Finance & Accounting Essays

The study was guided by the theoretical framework defined under the Technology Acceptance Model and the Innovation Diffusion Theory. TAM incorporated perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, intention to use, and usage behaviour (Khosrow-Pour, 2006).

Founded by Congress, the Federal Reserve was created to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary system. The structure of the Federal Reserve itself was designed to give a broad outlook on the economy and economic matters, and bring some stability to a currency.

Sometimes anticipatory buying of the foreign currency drives the market. Anticipation can destabilise Foreign Exchange Markets. This is because the participants tend exchange their national currency more or less depending on the expected exchange rates.

The Modigliani – Miller theorem or proposition is regarded as a key element in the development of today’s corporate finance. The bottom line of the Modigliani and Miller theorem is the proposition of irrelevance which argue that the value of a firm is not affected by the type of financial choices preferred by that firm.

The Solyndra Solar was bailout to promote the alternative energy sources, but faced a stiff competition from the cheap solar panels from China. The Solyndra was one of the investments under the energy loan program in united state and was aimed to introduce essential financing into the green energy sector.

Connectively, revenue of thirty five million pounds was obtained from international production and another seven million pounds from investments (ITV, 2012). However, despite having a positive growth, the company has also been faced with some challenges.

Garmin, Inc. is a US-based company that is involved in three main industries that are auto/mobile, marine, aviation industry and outdoor/ fitness industry. The company’s current position in its existing markets is threatened by the strong competition and the company’s position is worsening particularly related to its automotive business segment.

The model perceives systematic risk as to the only risk which rational investors price because the risk cannot be eradicated by diversification (Sharpe 1964, p.425: Linter 1965, p.13). The CAPM states that a security’s or a portfolio’s expected return is equivalent to the rate on risk-free security added to a risk premium then multiplied by the systematic risk of an asset.

From a broader perspective, Gillan and Starks refer to corporate ethics as a system of rules, factors, and laws affecting a company’s operations. Irrespective of the definition taken up, it is common for researchers to categorize corporate mechanisms into two groups; those that are internal to firms, and those that are external to firms.

When applying the principle for a sampling distribution of the mean, it is possible to find the sample distribution of the means by supposing that if one draws all possible samples of say size n from a given population of say size N, and supposes the mean score for the samples is computed separately, then the sample distribution of the means can be obtained.

This paper will seek to explore real economies, which include the tangibles of jobs, goods, and services, and the intangibles, which include money, interest rates, and the stock market. In order to discuss the link between the financial system and the real economy, the paper will first discuss the structure and role of the financial system and then later the link between the two.

The research delves into tax effects on international business. Some corporations engage in tax reduction schemes in international trading. Evidently, the United State's corporate tax rates materially affect both local and international business transactions. The taxes are used to maintain an environment that is conducive.

Classical firms continue to have significant problems with respect to competition despite the fact that they may be commanding high market share. As a result, such firms need to establish an evaluation and analysis into its performance in order to ascertain whether they can continue to survive or grow within the contemporary business environment. 

The immediate impact will be requirement of alternate or new currencies which will be followed by departing countries to devalue their liabilities and assets. Not to mention the huge quantum of sovereign debt that member countries owe, the magnitude of austerity measures will be enormous (Atrissi and Mezher, 2010, pp.1-5).

His first job in accounting was in Ney York where he worked as a fleet manager for about five to six years. It has now taken him twenty-three years to build his career in this profession. Among the many organizations, he has worked for is Vine Board Education where he held the position of Purchase order Director.

Corporate social responsibility normally referred to as CSR covers the corporate citizenship, corporate conscience, the social performance and business sustainable development. CRS is a corporate self-regulation form that is mostly integrated in the models of most business.

The assessment of financial and operational performance of an organization can be accomplished through the use of ratio analysis. This is achieved by evaluating the relationship of different figures generated from the company’s financial statements. A number of performance indicators are derived from these figures.

The FEE Paper Comparison International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) Code of Ethics that says “An individual’s objectivity must be beyond question when conducting and reporting on a statutory Audit.” This is applicable when auditors themselves act as statutory auditor, or when they are auditing on behalf of an auditing firm.

Chevron perseveres to be one of the leading global energy producers in the world. The present research report prepares a strategic road map pointing out the various issues confronting the company, and the objectives it has set to confront those issues. Apart from setting the objectives, the research report evaluates each objective.

To appraise the financial condition of any organization, financial ratio analysis is one of the most effective and efficient methods. The financial appraisal of TR Limited can be undertaken by calculating the relevant financial ratios of the company and comparing them with the prior year to monitor growth or decline in the ratios.

Cogitel was created by a group of industrialists in the year 1984, from Sfax in Tunisia. This company entered the manufacturing industry three years later. It has expanded its quality control system and production capacity through its continuous growth. AFAQ has assured quality certification to Cogitel after the company’s launch of its first upgrade system.

For instance, the customer response has been tremendous in the years in which the business has existed. The renewal rate of customers has been evidence of the satisfaction level of the clients. Also, the owners of the business highlight that the business has been successful and produces a net income of $50,000 annually with a nominal amount of effort.

The auditors play an important role in the decision-making purposes. They have the responsibility of assessing the authenticity of the financial statements. The financial statements are used by the owners of the organizations for evaluating management stewardship (Okpala, 2012). It is also used by the investors in their decision-making process, related to the purchase or sale of the securities.

A perfect example of an emerging market, Egypt’s economy was injured by the crisis, especially considering that the nation was in the midst of successful reforms since 1991 that had seen GDP grow by 7.2% in the fiscal year 2007/8 (Altintzis 1). The success of the reforms towards a market-oriented economy cannot be understated especially since they were carried out in the midst of structural challenges such as soaring budget deficits and occasional inflations that constrained the quality of labor.

Evidently, Texas is an economic powerhouse in the United States of America as it makes up 8 percent of the total U.S. GDP. The over $200 billion exports in a year, robust and diverse industries together with ­­the favorable tax policy promote its economic growth. Finance is a major factor in the economic development of any entity.

Family limited partnership is used as an efficient strategy of minimizing estate tax since it enables transfer of share across generations more easily and at lower rates of taxation as it would have been with partnership holdings. FLP should not be confused with conventional trust because members actually own shares to the business.

One of the issues commonly discussed in most boardrooms is the need to cut costs. In the current competitive business environment, companies that cannot afford to charge low prices on their products are likely to be excluded from markets. In this regard, cost-cutting allows firms to employ a low pricing strategy and still make profits (Burns, Quinn, Warren & Oliveira, 2013).

TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 2 Assumptions of marginal costing 3 Uses of marginal costing in short term decision making 3 Types of costing methods 4 Marginal costing absorption method 5 Advantages of Marginal Costing over Absorption Costing 6 Recommendation 7 Conclusion 7 Costing is one of the managerial accounting functions which needs a careful selection and evaluation of the effectiveness of every technique used by a firm.

Management of number and the role of International Financial Reporting Standards Many organizations are beleaguered by entropy, carrying the prevailing information of the company’s useful reports. Often, managers as well as senior personnel within an organization may lack skills and knowledge to handle and keep the company data and that why the aspect of managing numbers comes at hand.

In the recent past, the fair value accounting concept has been gaining popularity. The international accounting bodies such as IASB and other international boards prefer fair value accounting to historical cost accounting. The justification for this trend is that a fair accounting system seems to be offering better relevancy and reliability of the information contained in the financial reports.

Options on stocks give their owner the right to purchase or trade shares of a particular stock, at a specified price. It is vital to compare the market price of the stock, with the exercise price of the option (Hull, 1997). Selling a call on the stock offers some limited protection against modest price declines; however one would still incur losses if the prices were to fall by a large amount.

The company has achieved greater success as reported by News Corp for the year 2006 with increase in revenue and net income. However, the newspapers segment has reported negative growth during the period while the circulations of magazines have increased compared to the year 2005 (News Corp, 2006).    

Traffic collision or vehicular accidents increases the number of controllable deaths. On top of the increasing number of unnecessary deaths caused by traffic collision, inattention or disturbances that could affect the driver’s concentration while driving often leads to physical or mental injuries to themselves or other people around them (Johns, 2007).

I am the type of person who does not fear change because I always consider the positive side of it and the countless opportunities that it brings to me. I do not deny the fact that there are moments in which I feel weak and almost break down, but the good thing about me is that I persevere and never stop believing in my self in spite of all the complications and difficulties.

The observations are taken at equal time intervals. If there is a single variable being observed then it is known as a univariate time series. The main speculation behind any time series is that at least some of the patterns observed in the past would continue in the future. The data available is Hughes Travel's monthly travel data collected from 1986 to 2010.

The volatility provides competitive advantage to strategic flexibility to react to changing circumstances and grab new business opportunities. In addition, different ways have been adopted by institutions to interact with authorities and business partners Institutional voids often inhibit the efficiency of markets and increase business risks.

For this expansion setting up new plant is essential for Flight high ventures plc to increase the capacity. The inception of new plant will require initial outlay of ?4m. Along with this, research and development department is taking another project of product development with two options A and B.

This technology emerged in the late 1960s and then the midrange computers were known as minicomputers. Noted midrange computer ranges were produced by IBM, HP, Sun Microsystems, etc. The 1980s have witnessed fierce competition between INM and Digital Equipment in this segment.

The author of this paper looks at the salary scale, with emphasis on the average annual entry-level salary as well as the salaries paid to persons who hold the CPA qualification in the state of Mississippi.  The salary that accountants receive is commensurate with educational qualifications and experience. 

Generally, it is essential to state that while the American economic collapse exposed many of the high-risk and borderline unethical practices of large-scale investment banking and insurance agencies, an even deeper concern was the structural aspects of government that allowed these practices to occur.

These may include products and services like alcohol, pork, tobacco, casinos, interest charging companies, products related to music and movies, pornography etc. S&P Index has launched several indices which incorporate the principles of Shariah in order to attract the Islamic investors so that they can pursue trading within the boundaries of religious perspectives.

Just In Time The above statement was commented by Minoura who was the managing director of Toyota and according to him standardized work is very essential in order to identify the things which go wrong and the reason behind the faults. According to Minoura if one is planning to turn out something in a different way from that of the ongoing standard work that becomes a problem.

Personal debt levels are on the rise in Canada as the current level is at the highest for the last 8 years. These higher levels of debt are considered dangerous for overall society as higher personal debt make households more at risk from external economic shocks. The current average debt level is over $26,000 and is an all-time high during the last 8 years.

Kakadu’s tangible assets are many including different habitats and landforms. These are escarpments, sandstone plateaus, open forests, savannah woodlands, mudflats, mangroves, floodplains, and billabongs. Additionally, there are many mammals and reptiles such as water pythons, saltwater crocodiles, frill-necked lizards, goannas, and snakes.

Chosen market maintains national economic policy and market conditions that will provide A&F with considerable opportunities for revenue growth. Sales are currently declining for Abercrombie and Fitch after nearly a decade of strong brand loyalty and positive consumer sentiment in key profitable markets.

Financial statements are useful to a number of parties who can be subdivided into internal and external parties. Shareholders require information on the company’s profitability. Shareholders are compensated through dividends and share price growth. The more profitable a company, the more will be its potential dividends and share price growth.

In 1961, the president of South Korea, Park Chung Hee, took control of the country’s economy by centralizing all the power and making all the banking and other financial institutions to be directly under the government. This though changed in the 1980s when the government started liberalizing the banks but individuals were not allowed to purchase shares directly from these institutions.

This method is appropriate because the use of the machine for more than 20,000 hours makes it useless and a new machine will have to be purchased. An analysis of whether the new proposal would or would not allow machine hours to be used as the basis for depreciation to the questions for respondents is contained on page 5 of the exposure draft.

The introduction section has provided an overview of the Unit Trust bank as well as the issues under the analysis. The evolution of company profitability section has provided a sharp insight of Returns on Equity (ROE). The Returns on Equity ratio of Unit Trust Company indicates that higher returns were obtained in 2006 and 2008 than in 2011.

In situations where transactions are accounted for outside profits or loss, this standard has offered specific provisions. In case of the transactions that are recognised directly in equity, any associated tax implications are also recognised directly in equity, while those that are recognised in comprehensive income have their associated tax implications recognised in comprehensive income.