is enough ground for notice of acceptance and no other special notice is required.

Scope of employment defines the working areas of employee and employer. "Employment law is the body of laws, administrative rulings, and precedents which addresses the legal rights of, and restrictions on, workers and their organizations. As such, it mediates many aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees.

In addition to saving lives, protecting buildings, and saving a community's critical infrastructure, the emergency manager needs to mitigate the risk that a natural disaster poses to the culture of an area. This can include the protection of historic sites, art and artefacts, and items of historic or cultural value.

A number of state, territory and federal agencies also administer a wide variety of legislation related to white-collar crime. The police is responsible for the criminal law. The sheriff and bailiffs in each state and territory are responsible for the enforcement of the judgments of the courts exercising civil law (common law) jurisdictions.

Congress enacted Section 40703 of VAWA to give battered immigrants some control over their status. See H.R. REP. NO. 103-395, 103rd Cong., 1st Sess. 25 (1993). The term VAWA refers to a series of statutes, first enacted in 1994, which encompassed a number of amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act ("INA").

The author states that twenty nine states accepted its Articles of Agreement in the expectations of avoiding a reappearance of the economic procedures that donated to the United States Great Depression in the 1930's. Other objectives of the IMF comprise the endorsement of international monetary cooperation and the development of worldwide trade.

This paper will begin with the statement that one of the distinct fields to emerge in the aftermath of the Second World War is the international human rights law. Though there is a substantial body of norms of international human rights law, the mechanism to enforce it universally has remained weak.

Laws are essentially made to control the behaviour of the people. If we see this practically, laws are meant to check the evil side of the human mind, which forces people to commit negative things harmful for any society and/or country. It means that the principles and guidelines of the law which have been set forth in a society are essentially meant to control the behavior, attitude and professional practice of judges.