Finance & Accounting Essays

From this research it is clear that Linear Technology started paying dividends in 1992 approximately six years after it was listed on NASDAQ. This meant that the company gave itself sometime to grow to a certain level to the extent that it thought that its earnings were somewhat sustainable before it started paying out dividends.

Finance Concepts and their Application. Financial managers play an important role in any organization. They are responsible for an organization’s financial resources. They are guardians of these funds and have a responsibility to invest these funds in a way that yields the highest possible return and at the same time providing liquidity to an organization.

Cost Volume Profit Analysis and Costing for the 21st Century Introduction Globalization, economic fluctuation, and competition highly influence the flow of businesses. These happenings could either bring a good effect or a bad effect to any industry. In the case of the manufacturing firms, they base their success on the profitability of the products that they are offering.

and Wall-Mart Stores Inc. have performed in the last year. Current ratios have been low for Kroger and Wall-Mart, with 0.87 and 0.9 however; Chevron and Eaton have adequate current assets to pay off immediate obligations. Wall-Mart is the lowest ranked in terms of current ratio within the industry.

The concepts of risk and return therefore are most important while estimating cost of equity and as such capital asset pricing model is considered as one of the most important models to estimate the cost of equity by correlating risk and reward with each other.

Business always requires to make proper appraisal of its people and this can be achieved only if it depends on accurate and effective costing method. Strict compliance to a specific costing method has always been considered to be vital to measuring and assessing the costs incurred especially in today’s contexts in which more advanced manufacturing techniques are used.

The Black-Scholes model and the binomial model are the most commonly used option pricing models. These theories have errors because their options are derived from assets. For instance in a company’s stock, time does affect the theories because the process of calculating option pricing takes a long time or is done after several years (Coval, 2001).

The author states that the boom in the housing market started growing as the stock bubble grew up in the last decade of the 20th century. In simple terms, the logic governing the growth of the housing bubble was one such that the wealthy were spending the money they had accumulated from the favorable stock markets.

The discipline also includes the processes of preparing financial reports for the groups within the business who do not participate in the management of the business entity (Zhou, 2012). This includes groups such as the shareholders of a company, creditors along with the regulation and taxing authorities (O’Sullivan, 2010).

In the year 2008, Coca-Cola’s status of funding for the U.S based benefit pension plan fundamentally declined owing to the general decline in the stock market of the entire nation. Beginning 2009, the firm had injected about $ 175 million into the benefit pension plan (IASB, 2007).

Any business going abroad should decisively identify and set strategies geared towards limiting and if possible eliminating risks that may be encountered in the process. Research defines the main instrument by which businesses can spot opportunities and risks existing in the target market.

The managers sometimes take decisions which negatively affect the entire organisation. They should not only focus on the interest of the customers but also on other stake holders and the intangible assets. Financial crisis can affect the financial structure of the companies resulting in harming their reputation.

Section (a) The net gain or loss for the stock prices between $121 and $231 per share at option maturity is calculated as follows: Purchased Share Price ($) Current Stock Price ($) (i) Long Share Profit & Loss ($) Strike Price ($) Premium Paid ($) (ii) Long Put Profit & Loss [Max((Option Value - Premium Paid), Premium paid)] Strategy [(i)+(ii)] Protective Put (Net) 171 121 -50 165 28 $16.00 Exercise -$34.00 171 141 -30 165 28 -$4.00 Exercise -$34.00 171 165 -6 165 28 -$28.00 Exercise -$34.00 171 171 0 165 28 -$28.00 Do Not Exercise -$28.00 171 181 10 165 28 -$28.00 Do Not Exercise -$18.00 171 201 30 165 28 -$28.00 Do Not Exercise $2.00 171 221 50 165 28 -$28.00 Do Not Exercise $22.00 171 231

This is a financial report that focuses its analysis on two companies; Fantastic holdings limited and super retail group which previously was called Super cheap auto group limited. The report analyses the performance of the two companies over time and tries to evaluate which company between the two has good economic performance.

The government has offered funds for creating small businesses and I have developed a personal interest in establishing one. I therefore, in this paper, discuss the scope of a small business by exploring advantages and disadvantages of a sole proprietorship, types of financial statements for each form of business organization, tax, and legal implications for each form of business organization, proposed products for my small business, my preferred form of business organization, and the rationale for my choice.

In accounting, there are several theories which give guidance in understanding certain aspects. In management accounting, there are specific theories; among them is the contingency theory. In management accounting, contingency theory is basically concerned with the situational factors.

First, I will discuss the factors I considered when enrolling for course in Business Administration. Second, I will address the issue of the expenses related to the course. Finally, the essay will discuss the expected returns after completion of the course in terms of employment opportunity.

In order to provide Dr. White round about cost reduction of $ 94,000, the research paper provides the justification for the costs that can be reduced to achieve the targeted cost reduction. The paper also states perspectives relating to how managerial accounting is different from cost accounting.

Accounting Research THESIS STATEMENT This paper intends to discuss about a particular area of moral hazard which is associated with the management accounting concept. It further intends to elaborate about how this area delivers significant benefits to the managers and the organizations as a whole.

Zain LETTER TO STOCKHOLDERS 1. There are two letters that have been written by the Chairman and the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Zain Group addressing the shareholders belonging to the company. The Chairman of the company is Asaad Ahmed Al-Banwan and M.

The overall interest rate that you firm will pay the 3-month Interbank Offered Rate that varies on the daily basis plus 2% per quarter. The amount of interest that your company will pay is 25,000,000*2%*89/360 = 123,611 Euros per quarter plus the amount that is determine by Interbank Offer Rate.

6 Porter Five Forces 6 Question 3: Imagine you are the new owner. What are the next steps you would take in terms of strategy and why? Where do you see areas to improve? 7 References 8 Question 1: Do you agree with the owner that there is a fit regarding the company strategy and resources?

1). The corporate name was coined from the first initials of the family names of Adrian Dalsey, Larry Hillblom and Robert Lynn, who “personally transported cargo documents from San Francisco to Honolulu by plane” (DHL: History, 2011, par. 2). With the traditional concept, the evolution of delivery of postal documents emerged through international air express.

High speed gives way to either heating or freezing of the celestial bodies. Thus blue-shifted and the red-shifted vague specters reflect the reality of really high speed at which the Local Group moves in a constant manner. This flow is never ending and provides us with a deeper understanding of the state of affairs in the galaxies throughout the universe.

As Deloitte, Touche, Ernst and Young (2004) point out, an effective internal control over financial reporting is the key element to improve management of records and enhanced preparation of consistent financial reports. This comprehensive process requires the involvement of people at all levels of the company.

However, certain scenarios observed in that pursuit negatively affects the economy, spreading these effects to the entire public. The interest of this paper is to evaluate and assess the banking sector in that context. Specifically, retail and investment banking operations are considered.

Changes in corporate governance can occur in various distinct ways which include election of a new board of directors by shareholders, changes in the company’s ownership through merger and acquisition among other factors etc (Minow and Monks 2011). The announcement of a change in corporate governance can have an effect on the performance of the company and as such this paper shall carry out an event study to determine the effect of the announcement of a merger between Inbev and Anheuser Busch which was made on 11th June 2008 on the share price of the Inbev Busch.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF BECK’S THEORY OF RISK SOCIETY TO OTHER CONTEMPORARY THEORETICAL APPROACHES BACKGROUND: Sociologists have long been engrossed in research on societal distinctions and this has led them to crave for neologism as an integral part of their activities.

In this report, research work that has been done by various authors is taken into consideration. It focuses on three key areas: One is the determination of the price of a single name CDS security and demonstration of how the price of a CDS is obtained for a listed company using a specific pricing model.

The concept of earning management generally has been at the centre of these scandals. The accounting literature abounds in the various means of earnings management, which is an accounting procedure of hiding actual financial performance of corporations from those stakeholders who have a right to know the actual business position (Habbash, 2010).

Accounting is one of the professions that experiences legal and moral breaches as employees engage in malpractices. The profession reports cases of fraud as professionals seek to extract money from organizations and individuals through misrepresentation of information on financial statements’ items such as assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses or income.

Contextually, to achieve the desire returns through the effective controlling of finances, organisational managers require considering proper budget allocations, resource availability checks, maintaining accounting records, forecasting and continually assessing fixed and variable costs as well as operating ratios among others (Wisconsin Department of Health Services, 1994).

The structure, roles and the responsibilities of the Federal Reserve has undergone rapid changes over the years which have been mainly stimulated by the events like the Great Depression, Global Financial Crisis, etc. The structure of the Federal Reserve System is composed of a governing board, the open market committee, regional Federal Reserve banks, privately owned banks in US and the advisory councils.

However, many organizations still succeed in finding out the loopholes in the accounting standards and seek the room for manipulating the financial statements. There are various motives, which work behind such accounting breaches practice. For instance, the financial statements are reflected to the users of financial statements in such a way that the true picture of financial performance and position of the organization can be replaced with ready-made financial result in order to reflect the desired portrait of the organization.

Livent, Inc., a Toronto based company is a potent example of a company that encountered fraudulent schemes. Despite the company having a strong desire to succeed among other competitors, it was declared bankruptcy in Canada and the United States. It was evident that the company had overstated its revenues in the year 1997 and 1998.

According to the paper the author assembled a portfolio that included industry leaders and star performers Apple (AAPL) and Ebay (EBAY), expected to perform very well, at least seasonally. Secondly, he included the highly successful oil and gas exploration and production company, Denver-based Cimarex, for owning no less than 68% of national proven reserves and the lion’s share of 80% of production.

The reason is that the company got lesser return on its capital and equity. The capital has not been efficiently utilized resulting in the decline in return on capital employed. Since the profitability of the company (EBIT) declined, it resulted in the decline of return on capital employed.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the following: the need for risk assessment; financial threat assessment; drug trade as a source of finance; overall cost of war; need for financial threat assessment; corruption in Afghanistan and Iraq; institutionalization of the financial risk assessment and counter threat finance and implications for future

II. The company must have a short position (i.e. sell) ASX 90 days interest rate futures contract because it would be a future borrower on the spot market. III. Number of contracts is computed as: contract amount*hedge ratio/ price of the futures contract.

The author of this paper states that traditionally it has been regarded that in international trade the countries simply use to export the goods suitable for its factor endowment and technology and import the goods that it could not produce due to lack of support from its natural conditions and production factors availability.

This paper primarily focuses on the evaluation of the efficiency of the alteration of the housing policies of the new coalition administration in the UK, which came to power in 2010. The idea behind social housing refers to a system of housing which is affordable. This permits people to on low rents and with security.

They are made to ensure that the financial statements are based on the matching principle and revenue recognition concept . These requires that revenues be recorded when earned and expenses are matched to the accounting period, when the revenue they helped produce, was earned .

In November, 2010, the Chinese Government imposed a ban on the import of Australian rock lobsters into the Chinese market. However, at the same time, China continued to import lobster from New Zealand and South Africa. The Chinese Government’s decision baffled the authorities of the Australian fishing community.

Differences in problems faced by Toyota and Peugeot 8 5. Conclusion - Evaluation of Toyota and Peugeot success in achieving their targets 9 References 11 Appendix 12 1. Introduction The effectiveness of strategies of modern organizations can be influenced by a series of factors.

This can be calculated using profit volume (P/V) ratio or contribution margin. The formula for P/V ratio is as follows: P/V ratio = (Contribution ? Sales) x 100 The contribution margin indicates the contribution that each unit of a product makes to fixed cost.

The discussion was based on the relationship marketing strategies adopted by the company. It has been argued that traditional marketing has failed to interact properly with its customers and had put the customers as the last option which ultimately led to believe that organization tends to over promise but under deliver (Mitussis, O’Malley & Patterson, 2005).

s 15 4.10 The expediency of the Balanced Scorecard to Performance Management System of Commercial Banks of China 20 4.11 Summary 21 5.0 Research Methodology 22 6.0 The Balanced Scorecard in the Chinese Commercial Banking Sector – Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) 22 7.0 Context 22 8.0 Findings 24 9.0 Interpretation 24 9.1 Extent of Leaders’ Support 27 9.2 Preparation for Implementation 27 9.3 Management ‘Informatization’ 28 9.4 Cost and Benefit 29 9.5 Incentive System 29 10.0 Conclusion 30 Reference 31 Bibliography 34 1.0 Introduction The phrase “Measurement is the first step that leads to control and eventually to improvement.

At the time of dissolution of business the valuation is done for all assets and liabilities. All the liabilities are settled first from the assets amount and then the left over amount is for the owner. In this case the value in balance sheet is given but the value is just the historical value in which all the depreciation and accumulated impairment loss was deducted and the final amount is in balance sheet.

According to James J. Leisenring, former Vice Chairman of the FASB and currently a member of the IASB, in his article, “The Meaning of Neutral Financial is reporting,” said, The dissemination of biased and thus potentially misleading information is bad for all interests in market-driven economies.

The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Introduction For an open market place, an idealized framework is assumed. In this market, stocks available for trade are assumed to risky assets. Moreover, there are also those assets that are not associated to any risk and customers borrow whichever the quantity they want since there are no stipulations limiting quantities to be borrowed.