Finance & Accounting Essays

Capital budgeting technique use to evaluate investment proposal with respect to their feasibility. Techniques like Net Present Value, Internal rate of return and / or Profitability index are applied to analyze from various perspectives with respect to cost and benefit if project undertaken.

The author states that these cases constituted Eagle merchant Bank and Century National Bank and its associated financial units. In addition, Avey’s responsibilities as the Jamaican government expertise witness involved giving forensic examination and audit assistance. He employed professional examination techniques to carry out an investigation.

The author states that capital budgeting technique uses different tools or approaches to assessing the future investment. Among them are; Payback method, Accounting rate of return method, Net present value method, Internal rate of return method. Payback method determines the length of time that takes to recover initial cost of an investment. 

Investors, bankers and regulatory authorities read these reports to obtain information about the company for evaluation and investment purpose. At the minimum, the financial report must have the balance sheets, cash flow statements, profit and loss accounts, accounting policies and declarations, notes and annexures, director’s reports, operating and financial review and other such information necessary to understand the financial health of a company.

In case an accountant, financial manager or any other party involved in the earnings management is noticed in the process of deception, then the reason for fraud occurs. It is possible to correlate a concept of fraud with the following definition of “earnings management”, which stands for financial gains management in a certain company or organization.

The standards are related to the auditors’ independence, integrity and objectivity, general standards for accounting principles, responsibilities to clients and colleagues, and other responsibilities and practices. Inherently, violation of the code of professional conducts leads to the disciplinary measures.

Through using relevant mathematical models and computing methods, risk can be controlled and profits maximized. If this is implemented, then a better investment environment will result and is beneficial for economic growth and increased social welfare. However, in my view, the current financial system is far from perfect because decision making is overly subjective.

Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc is a British multinational company in the hotel industry. It is the largest hotels company globally operating seven brands. It has over 4,500 hotels in over 100 countries. 10 hotels are managed directly, 652 of the hotels are managed by the company while approximately 3,900 hotels are under franchise agreements.

Long or short-term planning processes are core management functions that are extremely important to an enterprise for future survival and business success. Management may prepare a budget for planning to propose as a quantitative plan about management’s beliefs of what business costs and revenues will be over a given future period or a budget for control purposes as a motivational tool.

Current studies also tend to highlight the significant effect of external sways on an individual’s ethical selections, including the way corporations design anticipated results as gains or losses, or the duration available for making choices. When the senior management has a short-term concentration on stock prices, they face a risk of either gaining tremendous penalties or rewards directly linked with the short-term evaluations.

There are various filings that one has to do to become incorporated. In the United States of America the law recognizes two types of corporations for the purposes of taxation. There are the C corporations and the S corporations (also known as small corporations).

The author states that the basis of taxation on income from salary is on due basis. So salary due to an employee is taxable irrespective of whether he actually receives it or not. There are certain allowances given to employee which are taxable like dearness allowance, dearness pay, additional dearness allowance.

The value of ß maybe 1, more than 1, and less than 1. The ß value 1 indicates that the individual security price will move with the market portfolio. The security with ß value of less than 1 implies that it is less volatile than the market while the ß value of more than 1 implies it is more volatile than the market.

An accounting theory has been defined as a coherent set of conceptual, hypothetical and pragmatic principles that gives a better consideration of existing practices to investors, practitioners, managers and other users; directs the development of new procedures and practices, and provides a theoretical framework for assessing existing practices.  

This paper is Hermes' financial report. Hermes history: artisans competed to produce the bulk stylish objects, facts was collective flanked by a variety of areas of know-how, a fiesta showcased our skill in numerous countries, and the Hearts and crafts film obtainable the sole profiles of our craftsmen. All of these event s completely illustrated.

Dubai Financial Market (DFM) was founded as a sovereign corporate body, by the Ministry of Economy. It operated like a secondary market that traded securities issued by different public companies, units of diverse investment funds, bonds that were issued by local, and Federal government, and also public institutions.

Investment management refers to professional asset management aimed at meeting specified investment goals. The establishment of the performance of an investment can be challenging. The absolute return refers to the portfolio returned after some time. Relative performance describes the difference between absolute return and market performance.

Globalization and liberalization in the global economic system have helped to improve the level of the economic well-being of developing countries and have successfully facilitated the growth of developed ones. However, the integration of different marketplaces has made the state of economic and monetary affairs highly complex. Analysts find debatable issues of concern in many economic affairs.

Although both Vodafone and Verizon had been trying to increase their shareholding in Verizon Wireless, neither of them was willing to surrender their shares. Finally, frequent talks between Verizon and Vodafone brought an end to this conflict and Vodafone agreed to sell their whole 45% holding in the joint venture to Verizon.

This Modigliani-Miller theorem is also known as the principle of capital structure irrelevance. Dividend policy is the making of a decision to either pay cash dividends at a later period or present. Dividends are also paid in stock dividends because they do not provide liquidity to stockholders or investors but create capital gains.

The ratio analysis has been performed with the help of the financial information present in the company’s financial statements. Different types of ratios have been calculated and divided into three categories, namely, liquidity ratios, activity ratios and profitability ratios.

The ideal packaging for Metbical, as a reasonable option for the consumer, would be, to introduce the whole package of 12 weeks with one pill per day. This would ensure that 60% of first-time users would be completing the whole dose of Metabical as compared to the other option of introducing a 4-week dose which would require refilling.

The country is struck with several factors which have hampered its development, some of which are political violence and earthquake. Other factors include epidemic of cholera and flood events. Due to these and several other reasons, health of the population of Haiti has suffered a lot.

The cost-benefit analysis techniques are implemented to evaluate projects by extracting values and figures that facilitate the planner or researcher to determine the feasibility of the project. In this evaluation, two scenarios were considered in order to implement GIS systems and supporting activities and functions.

Essay 2: Analytical Comparison and Contrast The process of analyzing similarities and differences between two similar items unearth some hidden or unnoticed facts on the same. Besides, the foretold process between two similar items (say two Artworks) is difficult because it is a tiresome task.

Abortion is the act of expulsing a human fetus prematurely. Statistics indicate that in every four women one has aborted at least once, therefore, indicating the intricacy of this matter. Other statistics emphasize that more than 42 million abortions are carried out on yearly basis across the world although the developed nations take 20 percent.

A cross sectional study of tension headache among Ahlia University male students in the Kingdom of Bahrain Chapter I Introduction In the past decade, the world faced great challenges in every facet of life. People’s lives are getting better every day because of globalization- better living conditions, better education, better communication and a lot more.

How many banks were there in 1934 and how many are there now? Does the table indicate that the trend toward consolidation is continuing? 1. Banks are very important to the American public. Banks allow individuals to perform necessary banking needs. These needs contribute to the transferring of money from individuals to business.

Similarly, the housing bubble phenomenon also contributed to the issue. Evidently, New Zealand could successfully survive the global financial crisis as a result of its banks’ strongest structure. Although the crisis caused an increase in the NZ unemployment rate, the government could successfully bring down the rate by the end of 2010.

Financial ratios, often called accounting ratios are used in the financial analysis by comparing two financial items extracted from the financial statements. A financial ratio is defined as “The relationship between two accounting figures expressed mathematically”. The financial ratio helps to find out the performance of the firm over the years.

In 2010 the Congress passed a bill that involved the federal governments into the markets, their role increased with new legislation that took control of the market, it ended by the mistrust of the financial markets in their dealing, it resulted in a crash in the mortgage industry which in turn left the whole economy to crumble by its effects.

Organizations usually tend to report all such matters in the annual published reports and these annual reports include different types of financial statements, corporate governance reports and many other information. The financial statements and all the other information within the annual report is to be presented in a formal manner as prescribed by the global accounting bodies.

(Husain, 2009: 1). To provide a brief background for the problem, between 2006-2009, 37 million to 49 million hectares of land in poor countries, valued at $20 to $30 billion, were sold or under negotiation for sale to foreign buyers (The Economist: 2010).

Therefore, this report will analyze the effect that the release of financial information has on prices of the company’s equity stock. In order to achieve this objective, this report will analyze effect Mutiny Gold Limited profit announcement made by the companies on share prices.

This discussion seeks to answer - How a selected accounting theory has contributed to the development of existing accounting practice? This would show how an accounting theory such as proprietary theory or entity theory could help in the development of accounting practice. The discussion focuses on the strengths, weaknesses and limitations of the proprietary and entity theories.

Several factors have drastically grown the financial markets in the last decades, particularly in the developing countries and some of these factors are globalization, deregulation, and advancement in technology. Financial markets around the world are not uniform and this is the reason why an investor can make more profits.

However, some peripheral European states accrued enormous unjustifiable losses and increased public debts, risking the entire European financial system and the viability of the euro. The weak implementation of financial regulation created a sovereign debt crisis.

In this report, this finance company is presented with a broad objective of achieving 60% growth over a five (5) year period. To do this, there are some major benchmarks of strategies and programs to put in place. These bench marks are centralisation of information system, human resource expansion, infrastructural expansion, profit investment and publicity system enhancement.

In e-commerce, there is more to the interconnected concept of technology and business. The changing face of business has brought changes in the way transactions occur through debit cards and credit cards, and the issue of security has often been cited as a barrier to e-commerce (May P., 2000, p.165).

Many firms across the globe have underscored the need for creative approaches and strategies in their business activities in order to compete effectively and sustainable growth and success of companies. The ongoing global financial crisis and economic crises pose serious implications for the innovation of firms across the world.

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting (CSR) is a very fundamental concern in the present global business environment where competition and the need for social responsiveness have become some of the greatest concerns for most business executives. In the present world, the economic and financial behavior of organizations normally determines the social responsibility performance of the organization.

In the case of cash flow statements format, IFRS includes standard heading but the flexibility of the contents is limited. U.S. GAAP and U.K. GAAP have similarities with IFRS but in U.S. GAAP there is more guidance for items included in each category. According to IFRS the statement of all recognized gains and losses can be presented in the notice or in the primary statement separately.

One aspect of IPR treatment that in the past has come under scrutiny for being prone to abuse is the treatment of R&D intangibles relating to acquisitions (Filter, 1971).  Potentially large write-offs are possible on financial statements for the purchase of in-process research and development (Patrick, 2005).

The revenue recognition is a significant issue. Noncompliance with the revenue recognition will create undue disadvantage to the fraudulent person or company. The violation of the revenue recognition principle constitutes misunderstanding among the different users of the financial statements.

The political risk assessment was conducted based on factors such as political stability, the labor market, the population, the tax burden, and the unemployment rate. The infrastructure prevalent in the country, the population, and the national culture were assessed. South Korea is politically stable and has an excellent infrastructure.

Horngren & Harrison (2009) state that investors require a specified return given the level of risk inherent in the investment. If the expected return is lower than the expected or required return, investors will have to sell the asset since with its risk, it is not projected to earn a return commensurate (Jensen and Meckling, 1976). 

The hospital should employ the following three budgeting techniques namely; strategic planning technique, expenses management technique, and accountability culture technique (Cleverly, Song & Cleverly, 2011). The strategic planning technique focuses on ensuring that the set budget is in line with the hospital's strategic goals and objectives.

International Financial Reporting Standards provides for the costs that should be added up, to sum up, the actual cost of a fixed asset. Some of these costs include the purchasing price of the fixed asset, the delivery charges incurred for the machine to move the machinery to the site, the testing cost and also the installation cost.

A vast majority of features in Mexico’s business environment are customary in most developing nations. It is only until recently that a significant portion of Mexico’s business shifted from government control. This paper will examine Mexico’s accounting principles and the nature of the accounting profession in Mexico.

It is not important whether the cash has been received or not. Similarly cost are recorded when the company incurred expenses irrespective of the payment of those expenses (Dyson, 2010). Matching Concept The term matching means proper association of revenue and expenses.