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Budget can be called the predefined and forecasted expenditure for the future course of time. It serves as a tool to coordinate different activities of the organization. It is a document or a collection of documents that refers to the future course of action of the organization. It serves as a policy guide, management tool, legal document, and financial control instrument for the organization.
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The total assets and equity of the company as on Jan 2013 was over US$ 203 billion and US$ 76 billion respectively. The company’s stocks are currently trading at $69.95 at the end of Jan 2013. For the year ending 2012, the company has paid dividends at rate 0.398.
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A statutory auditor is a certified external auditor who has the statutory obligation to certify the accountability of the firm’s financial statements in accordance with professional auditing standards (European Commission 2011). In order to ensure stakeholder confidence regarding the transparency of the auditing process, it is necessary to promote the independence of statutory auditors.
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In the past decade, the world has been plunged into a global economic crisis, with many countries, mostly the western developed states experiencing major economic difficulties and losses. The crisis caused significant hardships to middle and lower-class families, as well as various businesses and companies.
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Now people are so used to the concept of accounting irregularities that they do not care about them and therefore the stock prices just got immune to the historical effects of accounting and financial reporting blunders. The whole discussion signifies that people have accepted the presence of accounting frauds as a fundamental truth, due to this reason; they do not bother about them much.
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The main source of cash for the organization is operating activities which generated the highest cash inflow, $ 155 million, as compared to cash flow from investing activities which was - $ 80 million and cash flow from investing activities was - $ 413. Net income is the major contributor to the high cash flow from operating activities followed by depreciation and amortization.
The FEE Paper Comparison International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) Code of Ethics that says “An individual’s objectivity must be beyond question when conducting and reporting on a statutory Audit.” This is applicable when auditors themselves act as statutory auditor, or when they are auditing on behalf of an auditing firm.
Dubai Financial Market (DFM) was founded as a sovereign corporate body, by the Ministry of Economy. It operated like a secondary market that traded securities issued by different public companies, units of diverse investment funds, bonds that were issued by local, and Federal government, and also public institutions.
Abudhabi Financial Market Introduction Abu Dhabi is the capital and the second largest city of United Arab Emirates. The financial market of Abu Dhabi is dominated by the banks and insurance companies of Abu Dhabi. The financial market has played a key role in the rapid growth of the energy sector and renewable energy industry of Abu Dhabi.
Financial Market in Abu Dhabi Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Executive Summary 3 Abu Dhabi: Leading in the Middle East region in respect of the Investors Confidence 3 Abu Dhabi Financial Market 4 Mission of ADX 4 Values of Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange 4 Trading System of ADX 6 Broker 6 Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange: Operations 6 Past few Years Performance (2004 to 2008) 6 Price Appreciation and the Turnover of ADX 7 Past few Years Performance (2004 to 2008) 7 Conclusion 8 Introduction Developing the financial markets has been one of the primary objectives in most of the countries in the Gulf region from the past few years.
The balance score card is a strategic management tool that helps in evaluating the performances related to financial as well as nonfinancial factors. It is used extensively in many industries, businesses, and other non-profit-seeking organizations for aligning business activities according to the vision or the strategy of the organization.
In the literature, financial analysis has been characterized as ‘an information processing system used to provide relevant information for decision making’ (Belkaoui 1998, p.1). Particular reference is also made to financial statements ‘as the key source of information used in the financial analysis process’ (Belkaoui 1998, p.1).
The working capital cycle consists of four phases this is; (1) finding the best sources of cash, (3) turning the money into short resources such as inventories and labor and also using it to pay bills, (4) using the available resources gotten with the money to provide services, (5) invoicing the customers for the services rendered.
In this way the use of trains and rails are promoted versus the average community that places more emphasis on roads and highways (Brown, & Damon, 2012). Brown estimates that there are currently over 4000 communities considered urbanism projects within the United States with half of those being historic projects.
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Interest rate liberalization is a policy that is basically aimed to keep the costs of the funds low with a view that cheap credit would promote development through increased investment. Interest rates are basically used to manage monetary conditions and mobilize and deploy resources in an efficient and effective manner.
Performance measures can be considered as metrics for monitoring the success of an activity and competence of the workforce in utilizing the available resources. Competence can be attained by maximising the output with the minimum number of resources. Improvement in competence can be achieved by providing fewer inputs that can be used to produce a particular amount of output.
Even though healthcare organizations are generally not meant to focus on financial performance more than the provision of quality service to the public, it is only through performance capabilities availed through competency of finance and accounting operations that they are able to sustain the provision of quality service.
Analysis and interpretation report of Fletcher Building Limited Executive Summary Being one of New Zealand’s largest companies with over 100 years building experience, the Board of Directors of NZ Saver Limited are interested in investing in Fletcher Building Limited and as such, have requested for an analysis of the performance report of the corporation.
What Al Wafa General Construction and Maintenance Company is a start-up company, which is into business for the past three years. However, due to escalating performance and development of the company the size of work force increased to more than 200. These are those employees who work under the company payroll.
The study conducts an in-depth analysis of the factors that influence capital structure of the SME, the various sources of finance for the SMEs and the issues faced and the policies that are there in the UK to support the SMEs. A recommendation is made on how the initiatives taken by the national, regional and local entities can be made better.
Introduction
The principal of all high schools in the suburbs of a large city are aware about a significant budget crisis looming throughout the state. According to the Superintendent, the state Department of Education has significantly reduced budget allocation due to the crisis as a result of which the district high school budget committee has been directed to cut their annual budget by 20% from its annual maintenance and operations and 30% from its soft capital budget for the fiscal.
The company has reported an increase in its annual profits from 2005 to 2007 yet it has had cash flow problems which has made the company to lack sufficient cash to pay for its obligations within the deadline. Investors are usually concerned with the overall strength of a company including the cash flows and profitability before they get to invest in the company and that is why companies should ensure positive cash flows.
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The company operates and has airport hubs in Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport, Charlotte International Airport, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and Philadelphia International Airport. The US Airways is a member of Star Alliance and has over 285 turbo and regional jets.
The cash conversion cycle for a company is the measure of the average time required, for a company, to convert the resources it has as input into cash flows.
The study highlights the methods of functioning, importance of DFM and its relative importance to the domestic, foreign and institutional investors. The study will focus on the equipments required for trading purposes in Dubai and the rules and regulations required while trading.
A baby boom is normally considered as a sign of economic stability and growth. It normally occurs after an uplifting event like a war. Baby boom is normally referenced as a period after the Second World War. Consequently, nations that participated in the Second World War experience a baby boom at different times.
The financial statement accounts for an entity’s assets and their sources, capital, and liabilities. Sources of liabilities for a banking institution are different from liability sources for a magazine publishing organization or a departmental store and this section compares and contrasts liabilities items for the three types of organizations.
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The statements may be prepared in certain future period and enable the manager fund required. ?The funds required are determined: after drawing the projections in terms of marketing activities, sale of products and the production cost, finance manager draws up a plan of the required funds depending on the time factor.
Savings is the amount of disposable income which is not spent on the consumption or use of consumer goods. It is either accumulated or directly invested in payment of the home mortgage, capital equipment, etc. It can also be invested indirectly by purchasing securities. It is the amount that is left after meeting up all the personal expenses.
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The recovery has been spotty and weak due to the lingering effects of the implosion of the toxic sub-prime housing mortgage assets. In the assessment of academics and economists, the weak employment data, widening trade deficits, and continued fiscal deficit point to tough times ahead.
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This incorporates analyzing key risk-takers and asset holders of the group. Furthermore, the share price strategy of the group should be closely monitored, especially relating to whether there is an incentive to move the profits to a shareholder. The local profit margin should be analyzed based on the company’s activities within the group.
Name: Institution: Professor: Date: Case Analysis: Victoria Chemicals plc-Merseyside and Rotterdam Projects Introduction This case is about two mutually exclusive projects-the Merseyside and Rotterdam projects. The case requires the measurement of the attractiveness of each of the two projects based on their investments before the proposal is presented to the Chief Executive Officer.
Name: Institution: Professor: Date: Case analysis-El-Con Construction Inc (El-Con) This case is about the different ways through which El-Con can optimize its shareholders wealth. In 2010, El-Con was requesting from Oakville Hydro amount of $450,000 for hydrovac truck and $50,000 to cover its working capital needs.
Name: Institution: Professor: Date: Case analysis- Victoria Chemicals plc Introduction The case is about the different ways through which Victoria Chemicals plc can fund the modernization of the Merseyside works project from the corporate headquarters in order to improve its financial performance in order to increase its Earnings per Share.
Research Problem The problem of the research is, “Compare and evaluate risk management techniques from experts in the field?” Literature: Financial risk management techniques The risk management techniques in the field of finance include identification of the areas of financial risk and measuring it and then applying the use of financial derivatives and other instruments in order to mitigate the actual risk level to the desired level of risk exposure.
The study is based on basic theories of Financial Conservatism and Agency problems related to economic distress. The financials of the firms are extracted from the fiscal years 2005 to 2012 and statistically analyzed to establish and prove a hypothesis that the agencies practice cash conservatism and low-leverage financial policy; particularly in times of economic recession.
I will experience several problems emanating from Real Estate Leases. Some of the problems will emanate from Premises and their usage, management of property, security deposit, pets, storage, taxes, and maintenance. Several items in the Lease agreement should be changed to make my life as a tenant of Lucifer Leasing Company comfortable.
Alternatively, the financial planning helps corporations to estimate asset investment requirements in order to achieve long term objectives. Financial planning activity starts from the analysis of business environment and feasibility of business model. Then it identifies the sources needed to achieve these objectives in monetary units by quantifying scarce resources such as raw materials for production process, labor, necessary equipments, inventory, and so on.
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Finally, the essay will explore companies that can effectively use the two systems based on the analysis of the differences between the two costing approaches. To begin with, before assigning costs to products and services, it is always necessary to accumulate the costs involved in the operation.
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This process is helpful to facilitate the most productive utilization of funds and to promote fast business growth. Cash planning is a technique used to forecast future inflows and outflows of cash and hence to meet the future fund needs effectively. In short, thoughtful cash planning and cash management are essential to run the business efficiently so as to achieve its long-term goals.
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Research Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 1. Introduction 3 2. Literature Review 3 2.1 New methodologies in use 3 2.1.1 Computer assisted audit techniques 4 2.1.2 Analytical Auditing 4 2.1.3 Expert System 5 2.2 Information System Auditing 5 3. Methodology 6 3.1 Research Objective 6 3.2 Research Methodology 7 3.3 Instruments Used 7 4.
Firstly free cash flow based technique mainly utilizes the growth rates on expectations and assumptions. Those assumptions may not found to be correct. M&A based technique is based upon the industry average. Industry average is not the only factor, which can lead to the most accurate enterprise value.
As a result, of this hindrance, market players are constantly adopting to adjustments that will enable a dynamic approach in risk management of foreign exchange.
Terms of the bailout that grant the government regulatory powers restrict management’s powers over the company and stockholders’ authority. Significant bailouts in the industry also have the disadvantage of granting the government more powers in the industry towards similar effects as those of nationalization.
The process of financial planning for asset investment requirements is referred to as the capital budgeting process. First step in the process is to determine the possible investment alternatives that would address the need of the business. After identifying the likely options, the corresponding costs (purchase and installation) and the possible income streams into the future should be estimated, taking note of the years during which they are expected to materialize.
Secondly, the entrepreneur is allowed to retain earning without sharing with debtors because the debtors do not have any share of the profit, unlike equity where they do. Moreover, there is an aspect of tax deduction to interests borrowed and hence the business has a lowered liability when paying taxes, unlike equity.
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The district lies in the state of Arizona which has passed the Arizona Constitution Article XI and Title 15 of the Arizona Revised Statutes to be followed by the schools and colleges of the district. The districts are bound to publish their budgets in the newspaper for public awareness as budgetary revenues include the amount paid by the taxpayers.
One of its main suggestions is that managers can help in heightening the shareholders’ wealth by ensuring that they give a right timing to issues related to security. Most studies that have tested the market timing theory have found out that particular factors tend to affect security decisions for instance, interest rates and past stock prices.
The main objective of financial reporting is to communicate to investors, creditors, and other interested parties the financial outcomes of a business in a understandable and useful way. The basic responsibility for reporting those financial outcomes rests with the business’s management.
It incorporates other forms of medium such as TV and other programming sources. Dow Jones enhances the lives of millions internationally as well as enlightens the decisions of company executives and experts working in organizations sales and trading; wealth management; online trading etc.