Finance & Accounting Essays

The purpose of sustainable development of the company is to meet the needs and requirements of the present without compromising the capability of future generations to meet their own needs and requirements. One of the key challenges of sustainable development of a company is that it demands innovative and new choices and methods of thinking.

The quality of the product and well managed business operations are always prone to capture the taste buds acceptability. Moreover, if the product is marketed properly, then it can help the product to be successful. The given report, hence, provides the financial feasibility of the project which is about introducing a new drink based providing potential investor an attractive opportunity to enter the growing market and earn attractive returns.

Control of Records 17 2.4.6. Management Responsibility 17 2.4.7. Resource Management 19 2.4.8. Product Realization 19 2.4.9. Measurement, analysis and improvements 20 2.4.10. Internal Audits 21 2.4.11. Control of Non-conforming products/Services 21 2.4.12.

Test Paper 2 Missing Questions -12,13,14 #12. After reading all your materials, identify at least 3 policies which promote positive pupil behaviour. For each policy explain what procedures a school would follow. Use Elliot Park as an example, or a school in which you have had experience.

This is because there could be an unexpected or surprise element that one could never foresee. Indeed, testers and psychologists are forever preparing test like situations that seek to get inside us and make us divulge our secret fears, weaknesses and apprehensions.

One of the most important functions that the FASB serves is formulating the generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). The accounting profession is self-regulated and accountants depend on the generally accepted accounting principles to guide their work.

In addition, variance is always determined after the real outcome is realized. It is a management tool used by managers to evaluate the progress of various organizational projects, whether they are in line with the budgeted plan (Drury, 2007). Variance can be reported as either favorable or unfavorable (adverse).

Adjusting lower cost or market inventory on valuation The lower cost or market is an inventory valuation method used by accountants in order to comply with the conservatism principle. The conservatism principle states that when in doubt accountants must choose the method that is least likely to overstate assets and income.

Over the years, experts have come up with various portfolios in order to allow the investors and observers to determine, manage and minimize the risk associated with certain investments. Standard deviation is one of those tools, which are used widely for risk management of investment portfolios (Crouhy, Galai & Mark, pp, 44-45, 2006; Martellini, Priaulet & Priaulet, pp.

A conceptual framework is developed from the existing theories. Based upon this an exploratory research is done and along with the subjective belief on the concerned topic a conceptual framework is made by the researcher. Several theoretical frameworks are made after the financial crisis of 1929 and also after the recent financial crisis.

In terms of value the amount of stake sold culminates to around ? 30 million that would in turn assist Innocent in its expansionary moves to European regions. On the other hand Coca Cola gained an interest in gaining stake of the natural drink company in that the company focuses on enhancing its product portfolio through the incorporation of products like fruit juices and smoothie.

These considerations include tax advantages, investors’ requirements, risk of bankruptcy, and cost of capital among many others. The issues that are established in the analysis are used to make recommendations on the most suitable capital structure and payout policy.

Wal-Mart believes in providing extensive variety of products and services at every day low price (EDLP) and hence its target market includes people belonging to middle or lower middle classes. The inventory of Wal-Mart increased by 10.7% from $36.437B in 2011 to $40.714B in 2012 (Wal-Mart, 2012).

The information and data offered by environmental accounts are resolved to be in association to the involvement of natural resources in economic progress, and costs incurred, as a result, of resource degradation or pollution. Over the years, there has been increasing significance of business ethics and ethical resolution making, due to demands placed on business administrators by creditors, stockholders and other stakeholders affected by operations and financial performance of these businesses (Farouk, Cherian & Jacob 2012, p.

With fast changing preferences of customers, the short life cycle of products have necessitated creative approach to manage inventory and supply chain to not only compete successfully but also to ensure continued customers’ loyalty.

76). However, it is not always that the resources invested will realize a gain. There are many hazards associated with the resources invested; hence the resources invested may reduce in value below the original savings. Although many investors are aware that the value of their assets may decline over time, they have no capacity to predict the future of their savings in regard to whether they will experience a decrease or an increase in value (Sharpe 2007, p.

Banks obtain funds through deposits and borrowings from other banks. The earn money by giving loans and earning interest on them. Purpose The main function of commercial banks in Australia is to ensure that a smooth flow of money is available to the private individuals so they can continue operating their business.

According to Dunham-Taylor & Pinczuk (2004), private facilities appear much expensive to middle class citizens when compared to public facilities. In the US, majority of middle-class citizens use public facilities when seeking healthcare services. This is because subsidies in public facilities cushion the citizens against the financial implications caused by the rise in cost of healthcare (Finkler, Ward & Calabrese, 2012).

Jim’s loan will affect the direct variable and fixed costs of production. This will have many serious effects and challenges for the stakeholders. Bank which is the investor as they are lending money to Jill for buying the wood-turning equipment will be highly affected by the success or failure of this project.

page 2 Concentration of Banks in UAE………………………………………………… page 2 Importance of real estate in UAE………………………………………………. Page 3 Find the ratio of household debt/household disposable income in UAE….

Average Costs and Variable Costs as Performance Measures According to Pride, Hughes and Kapoor (2012), Cost Accounting involves such processes as the collection, analysis, summary, and evaluation of certain courses of action in order to offer invaluable advice to the management on the best way to act regarding cost efficiency versus capability.

It was expected by the Australia’s Future tax System Review that the new taxation charges would help in the improvement of the taxation system prevailing in the country and thus also help the mining industries to revive. RSPT is a neutral tax that will set a new benchmark for the resource taxation.

g as per IAS 39- Evidence Supporting Legitimacy Theory 41 3.4.1 Tesco Plc 42 3.4.2 Sainsbury Plc 43 3.4.3 Waitrose Plc 43 3.5. Summary of Results 44 References 47 Bibliography 56 Chapter 1: Literature Review Pownall and Schipper (1999) stated that financial statements are considered to be of high quality if they possess full disclosure, transparency and comparability.

35 % of Depreciation of machine = $270000 55 % of Engineering = $100000 Receivable = $20000 Packing and shipping= $60000 Handling =$200000 Maintenance = $30000 Labor set up = No. of hours spend on work by LPh = 168 x 16 =2688 Total Cost = $(30,000+200,000+60,000+20,000+100,000+270,000+2,688) = $ 68,2688 Thus total run labor = Cost of labor per hour by total run labor hours Hence = ($16 x 9,725 hrs) = $155, 600 Since (total overhead cost/total run labour) is equal to predetermined over head rate then POR= {Total overhead cost / Total Run labor} POR= ${68, 2688/ 155, 600) = 4.39% In order to determine manufacturing overhead we calculate; = Direct labor X 439(16lph X Run labor hours per unit) h

To withstand the risks that face the companies also, there is often the use of various risk management strategies that often target the risks at their formative stages so that they do not cause havoc to the companies (Ammar et al ,2001). Studies have actually indicated that the more competitive and strategic a company is, the more likely it is that it would gain competitive advantage to become a preferred choice for the available customers who may all be seeking to undertake the same form of transactions from among a group of alternative companies (Baldassare, 2008).

The author states that the financial reporting disclosure requirements and norms need to respond according to the changes like breaking down of items in the report to providing more detailed disclosures of the items like disclosure of assumptions, sources of estimation, models used, alternative measurement bases etc.

Penny Company and Macy’s Inc. for the financial years ending 2010, 2011, and 2012. Table 1: Net income (in million of $) for J.C. Penny Company and Macy’s Inc for 2010, 2011, 2012 Company 2010 2011 2012 J.C. Penny Company 389 (152) (985) Macy’s Inc 847 1256 1335 The following is the graph of the companies’ net incomes Graph 1: Net incomes The two companies’ net incomes show opposite trends.

In common financial reporting, the assets in the current assets part of the balance sheet should be listed starting with the most liquid to the least liquid form of current assets. In this case, cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid current asset, followed by short-term investments, and assets held for sale are the least liquid current assets.

It is those cave paintings that were studied by the historian that gave the information about the way of life and its various elements in the undiscovered years of mankind. A study into the history of human civilisation till the present time would reveal that people from every period of time has left their mark with and into certain form which could tell the unadulterated story of that particular time.

The purpose of this research is to study the effect of ex-dividend declaration on stocks listed in India. This will help in analysing the efficiency of the Indian Stock Market. In addition, it will also provide food for thought to the policy makers in order to increase the market efficiency and thereby capital inflows.

They need to address the societal thoughts while developing strategic plans. But this implementation of new ideas is not easy as it is not just a single new constraint, in fact a whole lot of new constraints, restricting companies to stop doing a lot of things which they are used to in a global competitive market.

 Finance Table of Content Answer 1 3 Answer 2 6 Reference 11 Appendix 11 Answer 1 This is a business plan of a new franchisee development of an ice cream company Cool Moose Creamery which is a one year young company located in Alliston, Ontario. The franchise will be set up in a city in United Kingdom.

Different research studies have been conducted in order to identify and explore the relationship between the monetary policy and stock market. The central bank has always been under pressure to come up with appropriate monetary policy in order to regulate inflation and output gap in the economy.

The procedure ensures constant engagement with the stakeholders like investors, analysts, regulators, business leaders, accounting standard-setters and the professional accountants and auditors at national and international levels

The banking sector also had to undergo significant pressure on investment and security portfolios, tumbling real estate market and non-availability of adequate funds to allocate loans as per the market requirements. Since the year 2005 to 2007, the banking sectors in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been observed to accumulate a significant growth which further declined substantially in 2008 (Mehta, 2012).

Starting from the small retail divisions, entrepreneurs tend to strengthen their base and then expand their sectors of business into diversified areas. Investing in the expanding businesses of any retail industry tends to be profitable for the entrepreneurs.

They employ over 55,000 people and are the second largest stock market listed tobacco group in the world (British American Tobacco). According to their official website British American Tobacco mainly deal in products that utilize tobacco as their key ingredient.

It therefore enables borrowers and savers to meet in the most efficient manner. It is also fundamental to note that this market facilitates economic transactions by hedging and trading in resources and goods. An efficient financial market will enable capital allocation to investments that provide maximum return.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Absorption Costing System. [online] Available at < http://www.accountingformanagement.com/advantages_and_disadvantages_of_absorption_costing.htm > [Accessed 25 December 2011] 12 Charles T. Horngren, Srikant M. Datar, George Foster, 2007.

According to the report a stock market can be said efficient if the market reflects all the information available to all the investors. If the market is efficient then all the investors would get profit from the stock market. But this doesn’t happen actually. The stock market is inefficient in the reality.

The method is applied on a set of simultaneous equation. The simultaneous equations were found to be over identified. The co-integration test was run through the reduced form equation. The short as well as the long run properties of the equation were analyzed with the vector error correction model and forecast error decomposition analysis.

This assignment will discuss the 9/11 attacks on U.S. and how they influenced the foreign policy of the United States. Moreover, the paper will lay emphasis on how the 9/11 attacks affected global finance in the United States. In a special way, the paper will look into the impacts of the terrorist attacks on the GDP, fiscal and monetary policies, investments, and the balance of trade.

As a result, the company is made of shareholders who own equity and long term and short-term sources of finance. Depending on the capital structure of the company, its financial leverage is affected and because of this most companies prefer using equity and long term debt in most cases depending on their financial performance.

Gentiva Health services group is not an exception to this rule. Based on revenue, it is the largest national provider of hospice care and home health services in America (Gentiva Health Services, n.d). These services are provided across 41 states. Owing to its complex nature of management, the company requires proper accounting practices coupled with efficient financial performance evaluation.

FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING ESSAY Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Introduction 3 Assets 3 Use of Technology and Revenue Generation 4 Asset Valuation 5 Source of Funds 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction Ford Motor Company is one of the leading automobile manufacturing companies of the world which was founded by Henry Ford in the year 1909 (Yahoo Finance, 2012).

Treatment of intangible assets in the financial statements of IHG and its compliance with the International Accounting Standards (IAS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are also covered in this context. Important Financial Ratios Various financial ratios are calculated for the year ending 31st December 2011 along with the ratios for the year 31st December 2010 for the purpose of comparison, and the changes during 2011 over the previous year are given which could be useful in evaluating the performance.

Accounting plays a significant role in a business entity; it is prepared by the company to inform the public of the company’s performance and progress, which attracts more potential investors to the company to inject more capital and enhance the growth of the enterprise (Deegan and Unerman, 2009).

However many managers face a lot of pressure to shift from earnings management to fraudulent management behaviors. Using qualitative research methods this paper examines earnings management continuum from legitimacy to fraud by using a case study. Key words: earnings, fraud, management and qualitative.

The financial crisis in the global context started during the year 2007 and gradually became a severe one with the incidents such as the fall of Lehman Brothers, in September 2008. It can also be observed that in most of the global nations such as Canada, Australia and Singapore, the economic downturn was also very influential.

The statement was based on an assessment report that exposed that losses by clubs had increased by 2 percent to approximately €1.68 billion in 2011. According to the Telegraph Sport (2013), an assessment of the finances of approximately seven hundred clubs released by the Uefa indicated a reduction of 2011 sales of €13.2 billion by €9.4 billion expenditure on players and salaries.