Finance & Accounting Essays

I have always been interested in changes in the business world, and have been struggling to attain a better understanding of today’s competitive financial market. I know that I have the instinct and enthusiasm that is needed for building a career in accounting and finance. This becomes one of the major reasons why I am applying for a master's degree in accounting and finance.

The president of the USA signed it on 23 March 2010. Its full effect will start on January 1, 2014, when the provisions are given to all people; young, those employed, old and employers will take the course (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2010). ACA is a health reform, which was enacted with the aim of improving health service quality by lowering the cost of public care.

In the event of changing the rule used in manipulating the accounting numbers, the users are able to renegotiate earlier contacts at no cost. These instances illustrate the change in policy as costless contracting which cannot have an influence on the cash flows. The presence of other factors switches bears an impact on the cash flow.  

The main source of revenue for these colleges as Townsley (2009) says is tuition fee charged on the students and therefore the more students enrol, the more the college will get revenues. As a result, the main issue here was to increase students’ enrolment.

The first defendant accepted the second defendant's bid and entered a sale contract. The invitation to bid constituted an offer to be bound by the highest bid. This offer was unilateral in that it requested the performance of an act, submitting the highest bid, and the performance of this act constituted the acceptance of that offer

To make the most of the required developments and modifications, it is significant to ensure that changes are carried out to the approved standards set by the local authority policies and regulations. Most changes require prior approval from the local council in the form of warrants, permissions and sometimes even consent.

Utilizing behavior modeling as described by Mathis and Jackson (1991) and having senior baristas conduct some of the training, the new baristas were able to observe another person carrying out the tasks in a very effective manner. The senior baristas have learned many things through experience that cannot be captured in a manual.

The current expenses show that 14,482 units must be produced and sales worth £ 74,409.84 must be generated to break even. Profits would only be earned with sales worth £162,750 which would bring a retained profit of £25,734. It is expected that Sandlicious will produce 17,668 units for the first year of business to produce some profits.

Though in most cases in modern literature, the male characters as the representatives of patriarchy are to undergo severe criticisms, often they are too naïve to be overburdened with the insults and bullies of the female authors. The authors form a bond of affinity with the existing metanarrative without questioning the justifiability of their stance.

Menopausal women tend to gain weight until their mid-60s, especially when their intake of calcium is inadequate. The effect was predominant in women whose total calcium intakes were lower than 1200 mg per day. Weight gain is significantly related to increases in blood pressure and total blood cholesterol.

Integrity among finance and accounting professionals is essential to the success of any industry. Nowhere is effective management of ethical behavior of greater consequence than in the banking and insurance industries. Finance and accounting professionals were in recent litigation because their working relationship allowed them to share information.

To reduce or eliminate compressive stresses in drilling pipes, a very heavy component called a drill collar is screwed onto the bottom of the drill pipe assembly just above the bit. It provides the necessary weight and prevents the buckling of drill pipes above them. Also, drill collars concentrate the weight on the rotating bit.

Male and female entrepreneurs view and solve their respectdifferentlydifferent way. Female entrepreneurs gain their experiences through conversation and sittings with their social contacts, friends, and business partners whereas male entrepreneurs learn and move every bit through facing a lot of setbacks and hassles by themselves.

Gravitational equilibrium makes the Sun hot and dense in its core because as the depth increases the pressure increases which will make the gas to be hot and dense enough to cause nuclear fusion at its core. In the Sun’s core, the weight of the layers above is very large so that the pressure needed to balance it is also large.

The industry is a primary dispenser of surgical and medical supplies and takes about 200,000 products from 1,200 producers. Products distributed by Owens & Minor contain surgical dressings, intravenous and endoscope products, syringes, needles, sterile procedure trays, gowns, sutures and gloves. Owens & Minor consumers are chiefly health systems.

Even though the economy of Spain is in very high debt, the economies of England and other European countries are no different. Considering the turbulence a big financial institution like Chase must keep making changes consistently to ensure their survival in the business and to ensure that their profits keep multiplying.  

For hundreds of years, the economic crisis has been described on the financial landscape. They often appear without any warnings. A financial crisis has often been deciphered as an era of suffering that is critical enough to cause an immense change in most or all areas of this sector. The impact of the financial crisis has been witnessed to affect the world economies to a large extent threatening their growth prospects.

A company can borrow from a bank or offer stocks and bonds in the open market. It can spend or invest the cash in current or future projects that will increase the worth of the firm and maximize the wealth of its owners. The process of deciding which projects to invest in and which not to is called Capital Budgeting (Brigham & Ehrhardt, 2010).

LOLR is a crisis management strategy financed by the central bank’s money. One case that relates to central banks’ role as lender of last resort is in the manner that the recent financial crisis was dealt with by many nations. The recent financial crisis started in mid 2007 and ended in 2008.

Analyzing the strategies and financial condition of the company and comparing it with the competitors, the researcher can recommend that the investor should invest in the company, whether he has already invested in the company or not. The stock price is likely to rise and the company is likely to perform well in its business for the long-term period.

The raison d’être of financial reporting is to reflect the performance of a venture, which involves risks and returns. The main objective of a typical business is to earn a profit. Financial statements that zero in on net income are in sync with the target because net income is a measure of how well a business achieved its goals.

Different companies adopt distinct hedging strategies to offset their different future risks. This paper will examine the different hedging strategies employed by two companies; General Motors and JP Morgan, describing the effectiveness of both hedging strategies.

With time, the long-term assets of a company become obsolete while some lose value due to wear and tear effects. These factors will reduce the production capacity of the asset as compared to when it was still new. Therefore, for the company to take care of these decreases, it has to calculate the depreciation value of the asset.

The external and internal shareholders, their role, and their view of such a situation would be considered. The auditors of the firm and the shareholder’s association’s viewpoint regarding governance problems at RBS would be discussed. A detailed analysis of the viewpoints of different stakeholders of the company would be included.

He began his career as a self-publisher but later he was published by the Hachette Book Group of USA. His writings have been often been criticized as he focused more on anecdotes. He responded to the criticisms on the ground that his writings are more of a motivational tool. He put forward the view that his books are supposed to be interesting and include much more technical stuff.

Housing Department at Murray State University (Student Name) (Student ID Number) (Unit Code) (Unit Name) 26/11/2012 Budget Proposal 2012-2013 By: Murray state university housing department Murray state university is a friendly and hospitable public university located in the city of Murray, Kentucky.

The information related to the Barclay’s Bank in LIBOR rate fixing scandal has led to the drawing attention to the ethical issues resulting in the breach of the ethical issues related to the financial institution over the last five years. Thus the corporate ethical breach has increased in the recent times due to the increase in the loopholes of the company’s ethics (International Risk, Crisis & Business Continuity management, 2011, p.1).

The nutritional, personal healthcare and well-being industry are one of the largest industries in the world. The industry has the unique quality of having a target market of the entire global population of 7.05 billion people (Census, 2012). Unilever is a company that has achieved great success in the industry with a market penetration of 28.36% or two billion customers.

This essay, Evaluate Sainsbury plc's Financial Strategy, stresses that the financial statements of Sainsbury Plc persuade the loan companies to eagerly approve the Sainsbury Plc loan requests. The same financial statements easily encourage the current and future stock investors to put more funds into the Sainsbury Plc coffers.

The directors have to rely on people and thus create an organizational structure that allows the decentralization of management responsibilities. According to Hoskin & Macve, management invented modern business. Early forms of management accounting integrated both decision-making and analysis, going beyond financial and operational performance data.

David Hume defines knowledge as that which occurs from experience and skepticism (Schmitt, 1992). According to philosophers, knowledge can be acquired through various sources. These include empirical knowledge which implies exposure, observation of concepts, or maybe genetically programmed within individuals.

Firms invest in capital projects to expand production to meet anticipated demand or to modernize production equipment to reduce costs (Emery et al., 2007). Capital investment can also be made for many noneconomic reasons, such as installing pollution control equipment, converting to a human resources database to meet some government regulations, or satisfying non-market public demands.

The IRR is the rate at which the project makes neither a profit nor a loss. The IRR is considered to be one of two superior methods of evaluating projects. Based on the calculations of the NPV - at discount factors of 21 and 26%, it s clear that the IRR is less than 21%. Using a discounted factor of 20.2% indicates that the IRR is just below 20.2%.

As for Jonny, he should go invest in the money-purchase pension scheme since he is old enough to do that. An investment can thereby be seen as a better way of retirement benefit as one is able to achieve or attain his goals even after working. Investment at a young age enables one to be able to invest fully and be able to gain as compared to those who have not been investing.

The business will utilize technology effectively in its operations and so enable consumers to view and purchase the products from the comfort of their homes. It is however expected that the entry of Mini’s Bakery into the area will definitely attract similar businesses and subsequently increase the level of competition.

The costs incurred in sustaining her good social amenities are directly attributed to her high literacy levels, high employment levels, and an enterprising population. Many countries in the world use the conditions in the United Kingdom such as her health facilities, banks, airports, and harbors for their needs since they are of high standards.

When variable costing is used, one needs to divide the total amount of manufacturing overhead into its variable and fixed parts by using a High-Low method. Variable costs change in total in direct proportion to changes in the level of output (or the level of the cost driver such as direct labor hours) but on a per unit basis, they remain constant.

USD 5,423 Ans-5) = 1.800 – 1.7800 = 0.02 = 0.02 * 90/365 = 4.4% on discount Ans-6) (d). Translation Risk can be avoided by matching the currency of an asset with the currency of an equivalent liability Ans-7) (c). Netting reduces currency conversion costs within the Group Ans-8) (b).

Identifying the cost accounting system of the organisation, the study will further attempt to discuss the advantages of activity-based cost systems. Correspondingly, the study will also intend to discuss on the sales forecast of company sales along with discussing upon the environment change influences on budgetary planning and forecasting methods in Alcoa.

In the process of internationalization, players in the banking industry have resulted to integrating through cross-border mergers and acquisition in order to internationalize exposing themselves to macro-economic risks. The main forms of strategies employed by banks seeking international expansion include Joint venture, Cross-border banking, connected banks and offshore banking.

The Caspian Sea region has the potential to export oil and natural gas to Europe, South Asia, and East Asia. With rising gas and oil prices and growing worldwide demand for oil and natural gas, Caspian region countries including Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Iran are developing several measures for improving exports of oil and natural gas.

Inflation entails an increase in the prices of basic commodities within a specified period of time.Growth rates indicate the size of the economy as a result government strategies such as creation of employment, increasing the level of investment, maintaining minimum wage, reducing interest rates and creating competition among other policies.

The internal rate of return tool enhances the decision-making process. Internal Rate of Return Concept The internal rate of return (IRR) is one of the popular tools used in managements’ decision-making activities (Moyer, 2009). The tool shows the real economic return of a project or investment alternative. 

Actually, fundamental analysis is instrumental in influencing decisions of stakeholders like investors, suppliers and shareholders. It is through fundamental analysis that people outside the company can appraise the current worth of an organization, and predicts expected financial performance based on past trends.

Today the practice of managerial accounting is extensively used to assess employee turnover rate, customer loyalty, and changing customer behaviour. In the context of the increasing complexity of demands, management accounting can be a better tool for organisations to understand the social, political, and psychological sides of business operations.

After judging these fine details, it is advisable to evaluate the business environment of the country in which the organization is planning to operate. The various variables that need to be scanned are social, economic, demographic, governmental, technological, and cultural. Organizations can choose to conduct environmental scanning.

The paper tells that the software the company sells can be used to optimize the utilization of information in order to derive great value and meaning from internal data. The vision of the company is to dramatically change the way in which we interact with information and computers, ensuring that computers map to our world, rather than the other way around.

The report will cover the following: the scope & core rules of income tax and corporation tax; direct taxes v indirect taxes; revenue generated by direct & indirect taxes; tax revenues & UK government expenditure; progressivity of income tax & corporation tax in the UK; responsibility of notification of income and payment of tax.

This research is being carried out to discuss the 4 stages of the audit and the major activities performed by the auditor in each phase; give an example of how each of these specifically applies to the Smackey Dog Food, Inc audit; examine the apparent internal control weaknesses and possible negative outcome of each.

This doctrine is based on equity principles, and refers to contracts which include such clauses that “no reasonable person would make them and no fair and honest person would accept them."1 The unconscionable clauses are highly unfair to one party of the contract, while being very much in favor of the other.