Finance & Accounting Essays

The paper aims to identify and report some ratios within the annual report of 2010 for Sainsbury, UK which is a very famous and extensive retail store. The paper also elucidates on the various purposes as to why financial statements and annual reports can be helpful and the reason why organizations choose to publish annual reports and make them public for people.

Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is set in 17th Century Salem, Massachusetts. Miller himself makes ‘A Note of the Historical Accuracy of This Play’ (224) and emphasizes the artistic licence that has been taken in merging many character qualities into one, however Miller links it to reality adding verisimilitude to the play stating “the fate of each character is exactly that of his historical model” (224) and concedes that all these roles actually did occur in history.

The first aspect (cause in fact) can actually happen in two ways, by either being the "but for" or "substantial factor" cause of the harm. The "but for" rule states that if the consequence of the act committed by the accused "would have happened anyway," even if the act had not occurred, the act would not be the cause in fact of the consequence.

The main focus of the essay is the comparison of economic performances of this two economically powerful states. During 2008-2009, economy of UK was the strongest economy in EU in terms of interest rates, unemployment and inflation. The economy of Germany was experiencing growth from 2006 to 2007. However, this trend started dropping in 2008

Introduction Politics and Government in the USA, it seems, are always on a spending spree. Even though we have just emerged from a recession, we seem to be in danger of falling into another. When President Obama won the election just over two years ago, it was first announced that the US was officially in a recession.

Activity Based Costing does not eliminate costs, it is a method that provides a detailed information about the allocation of costs. The main advantage of using ABC is that it assesses costs based on their resource utilization and helps in the identification of high cost items and their reasons (Managers-Net, 2008).

Learning a game of investing and trading in the stock market with real money is an expensive task and sometimes lethal for our financial health. Profit for a trader in a transaction simply means it is a loss for someone else.

The crisis which rocked the financial system was described by many as the most severe downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s (Chang 2010, p. 1). The problems in the United States financial system triggered almost worldwide repercussions and lead to regulatory responses on both national and international levels with calls for greater cooperation among countries to avert another crisis.

The monthly budget for 2012 is illustrated below: Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept. Oct Nov Dec. Income 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 3473 Expenses Taxes 695 695 695 695 695 695 695 695 695 695 695 695 Rent 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 900 Utilities 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Food 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Car loan 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 Student loan 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Gasoline 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 Medical plan 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 Misc.

Each of the sub-systems performs several specific tasks which get integrated to be able to perform the ultimate task. Different components of AIS include People, Procedures, Software, Data, and infrastructure for information technology. This study is all about the requirement of the public company which needs to replace its existing AIS.

The author states that Japan and the United States are contrasts in terms of each country’s economic activity. The United States is a market based economy while Japan is an export based economy. Market based economy is deemed stronger since it is not solely dependent on its exports or imports to stimulate its economic activity.

This distinction has been caused mainly by the factors applicable to domestic or national markets and industries and the factors functional in the international markets and industries. This paper discusses three benefits of international portfolio diversification.

After the announcement of Hubbard’s Inc. 2012 annual report on Feb, 15, 2013 alongside favorable press coverage on the company’s remarkable performance, a boost on stock price was reported, in which, share price went up to $32. This was an equivalent gain of $7 per share, implying that in case Brock’s father decides to sell off his share at this time of the year, he will earn a profit of $7 per share sold.

The 2007/2008 global economic crises made the financial markets respond to the contagion effect. The contagion effect implies that when one sector fails due to some reasons, the impact will also be felt by other sectors. From 2007 to 2012, the markets have been very volatile due to the fluctuations of the stock markets (Beirne et al 2008).

In this case, both the United States Tax Court and the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals determined that you could not exclude from income an early separation payment you received from the United States Navy. You had excluded the payment under section 112 of the IRS as compensation while on active duty in combat zone.

The risks associated with the company have been analyzed based on financial and non-financial factors. In the third part of the project, a brief description has been given of the capital structure theory and its implications on the business. In this portion, the MM approach for the capital structure theory has been described, and the assumptions have been stated and criticized.

It is prudent to control all these factors if a person has to make positive steps towards life (Juan, 2007). This applies to daily life since the management of a business and personal life are closely connected. First, simple accounting is vital in making decisions on investments.

Good communication skills, this is a process of passing a message from one party to another through a given media and immediate feedback is required. Regarding this quality, an employer will be looking for an employee who can communicate effectively and clearly in any medium, for instance, it can be oral, verbal, or written.

Target costing is a tool that is employed to assist in cost reduction in a particular undertaking once the maximum profit is determined hence the firm is capable of managing its costs. Cost reduction means that the profit margin shows positive progress. The essay will focus on how target costing improves profitability of an enterprise once implemented via assistance of expertise that have knowhow on how to handle the tool.

The duration is the technique that provides a parameter to compare the risk of fixed-income securities having different maturities. According to the concept of duration, the longer the maturity of a fixed-income security, the greater will be the amount of volatility present in that security in case of a given change in the yield of that security.

This will entail discussing the assumptions relating to the form of the stochastic discount model as well as how the factor method is related to the acquiring of equilibrium risk premium. In other words, the paper will look at the negative covariance of SDF and excess returns. The paper will also outline the Fama-French factors.

This report will discuss several audit problems which can impact the materiality of financial statements. Wentworth Brewster Limited specializes in the manufacture of sports equipment. All the products are sold to specialist retailers and private member gym clubs. The company owns a large number of freehold premises than it generally requires.

For the past few decades beginning from the 1950s, scholars and academicians from all over the world have carried out empirical studies aimed at testing the market efficiency and the random walk problems in various equity markets all over the world. In their endeavor, these researchers and academicians have used various methods and techniques to test the market efficiencies and have therefore come up with different results.

The essay covers how the investor should invest the above amount, what reasons the investor has for choosing the stocks, and the manner of investment. Also included in this essay is a detailed but precise analysis of the stock. The essay presents an analysis of the company whose stock has been purchased by looking at the historic performance of the company.

After the industrial revolution, a world which was primarily agricultural in nature started to industrialize at a fast pace. The energy required for such fast paced industrialization readily required the increased supply of energy. Wood was the prominent source of fuel which provided power to the factories in the initial stage of industrialization.

Generally, during the development stage of businesses, financing is a major critical success factor. As pertains to the Laundromax case, whose major goal was to revolutionize the laundry industry and seek nationwide recognition, the company would hence have to incur major capital, corporate and development expenditures.

The basic definition for an inventory write-down may refer to the formal recognition by a company that a portion of its inventory no longer has any significant value. In bookkeeping, this concept is supposed to be handled by having it charged in the company’s financial statements when the asset’s carrying value can no longer be justified against its market value as being a fair value.

John should also be aware of the market and economic situation to run the business effectively. It is useless to know everything about your own business when you can’t compare it with the industry. Hence, knowing the economy and market is essential for comparisons and setting benchmarks for your own business to assess performance.

The proposed central bank of the Gulf region can bring a positive impact on the economic progress of the whole region. The member countries have been postponing its launch, based on the fact that the bank must operate a common currency across the whole region.  All these delays can be attributed to differences in political decisions.

There is much evidence of failure in the acquisition of Skype by eBay. The most important evidence is reported from the statement of the CEO of eBay. The CEO and president of eBay Inc then John Donahoe declared that the synergies between Skype and the eBay market place and pay pal are much limited.   

The company is one of the giants in the mobile and communications industry. Apple Inc. has shown considerable stability over the years of financial downturn. The company has held up strongly even in highly volatile markets. Also, the company has an enviable customer base that is extremely loyal to the iOS platform.

With the help of a good leader the group can exceed their expectations and provide wonderful works. Every team member has their own strengths and weaknesses and it is important that we support one another to reach our goals. However, in the beginning trying to release past experiences and biases behind is difficult for a group to do without an accord but as time progresses each member will realize that there are many rewards to be reaped from working together.

Humana can tap into these while offering partnerships with the facilities to assist clients who are trying to overcome disease or that are working on the prevention of specific diseases. Instead of insurance being the main agenda, Humana can work with cutting medical costs while moving into educational and training programs to assist those in hospitals.

The courts will look at the language used in the light of the circumstances in which it is used and into the subsequent actions of both parties to determine whether what is said by the seller is a mere quotation of price or an offer to sell as held in the case of Canadian Dyers Association vs. Burton 47 O.L.R. 259 (H.L).

Understanding Effective and Nominal Interest Rates.Let us understand the difference between actual and nominal interest rate. Supposing your credit card company charges you interest of 2.5% per month

Concerns regarding the stability of the banking sector are often a center point for policy debates. Starting from the time after the World War II till the 1970’s, the world saw a stable period. However, early 21st century started off with a period of banking system instability, linked to the U.S. subprime lending crisis.

The company has a diverse clientele of more than 50 major customers. Morrison is a proud manager of more than 500,000 homes and local authority buildings along with facility services to more than 500 schools. Additional services encompass call centre management and tenant linkage.

These goals are usually set by an organization and are difficult to achieve unless there is synergy between the members of the organization. Many organizations provide human resources with certain tools to make it easy for them to coordinate their activities. Much work and the bulk of the activity in the organization is done through communication.

Different theories and perspectives have been presented in this area of research. This article particularly highlights the development of optimal product mix by utilizing three major approaches such that the utility, strengths, weaknesses and their implications have been mainly analyzed.

It was established in the year 1992 with an operating capital of 90,000 CNY. Keda mainly attempts to offer innovative products to its customers with the purpose of enhancing their level of dependency and consistency as well as to retain its market share among other competitors (Richard Ivey School of Business, “Keda’s SAP Implementation”).

Here we would be discussing the sources of debt and equity financing of General Motors Corporation and develop a strategic growth plan to support the accusation plans. Sources of Debt Financing for GM Corporation The debt financing of General Motors can be evaluated into two parts, short-term debt and long-term debt.

A financial overview of the couple tells me that they are able to live comfortably without having to stay in debt or struggle to meet their needs. Kevin and Alex are not poor, they have well-paying jobs and at least they have tried to invest (which is a good indicator of their willingness to sacrifice and build on what they have.

This essay discusses that fraud is defined as any attempt to deceive another to gain profits. Definition of “earnings management” can be as follows: both legal and illicit actions of the management team, which would finally lead to the destruction of the company's earnings. Moreover, earnings refer to the profits of the company.

The report has been divided into two parts; the first part will estimate the fair price of Royal Dutch Shell and then compare this price with the actual market price of the stock. Stock valuation technique such as dividend growth model and Price to Earnings (P/E) ratio will be used to estimate the price of the stock.

Ethics is defined as the moral values that define right or wrong. It has been said that the ethical standards are to be increased however it has been said by different people that regulations can be increased to increase the ethical standards. George Bush in the year 2002 said that ‘At this moment, America’s highest economic need is higher ethical standards- standards enforced by strict laws’.

Accounting Principles Unit Introduction Accounting- the language of business is the most significant and essential topic of study since the inception of time. It has gained huge importance and admiration in the recent years due to its significance on the businesses.

The use of Bond markets, venture capital, angel investing, asset-backed lending, invoice financing, and supply chain credit are the available alternatives of finance in Coyle’s situation. Management of working capital finance is essential for small businesses, as it forms the basis of their operation. Proper management of working capital prevents the liquidation of most small firms.

A balanced scorecard is a performance measurement tool used in strategic management to discover and develop a variety of internal processes as well as assessing of the impacts of the external factors. In particular, the purpose of this technique is to measure and assist organizations in the implementation of their goals and strategies.

Before filing for bankruptcy in the year 2001, Enron was the largest wholesale marketer related to natural gas as well as electricity in North America. However, after years of international and domestic extension of its business involving many complex deals and contracts, the corporation acquired billions of Dollars in debt.

Therefore, the manager may evaluate the relative weaknesses and strengths of his or her business. This comparison of business ratios to those of other similar businesses will indicate the weaknesses or strengths within a business (Albrecht, 2011).