Finance & Accounting Essays

Accounting as a field in finance has come a long way. Along that long road, there have been various developments that have been directed toward the refinement and alignment of the various types of concepts. The most notable development may be the development and widespread use of double-entry bookkeeping. 

This variance from an organization’s budget is what directs attention to an important aspect of the budgetary process, the control process.  There is a need for accountants to explore all variances as a practice of “management by exception”. In the management of public resources, it is important to adopt a control model that aids the process of good governance.

The company operates and has airport hubs in Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Charlotte International Airport, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Philadelphia International Airport. The US Airways is a member of Star Alliance and has over 285 turbo and regional jets.

What Al Wafa General Construction and Maintenance Company is a start-up company, which is into business for the past three years. However, due to escalating performance and development of the company the size of work force increased to more than 200. These are those employees who work under the company payroll.

The report elaborates the arguments for or against the decision to include the fair value concept in financial reporting. The fair value system has all together improved the information to the individual users of the economy. IFRS is a private sector organization that is working in the interest of the public. 

The companies selected for the purpose of research are Apple Incorporation from the Information Technology sector, Pfizer Incorporation from the pharmaceutical sector, Citigroup Incorporation from the Banking sector, Chicago Bridge & Iron from the Infrastructural sector, and General Motors from the automotive sector.

But the degree or extent of under-pricing varies from country to country and further from sector to sector. It is defined as the phenomenon when the offer price of a new issue is lower than the price of the first trade. It is a difference in close price on the date of listing and the offer price of the issue expressed as a percentage of the offer price of the issue.

The author states that in June 2002, the EU has adopted a regulation to prepare their financial statements in agreement with IFRS or IAS which is required to be followed by all listed European Union companies in the regulated markets. Companies are open to select their national reporting standards and follow Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.

In most organizations that have the best of technology and the most efficient systems in place, managers often fail to achieve their planned targets primarily because they are naive on the behavioural management aspect of their job role.

The effects of the 2008 financial crisis have been global and the gulf region that includes Kuwait, Bahrain, UAE, Oman and Qatar has a fair share of their investment program disruption. It is important to note that USD 1400 billion investments is already in pipeline between 2009 and 2015 in the GCC countries that include Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, UAE.

The paper operates mainly based on research questions which can be stated as follows: Is the rules and regulation are sufficient to minimize the risk of fraud? What the consequence of fraudulent activities to the organizations? How each read flag can be corrected and describe who and what is involved? What are internal controls to prevent these red flags from reoccurring in the future?

It also takes into consideration the problems that are likely to be encountered. Budgeting communicates ideas and plans (BPP 1998) so as to ensure that each employee that is affected by the plan is aware of his or her role in helping the organisation to achieve its goals.

This offense is important because these mob group activities kept other companies from competing in Galante's area without paying him and drove up prices for customers (FBI, 2008). His offenses fell under the Racketeer Influence and Corrupt Organization, or RICO, statute (18 U.S.C 1961-1967) due to his committing extortion and bribery, violated the Internal Revenue Code, and even could fall under the Hobbs Act (FBI, 2008; Abadinsky, 2010, pp 363-368).

The board of directors is a group of individuals who are responsible for running an organization. They work closely with the managerial staff in order to create a strategic plan for a company. Due to their position the members of the board of directors are entrusted with information that can change the future of a company.

One Up On Wall Street by Peter Lynch and co-authored by John Rothchild is an account of stock investors. He was the Fund Manager of ‘Fidelity Magellan Fund’. Though, Lynch’s journey to success started from humble beginnings. After the death of his father due to cancer Lynch took up caddying in private golf clubs in the Boston area.

The company specializes in alarm system and burglar alarm to clients. There are safety concerns for many people in United Kingdom due to increase in criminal activities.

The Bengals stated that if they were not given a new stadium they would relocate. The city negotiated a very bad deal with the Bengals in which they assumed practically all the costs to build a new stadium. They also gave the Bengals a preferable lease agreement. The initial estimated cost of both projects was $540 million. The Bengals project was wrongly estimated.

Mergers and acquisitions have become a new strategy for organizations in the present competitive world to have a firm stand in the market. Organizations struggling to make a mark in the market often take the help of other large organizations to revive their current situations.  On the other hand, the company is in a strong position achieve its expansion policies through such strategic measures.

Ratios analysis is a set of techniques used to assess the financial ratios of a firm pertaining to liquidity, debt, and profitability (Gibson 1982).  The analysis focuses on the interpretation of indicators or tools or financial ratios through which an analyst can evaluate the investment worthiness of a firm (Gibson 1982). 

The private sector on the other hand operates with the main aim of maximizing the return of the shareholders . Because of the differences in the reporting nature and the objectives of accounting reporting, government accounts failed to reveal the high level; of bankruptcy as was observed by the private sector.

The best thing about this option is that for a newcomer to know the basic culture of the stock market and its inclination. (Becket, 2002). It goes without saying for a person to learn how to drive a car, he at first drives with an experienced driver sitting by his side, in case he makes a mistake the instructor can tell him the right way to drive.

The product portfolio of the company entails pharmacies, pet centers, apparel, electronics, toys, home goods, fine jewelry, outdoor living products, automotive products, home fashion, and furnishings, high-quality perishables like fresh organic produce and seafood, general merchandise, and natural food and organic sections.

It has been observed that globalization has evolved into different stages. Earlier the companies used to focus mainly on the domestic market. If we talk about the companies in the Gulf region, the focus is mainly on the oil and gas industry. Since the Gulf countries had monopoly control over this important resource, they even controlled the prices of oil and gas in the global market. 

As this investment would be required in some future time, therefore the future value of the investment will be calculated. Future value shows the future worth of the money invested today after some specific period of time (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan, 2009).

The author states that financial institutions are very essential in accelerating developments. For developments to be achieved, people have to invest and for people to invest they must save. People therefore can only safe if there are places to save and can invest if there are financial institutions to lend them money to invest. 

That is done by selling the company products at a profit and that is the core business. That means that such businesses have to keep their costs as low as possible and that will help them in the increment of their profits. Such companies are usually driven by profits.

Tesco plc is one of the largest retailers across the globe having more than 2300 supermarkets and convenience stores. Tesco launched its e-commerce business in the year 2000. In the year company added a new clothing brand to its UK stores. The revenues surged up to 6% which is the highest increase in the last five years which was due to the acquisition of Homeplus in South Korea.

Accounting and Finance Table of Contents 1)Introduction 3 2)Divisions of Healthy Start 3 2.a) Health System Division 3 2.b) Educational System Division 3 2.c) Economic System Division 4 2.d) Community System Division 4 3)Products and Services of Healthy Start 4 4) Critical Analysis 4 4.a) Setting the Strategy 4 4.b) Diversification Strategy 5 4.c) Reasons for Pursuing Diversification 5 4.d) Value Chain 5 4.e) Bases of Competitive Strategy 6 4.g) Weapons for Competing 6 4.h) Porters Five Forces Analysis 6 4.i) New Bonus Scheme 7 4.j) Estimation of Net Profit 7 4.k) Calculation of net profit 8 4.l) Calculation of Return on Investment 8 4.m) Result 9 5)Summary 9 References 10 1) Introduction Hea

In the literature, financial analysis has been characterized as ‘an information processing system used to provide relevant information for decision making’ (Belkaoui 1998, p.1). Particular reference is also made to financial statements ‘as the key source of information used in the financial analysis process’ (Belkaoui 1998, p.1).

As a small growing construction company, Matero PLC requires a keen observation of the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IIR). From the calculations, it will be possible to assess whether the company can finance its operations entirely from equity or it will be necessary to access some capital from borrowing that will have to be repaid.

The assets are not to be sold for making a profit but those assets should be retained in the business. Capex on a financial statement is important as the investors are interested in the amount of capital improvement that he experiences. Abnormally increased values signal that the investor should also be cautious.

ABC Company Latisha Barker Carolyn Woods ACC 206: Principles of Accounting II Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 I.Overall Risk Profile 3 II.Current Cash Flow of the company 4 III.Cost of the Product 6 IV.Potential Investments 7 V.Conclusion 8 References 9 Introduction Risk profile is the representation of a company’s overall exposure to some specific risks or group of risks at a given point of time.

After the great depression, the recent global financial crisis that erupted in 2007 was an event that sabotaged the entire world’s financial system. The major effect of the global financial crisis was observed in the USA and Europe. The financial institutions’ credibility also faced serious shocks. Financial institutions identified certain factors.

The company wants to increase its online as well as customer base. In this regard, the company tested the ‘Refer a Friendogram in which the existing customer would get a number of twenty-five dollars ($ 25) if the existing customer would refer a new customer to purchase items from the website of the Runway Discount Company.

The following theories inform this literature on organisation’s voluntary disclosure and the value of information to an organisation. With these theories in mind the Starbucks tax evasion crisis of 2012 will be analyzed. The Systems Oriented theory provides a very useful insight into human behaviour and the perceived role of firms in the society in which they operate.

It is a highly contested issue as to whether the rotation of auditors actually maintains the ability to improve auditing quality. There are those that argue that long-term relationships (auditor tenure) build more knowledge about the firm and its accounting procedures which, in turn, translates into more effective auditing practice and skills.

There I was educated very well and I learned how to take care of myself and get along well with other people. This experience helped me become an independent person. I studied at the University of Shandong for two years before I came to England. I attended the University of Keele (level 2). I’m doing a dual bachelor’s degree in accounting and management.

It describes different strategies Lloyds takes in order to accomplish the organisational objectives. The balanced scorecard provides a reasonable view of organisational performance. In Lloyds, BSC has assisted to disclose the major performance activities.

ool” from the Bengali iskul (wikipedia.org) Yiddish - English “bagel” from the Yiddish beygl (wikipedia.org) Dutch - English “mannequin” from the Dutch manneken (wikipedia.org) Arabic - English “candy” from the Arabic qandi (wikipedia.org) Chinese - English “chi” from the Mandarin Chinese qi (wikipedia.org) Japanese - English “go” from the Japanese igo (wikipedia.org) Russian - English “mir” from the Russian mir (wikipedia.org) 1 Part 2: Pussycat Dolls’ “Stickwitu” (yahoo.com) 1.

Strategic Management Accounting, on the other hand, can be distinguished from other management accounting activities through its extensive external orientation, this extensive external orientation includes a focus on customers, competitors, suppliers, and all other stakeholders that get affected by the organization’s normal course of business.

The first Target store was opened in 1962 although its predecessor department store dates back to the early 1900s (Target, 2011). JC Penney likewise had its beginnings in a small dry goods store in 1902 (JC Penney, 2011). Target operates some 1,750 stores within the United States; JC Penney also operated some 2,000 stores at one time.

Cynics are, however, still not contented with this move. This is since they still find flaws in the fair value method. The main objections against the fair value method are; that fair value is continuously a subjective method and that its use in financial statements of companies is to some extent likely to trigger short-term behavior as regards managers.

These processes result in an increase of complexity in the overall process and also lowered the efficiency of the system. It also resulted in increased operational costs. The SCM and the CRM have enabled to increase the profitability of the firms by increasing the speed and efficiency of the overall process, however, have enabled to lower the operational costs.

They would also want to see income, expense and profit projections as well as a marketing plan. If they are convinced, they lend you capital. Or you could go to a bank to borrow debt repayable over a number of years. This includes interest as well as repayment of the principal.

The funding for the sports has not been confined only to the elite level but has also been at the grass-root. The growth in the sports sponsorship sector has been accompanied by the need for a better understanding with the view to maximizing its potential. Many studies have been conducted since the 1990s at examining trends.

If there is increasing investment in education it also reflects that there will be improved standard of living in the country. LITERATURE REVIEW: Kelly, Marsh, and McNicoll (2002), are of the idea that education is one of the crucial elements for the improvement of the overall economic condition of any country.

To compete against the giants of the industry that are dominating the market, one of the strategies that organizations have come up with is merger and acquisition. A merger is usually defined as a situation when an organization and its assets along with its liabilities are merged with another company’s assets and liabilities. In other words, it can be said as the merging of two or more firms to make one organization.

Between 1931 and 2008, General Motors was the World’s largest and top most car maker. (General Motors, 2012) In 2004, GM made an income of $ 3 billion and then in 2005 it made a loss $ 9 billion. The trend of losses started since 2005. Within three years, it made a loss of $ 51 billion.

The sooner this bond is disposed the better for the investor. This is because as seen in the chat above, the account balance is increasing while the Net Asset value is decreasing. This may eventually culminate in to a situation whereby the investor has many shares which are of less value as compared to when they started trading.

The motive would be to analyze the accounting requirements after the acquisition, and difficulties that arise with reference to the preparation of combined financial statements. The objective would also be to study the IFRS and GAAP guidelines which are applicable in cases such as the one that will be studied.