Finance & Accounting Essays

The responsibility of the IRS includes a collection of taxes in the US and enforcing the Internal Revenue Code that is framed by the US federal government. Currently, IRS has divided its interest and audit functions into four divisions, namely the Large and International Business, the Small Business and Self-employed, Wages and Investment division, and the Government organizations (exempted from tax).

The company reported a net income of 460 million dollars as of 2011 and a net operating income of 1,768 million dollars in the same period (Intercontinental Hotel Group, 2013). The company aims at creating a great guest love hotel with over 6,76000 hundred rooms in approximately 4600 hotels in one hundred countries (Intercontinental Hotel Group, 2013).

Derivative contracts are financial instruments whose value is derived from the value of their underlying assets, security, market index, etc. The underlying factors of the market that determines the value of derivative contracts may be currency conversion rates, interest rates, equity prices, commodity prices, etc.

Accounting standards refer to principles of accounting, methods and laws provided by an accounting board, the International Accounting Standards Board which is an independent body. The aim of the board is to set operational standards that apply equally to financial reports of both local and international public firms (Australian Accounting Standards Board [AASB] 2010).

Burberry Group plc and its subsidiaries, the “Group” is a British luxury fashion house that distributes fashion accessories and clothing and licenses fragrances. It is mostly famous for its trench coat which was designed by its founder Thomas Burberry. The company has branded franchises and stores around the world and it sells in third-party stores through concessions.

Accounting regulations are very significant in the growth of all organizations. Every organization is supposed to have proper accounting regulations that will be used to address different problems. Currently, accounting regulation is at a crossroads, many people think that we need a more formal disclosure framework to guide disclosure.

Another thing that we concluded from the case was that when Doug was being given orientation training for a sales manager, he was handed over huge piles of paper in the name of training manuals. Doug became really confused at the approach because it was practically not possible for any person to absorb all the rules, regulations and study material printed in those manuals.

In face of the credit crunch, having adequate cash reserves for debt financing as well as a manageable level of debt is sensible. However, the general sense about cash holdings and leverage is that a lot of big firms are holding cash and liabilities to levels that are deemed suboptimal by standard capital structure theories.

The risk profile of Vincent has been identified to be moderately aggressive while the risk profile of Linda is cautious towards financial planning. Vincent and Linda have the topmost priority to shift to their own home from their rented house. The purchase of own residence would require one time down payment for the property.

The finances of SMALLAIR are in good shape but have faced some crucial fiscal challenges in some important areas, particularly in regards to the profitability of some routes and the capacity factor of some planes on other routes needing a higher load factor to enhance profitability and reduce costs.

d work for the best interest of their stakeholders. The management at every step has to make policies for improving the business operations. The policies should lead to profit maximization, sale maximization, maximization the market share, attracting the customers but should not compromise the trust of the customers by providing low quality products for attaining high profits.

Detroit became the largest city in terms of size and population in US history to file for Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy on July 18, 2013, with an estimated debt of $18-20 billion. The proceeding provides protection to financially distressed municipalities from creditors through the creation of a financial plan aimed at settling the debt.

Sharia law, as a moral code and religious law for Muslims; addresses various perspectives of human activities such as economics, crimes, and politics, as addressed by secular laws, and it seeks to differentiate intentions, interactions, and decisions between those that are good and those that are bad (MacEoin and Green, 2).

The budget of New York City has a mission statement that expresses all of our key policy decisions and priorities. It determines who we tax and how much, and where we choose to spend our money for programs and services in areas such as education, sanitation, public safety, libraries, social services, housing, and economic development.

Increased prices for commodities will also give the company a chance to expand by increasing its total assets. Once the company makes an extra profit, it will be in a position to purchase more assets for itself. If the company makes sufficient profit, it will still be in a position to expand its transactions further by purchasing more stock.

2,185..9 million and non-current liabilities of ?3,076.6 million. On April 3, 2010 Marks and Spencer was financed by Total liabilities of ? 4,967.3 million consisting of current liabilities (due within the next 12 months) of ?1,890.5 million and non-current liabilities of 3,076.6 million.

Based on the discussion, Boeing management makes decisions. Boeing Airplane Company uses relevant financial information for its decision making activities. The company uses reliable financial information to scrutinize entry into the very large commercial transport or VLCT unit market segment. Indeed, Boeing must implement the profitable VLCT production and marketing strategies.

 Another key observation made from the assessment of Ms. Waterson’s present position is that she lacks an emergency cash reserve. It is wise to maintain an urgent situation reserve that would cover the basic living expenses of around 5 to 6 months. In the case of Joan Waterson, this balance should be in between $25,000 to $30,000.    

Boeing has tried to reduce the financial aid given to Airbus. Boeing has also declared that the profitability of Airbus is reducing and making an investment or giving financial aid to Airbus would be a loss. At the moment, these two firms; Boeing and Airbus are having a dispute and the case is with World Trade Organisation. 

Ford was incorporated with 12 investors owning 1000 shares in total. Malcomson and Ford together retained 51% of the shares of the company. By 1906 Malcomson was phased out and finally the name given was Ford Company Limited. Bill Ford is the president of Ford Company Limited.

From normal budgets to budgeted financial statements, different sorts of categories are analyzed regarding the costing and financing requirements of the given product. Another major aim of this business plan is to present the costing and financial aspects of the product to the bankers that can lend the organization under consideration.

After 9/11, most Americans would like to think that the United States borders are tighter than ever; some articles stressed that they are wrong. Time International correspondents Barlett et al. (2004) reported: The US’s borders, rather than becoming more secure since 9/11, have grown even more porous. And the trend has accelerated in the past year.

Forex Derivatives- A Tool to Minimise Corporate Risks Introduction As per Rawls and Smithson (1990), risk management is now employed by many multinational corporations to a large extent that outcomes of surveys showed that financial executives graded risk management as one of their foremost objectives.

This functioning of the Cloud Computing environment, its evolution from basic technologies, its implications in managerial functioning, etc all form a crucial part of the article, Cloud Computing: a new phase in information technology management written by Al Bento and Regina Bento.

However, before selecting any structure for this business, the relative advantages and disadvantages of each are needed to be considered. An entity where the person opening the business constitutes without any contract with others or incorporation of the entity

In identifying the tunable cellular features, precision in nanotopography using nanocomposite electrospinning serves as a tool to modulate the effect of morphological contact guidance. The first-order effect of substrate topography is a morphological response to contact guidance, while the second-order effect includes other cellular responses.

IFRS 3 deals with reporting of an entity when it incorporates a business combination. A business combination is bringing together of several businesses under one reporting unit. Normally there is an acquirer which acquires various other acquirees. If acquirees are not formerly separate business entities then it is not considered a business combination.

This research article will highlight the impact of CEO’s compensation and promotion based incentives and their related performance. It is difficult task for assessing the executive compensation and evaluating whether they are working in favor of their investors (Antle, 1986).

CDS – Credit Default Swaps 6 5. Why economic models failed? 8 6. Case Reference – Perspective of HSBC Bank 8 7. Conclusion 9 8. References 11 1. Introduction Financial institutions cater to the needs of different types of customers by providing relevant financial services.

Use of Real Options Theory in Financial Management/Modeling It goes further to identify the activities that facilitated my understanding of the real options theory and other practical application matters connected to the real option theory. The Need for the Real Options Theory The Real Options Theory is a finance theory that is increasingly being used by top-level management and people charged with the governance of businesses to take good financial decisions.

With this concern, the report shall take into consideration the various implications required during the setting up of a business unit which include tax implications, legal implications and accounting implications. The prime objective of the paper is to identify a particular form of business and significant considerations for the effective establishment of the unit providing rational explanations to the selection.

Business intelligence system helps the organization to make better decisions in the organization and hence it is also known as decision support system. “Business intelligence (BI) is a broad category of applications and technologies for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions” (Definition: Business Intelligence (BI) 2005, para.

Kudler Fine Foods Company is one of the leading grocery stores situated in California, offering a wide range of exotic herbs and flavors, refreshment wines, seafood items, baked goodies etc. It has three diverse locations in Encinitas, La Jolla and Del Mar.

Company also provides services in shipping. BMMI's headquarter is located in the Kingdom of Bahrain, and with international operations spanning three continents, BMMI is a diversified retail and distribution, and contract services and supply group, supported by a world class integrated logistics capability.

The types of insurances that provide such protection against disabilities and accidents are many. Also the high costs of health care has become a hot topic nationwide where every TV channel loves to provide their broadcast on the crisis upon the healthcare system in USA.

The author states that the company did not have proper internal control mechanisms to keep the level of bad debts and accounts receivables within the fixed range. Hence, even poorly performing firms obtained huge amounts of credits from MCI and this condition adversely affected MCI’s operational efficiency.

Accounting standards are the statements of policy of practice guiding the organization at maintaining fair books of accounts. It is in this context that IFRS has often been regarded to possess the capability to aid cross-border analyzing and thus escalate reporting precision among the firms espousing it. It further enables the stakeholders to comprehend the financial results of entities globally.

The main topic of this paper is High Frequency Trading – HFT. This paper examines the pros and cons of HFT and makes recommendations on how regulators can address the concerns that market practitioners have over HFT. The author also describes wanted and unwanted effects of High Frequency Trading.

As per the GE Annual report for 2011, the Company’s market information related to Common Stock can be availed from the New York Stock Exchange, which is its leading market besides the London Stock Exchange, and Euronext Paris (GE Annual Report, 2011). Comparing the stock market price of 2011 with that of 2010, one finds the performance on the stock market very convincing.

Generally Accepted Accounting Principle is used to present comparative financial statements in report format while the major focus is given on multiyear financial statement. GAAP rule works in connection with SEC rules for public companies. The GAAP rule emphasizes covering financial statements presented in the balance sheet for at least three years.

It is a leading player in the hotel industry. Indeed, Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide owns and operates hotel suites, resorts, real estates, and about 1,000 properties all over the work. Actually, the company offers its services in more than 100 countries where it employs about 145, 000 employees.

This research thus draws on the case study of National Express and FirstGroup to rationalize the best solution to solve a corporate organization's financial solution. This involves an analogy acquisition and acquisition as a financial solution with other financial crisis solution mechanisms recommended in fiancé and accounting.

An operating cycle of a company is the average period of time which a business takes for the acquisition of goods and the receipts of cash due to sale of these goods. The nature of the operating cycle depends on the type of business the company does. For example, if the business is a reseller then its operating cycle would not include any production time.

Given the nature of completion in product marketing sectors of the economy and the globalization of trade, companies are prompted to heavily invest in innovation and technology as a cost-effective approach to competition. To move ahead of their competitors in the market, corporations must adopt modern technology, creativity and innovation which come at a cost.

You have to be a good manager to be an effective leader Introduction Management and leadership are two such terms that are sometimes used interchangeably though they slightly differ from each other in definition as well as in practice. Management entails supervision whereas leadership essentially means paving the way forward, and guiding the followers through it to achieve the goal.

This is because it causes increased application of common procedures and familiar trends as many executives would like to maintain such pay by not involving in high-risk projects which are potentially beneficial but untested. The executive remuneration process is also arguably affected by financial crises as they promote low-profit margins.

In the present corporate scenario, the market investors adopt the policy of undertaking diversified investments thereby resorting to a portfolio of investments. The investors take diversified investment strategy, where they invest their money in national as well as international investment instruments. Here the researcher tends to analyze the key mechanism of international investment diversification.

A derivative contract is referred to as a bilateral agreement that grants for payment to be made by one contracting party to the other. The sum of such payment is to be quantified at a future date which is based on an index, the value of an asset or rate at that future date. The rate, asset or index, which decides the amount to be paid, is referred to as the derivative’s underlying (Cox, 2007, p.77).

It is more than the market value of the firm. In Anheuser-Busch and InBev Merger the size of the premium of Anheuser-Busch increased significantly. At first, InBev had made an offer to buy Anheuser-Busch at $46 billion, this amount was a 30% premium over the stock of what Anheuser-Busch was trading for in the market (Howard, 2008). 

To this end, there were significant losses registered banks in the United States as a result of subprimal foreclosures of mortgages (Chrisdoulaki, 2010). Consequently, since the megabanks in European Union and the United States were operating under business models which were similar, the financial distress facing the United States was replicated in the European Union.