Finance & Accounting Essays

Accounting Theory Introduction Social and environmental reporting is also known as corporate social responsibility reporting (CSER) (Deegan, 2007). According to UNEP (2002) corporate social responsibility reporting can also be defined as an environmental management strategy applied by companies to communicate with their stakeholders about what the company is doing with regard to sustaining a good environment alongside its operations.

He considered the performance of Google before it rolled out its shares to the public. Bradley and Bradley (2012) observe that the company made a profit of over two hundred thousand dollars in 1999, and one billion dollars in 2003. Bradley and Bradley (2012) further observe that these are very high profits, and therefore the value of the company must be high.

Expansion via acquisition has become one of the leading business expansion strategies worldwide, particularly for large size businesses. It is very true of the latest high trends, as per Reuters, it is forcing disinterested companies to adopt “poison pill”, applied to put on hold undesired takeover -- the shareholder right plan in case an investor buys out more than 10% shares.

The decision-making power and the control of the firm remain with the management, whereas the stockholders are expected to be benefitted from the decision taken by the managers. At a normative level, the managers are expected to align their personal goals with that of the shareholders and aim toward maximizing their values.

With the current economic crisis and audit reporting failures, such as Parmalat and Enron, this issue has gained further significance and has resulted in many governments imposing various modifications in accountability, on both auditors and also financial reports, aimed at curtailing chances of fraud.

Recruitment is a process that entails finding, screening, choosing and hiring the best-suited candidates for job vacancies available in an organization. Fundamentally, the process is conducted on candidates outside the organization but, at strategic levels, the management may involve people already employed in the organization (Alrichs 2000, p. 11).

Effectiveness of the Transmission of Monetary Policies and Lessons Learned in 2007 and 2008 Global Financial Crisis The global financial crisis that occurred between 2007 and 2008 has resulted in various heated discussions among financial analysts regarding the role of monetary policy amidst various central banks in the world (Krugman, 2009).

The global financial crisis rapidly resulted in the failure of world stock markets and subsequently the collapse large financial institutions. Countries with economic insecurity were largely affected since they could not effectively initiate various monetary tools.

The text “The Agency Problem” gives a great example of the agency problem by comparing it to the relationship between our country’s president and its citizens. In this case, the citizens are the principle and the president is the agent because the objectives and policies that the president pursues will ultimately effect the citizens of the country.

The requirements of each profession are usually clearly defined in the laws regulating the relevant sector. In accounting, a similar practice has been used. Accounting profession, like all professions, is based on a series of ethical rules and standards set both by the law and the national organization related to the specific field (Solita and Fajardo 2008, p.2).

The reason why the two companies were chosen for comparison is that they are the market leaders or giants in their respective home regions, whereby they have a diversified range of products, as well as having an intense global expansion. Both companies have substantially expanded beyond their mother countries’ borders are very big brands worldwide (MacLaurin, 2002, p.72).

The country pursues industrial growth and development of its interior. This entails exploiting the extensive natural resources in the country and utilizing the large labor pool. Brazil enjoys the top position as the leading economic power and a regional leader in South America. The country led in the economic recovery efforts in the region.

As a result, it is useful to cultivate many techniques in communication. Communication is highly psychological in nature due to the fact it requires being able to read a person as well as assess the condition in regards to the responses that they respond.

Although racism is not a prevalent as it was several years ago, still it cannot be denied that racism is still very much alive in the United States. A survey conducted shows that racism is still very much present in our society and despite efforts to eradicate racism against Blacks, it cannot be denied that Blacks still feel the effects of racism.  

How to Get More Young People in the UK Involved in Politics? Dear Sir I have been reading your newspaper for quite some time and am highly impressed by the coverage of news and the analysis of current topics which are of interest to our generation. With this letter, I would like to share with the fellow readers of your newspapers my concern about the current stats of affairs of politics in UK and disinterest of youngsters in choosing politics as a profession or involvement.

Events, big or small, are now virtually recorded. It is due to this demand that people now go to professionals to design and execute their events. It is this demand that has led to the springing up of so many companies specializing in Event Conceptualizing and Execution, right from designing the layout of the event venue, to arranging for the decor and meeting any other whim the client might have, to actually ensuring the smooth flow of the event on the D-day, everything can be done for a price.

It is evidently clear from the discussion that there are contracts that could get complicated and pose serious consequences. The chances of this happening are therefore minimized if the parties contracting understand the concept of what they are agreeing to, the rights, the obligations, and how to foresee potential problems.

Urban Nomadism - Tecno Nomadism - Neo Nomadism The technological advancement in this most modern era evidently laid a way for the reincarnation of neo nomadism. This reappearance of nomadic culture is mainly due to the progression of effective communication, information as well as transportation systems across the globe.

The manner in which the company solved the problem was to ask employees what information they needed and to communicate only that information to them (Teerlink and Ozley, 2000:195), so that they could ensure that everyone – managers and employees included – were all working towards one common goal/objective.

ATF operates in a very top-down hierarchy where controls and communications move downward from executive and high-level management to low-level subordinates and mid-tier management. It is very little in terms of autonomous working conditions at the bank, thus there are motivational problems with some of the employee populations and job dissatisfaction.

In essence, dividend yield and PER of value stocks is better than growth stocks because of their high market price which declines dividend yields and worsens the price earnings ratio. Their findings revealed that CAPM model is inadequate in explaining stock prices fluctuations because it is concerned with only one element of risk i-e beta.

Rattan Furniture Division was established four years ago. For the last three years, the company claims to have an annual sales growth rate of 35% and the sales were $60 million last year. The three main product lines they have are a living & dining room, bedroom line and outdoor patio line.

The methodology provides a description about four short term finance sources availed by the businesses. Each one is separately described. Subsequent to that, the liquidity and efficiency ratios of Sainsbury and Tesco have been computed and compared. Four different sources of short term finance Short term finances fulfil the day-to-day operations of business.

Its retail operations are in California, Washington, Oregon, Arizona, and Chicago among other. Safeway also have its operation in Canada. In addition, it has an extensive network of distribution, manufacturing, and processing facilities (Safeway Inc. Annual Report 2011, n.d, p.43).

Innovations are mainly done to achieve the basic objectives of financial systems like facilitating the required payment instruments, increased savings, reduction in costs, etc. Individuals and business concerns now have a wider range of options with respect to different types of borrowing facilities available to them.

Every year, new companies are joining the money markets and in to the private equity business; hence this is making the private equity markets become a lucrative source of income for several people and organizations. Private equity firms look for companies that are facing closure due to financial crisis and then they make buyouts to these companies.

Keeping in pace with the globalization, the company is planning to expand its business to other frontiers. As per the audited financial statement of the company for the financial year 2010, the company employs more than 176,000 and has its operations expanded to more than 41 countries in the world.

Capital Budgeting plays a crucial role in the business decisions of organizations. Generally, organizations make their investment decisions on the basis of the returns expected from those investments (Jaffe & et al, 2004, p. 167). There are a number of methods that are widely used by companies to evaluate their available investment options.

So government policies can make or break an economy, even in the case of an economic crisis like the one in 2008. If the government hadn’t followed the trend of the fiscal stimulus, maybe it wouldn’t have been in the predicament, to begin with or had it supported the agrarian society right from the beginning, it would have supported the economy in times of trouble.

Some of the disasters occur because of human error while others occur due to unpreventable natural catastrophes. Disasters due to human faults caused by inadvertently ignited fires, environmental pollution and outbreak of diseases due to negligence and poor hygiene are often devastating but avoidable.

Fuel hedging is a strategy practiced in the airline industry to stabilize the budget and offset risks involved in changing prices. Fuel hedging can result in benefits and/or downsides relative to the budget of airlines. Fuel hedging does not ensure absolute positive results for all firms and in all circumstances.

Financially, a policy focuses on spending priorities at national or at organizational levels. This essay therefore seeks to discuss how government policy decisions influence financial management which in this context includes both positive and negative effects and also aims to seek to offer remedies where deemed possible (Bonini & Voloshyna, 2013).

Sales price variance = (15.0 – 14.5) ? 2,100 =?1,050.0 (A) W4. Material M3 price variance = (1.55 ?1,050) – 1,680 =?52.5 (A) W5. Material M3 usage variance = ((2,100 ?0.6) – 1,050) ? 1.55 =?325.5 (F) W6. Material M7 price variance = (1.75 ?1,470) – 2,793 = ?

FSAs Role towards the Collapse of Global Financial Services Industry Introduction The collapse of the global financial services industry in 2007 is also known as global financial crisis. By mid 2007, the financial disorder with its rigorous liquidity and credit crunch seemed to detain to financial markets and institutions.

Hallo Money and its impact on the on the accounting workplace Name Institution NAME OF YOUR FIELD OR DISCIPLINE: ACCOUNTING 1. Describe the workplace change issue you chose that will affect (or is just now affecting) the way professionals in your field or discipline do their jobs.

There are two types of dividend payment modes. These are cash dividend and stock dividend. In case of cash dividend the shareholders receive dividend cheque from the companies of which they hold the shares.

Sales are the same for both approaches discussed. The costing side is affected by these two approaches such that the costs are broken up into different methods under the two approaches. For instance, under absorption costing, costs are divided into two main categories which are 1) costs directly attributable to units sold, and 2) costs that are not directly related to the manufacturing process.

Global oil supply however registered a reducing trend towards the end of the year 2012 and stabilized before increasing in the first quarter of 2013 the relationships are consistent with the general elasticity model for price, demand, and supply and this means that demand and supply forces primarily drive the market.

Analyze the data and find out the relationship between share price, dividend policy, and earnings by using multiple regression analysis methods through excel. Share prices are positively influenced by earnings per share and dividends per share while negatively influenced by dividend yield and dividend payout.

Finally, the essay will explore companies that can effectively use the two systems based on the analysis of the differences between the two costing approaches. To begin with, before assigning costs to products and services, it is always necessary to accumulate the costs involved in the operation.

Organization design or organizational structure can be defined as the coordination of both the individual and group work within an organization. Individual work should be managed and coordinated in order to achieve the organizational future objectives and goals. This part of the essay will discuss the organizational design tools of Home Depot.

In order to make a decision on whether to lease or buy, the advantages of leasing or buying must be analyzed. In addition, the disadvantages of leasing and buying can be evaluated. For new companies, short-term leasing and purchase of cars can solve the problem because it will lead to an increase in the company’s assets rather than liabilities.

The accounts receivable for Elite has dropped by $7 million as compared to last. The only reason that could explain the reduction of accounts receivable is the decline in sales figures of the company. It has been identified that the reduction in revenues by 24% led to the decline in accounts receivables by 10.4% in 2003 as compared to 2002.

Financial products have been described as instruments through which, or through the acquisition of which, a person is able to make a financial investment, manage financial risk, and make payments without the use of liquid cash. A person or an institution provides financial services if it deals in financial products, provides advice pertaining to financial products, sells and markets financial products, etc.

Even though the government took steps to tackle the dramatic situation, it could not succeed in heading the bubble off. By the end of 2007, the stock bubble had ‘burst’ - the SSE Composite Index began to see a fall right after October 2007 and, by the middle of 2008, had plunged to a shocking 2651.6 1 - less than half of what the index had been at its peak.

Risk management in the corporate world means identifying potential risks analyze them, monitoring them, and take measures that may reduce or mitigate the risk that a certain project, process, or regular course of business might face. Whenever a project is undertaken, an entity is open to a number of potential risks. These risks may lead to such events that would prevent the project from processing as planned.

The effect of the U.S. Subprime Crisis to the China commercial banks in 2008-2013. The sub-prime mortgage crisis that originated in the United States of America basically started from August 2007 and had transformed the financial markets around the world.

During the analysis of the lessee’s financial position, it is evident that many users tend to want to capitalize operating leases through adjustments made to the reported financial information. The funny bit about such adjustments is that they can be based on the annual expenses of operating leases.

According to the research findings in the midst of the growing global economic crisis, Islamic banking and finance have proved to withstand the crisis because it is here with a good cause that is to solve the credit crisis. The Islamic finance value is estimated to enjoy phenomenal growth, with a global estimated value of approximately 1 trillion.

There have been many problems associated with traders on stocks at the time of real investment or business. Event studies are thought to be influential for abnormal returns. This is the fact that traders often give importance to, as they think that event studies have a partial role in bringing abnormal returns on regular or periodic investments (Getz, 2012).