Finance & Accounting Essays

Accountants and Management Accountants. Accounting is a continuous process in all business entities. It is applied in every operation within an entity or organisation so as to determine its progress in relation to its making profit. This should be done at the end of each period as determined by the entity.

Finance and Accounting Name of Author Author’s Affiliation Author Note Author note with more information about affiliation, research grants, conflict of interest and how to contact Part 1: 1. SFAS No. 141R is a revision of the standard that continues to be a tool which helps in the better use of fair values in monetary reporting.

Microsoft Corporation is a company that faces both opportunities and threats in the digital market. Microsoft has various opportunities in the global, digital market. For instance, the company has the potential of developing an integrated, Personal Computer-Phone –television gadget.

The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants (ACCA) is an international body that offers qualifications for to people who want to make a career on professional accountancy and finance (Page, 2002). For one to pursue a career on accounts as chartered certified accountants, they need to register and be members of ACCA.

Moral hazard, in some if not all quarters, has been the story most people blame for the financial crisis as greedy bankers and institutions run away with billions of taxpayers’ money. It is the failure to monitor and control financial institutions by governments that has resulted in the financial meltdown that has seen most economies around the world suffer.

Thus, CAPM predicts that the risk that faces businesses is the market or systematic hazard, which is unavoidable. The market risk in unavoidable because it affects all businesses simultaneously, meaning that companies cannot diversify their products and services to avoid the hazard.

The author of the paper states that financial fraud demeans investor confidence in financial reporting and lowers the efficiency of corporate governance. A financial statement fraud refers to an intentional misrepresentation of financial information that the corporation presents to the public.

The products offered by the company are electronic and electrical appliances which include television, refrigerator, air conditioners, washing machines, calculators, semi conductors and digital media.

In accordance with numerous researches in the field of DFT, local approximations can be yielded to the XC energy. Nevertheless, it is relevant to note that widely used local approximations were found in the homogeneous electron gas (HEG) model (Parr and Weitao, 1994).

Academic discourse on the topic has often been framed within the polarised international relations theory paradigms of neo-liberalism versus realism (Randin, 2006). This paper critically evaluates the fundamental elements underlying traditional and contemporary international relations and considers which theoretical model is more persuasive.

Generally for publicly traded stocks the process of comparing the stock’s performance can be done much easier than a non public company. Traditionally individuals looking to invest in publicly traded company investors can use the price earnings ratio and eps.

The last traded price of the stock of Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is $53.19 on 29th August, 2011. The price of the stock at the same point last year was $50.55. The price has shown an increase of 5.22% in the past one year. During the year the stock has been at a high of $57.57 and a low of $48.41.

These decisions have a direct impact in the future profitability of the firm. These decisions cam also change the risk profile of the firm. For example, the firm may decide to invest the funds in an unrelated industry. As a result of this the firm will be able to diversify its risk.

The bank’s formation took place in 1870 amidst economic turbulence. It is at this period in time when socio- economic transformation was radically taking place and industrialization was at the helm. The major driving force to its formation was the dire financial needs that the industries demonstrated.

By systematically using different ratios, an analyst can actually get an insight into the overall performance of the firm while at the same time highlighting the areas where further improvements are required. Financial ratios can be placed in different categories and an analyst can easily calculate different ratios falling in each category to better understand the performance indicators and also suggest a course of action required to improve the situation.

Knowing Your Company: I believe that it is highly important for a candidate to know about his potential employers. For this purpose, one must do a little research before making a final move for the interview. Without handful information, it would be impossible to deliver the right message to your employer.

Based on the activity based costing (ABC) method, the company should increase the number of department stores, as part of its expansion strategy (Chakraborty, 2004). This is because, unlike the direct simple costing method, the activity based costing (ABC) has a higher level of accuracy.

The assumption is that dividends not paid are reinvested by the company to generate more profit, thus higher stock values” (Dividend Irrelevance Theory n.d.). Different scholars have different opinions regarding dividend irrelevance and dividend relevance.

This decision of the corporation is regarded as a financing decision. Dividends can be handed over in terms of cash as well as stock or property. In a scenario of cash dividend declaration, the funds depart from the company in an irretrievable and permanent manner.

ii. Identify the auditor firm and the audit partner for each of the five years. If there have been changes in the audit firm and audit partner during this time comment on the financial reporting implications. During 2007 till 2009 Mark & Co as auditor and N A Calder1 as the partner provided auditing services to company.

Proper evaluation of the investment proposals is very important. Various capital budgeting theories have been discussed in this study. Moreover, Mergers and Acquisitions are quite common in today’s globalised economy. Corporate valuation of the assets of a company in a takeover process is also very important and has been included in this study.

Mark and Todd are the owners of the company. They both have been successfully running the company and were successful in generating wealth for its shareholders. It recorded a net profit of $1,845,242 in the year 2011. Out of this the company distributed $560,000 as dividends for its shareholders.

To make the achievability of the report’s aim feasible, a number of methods of analysis were used. Collectively, the methods of analysis can be grouped as being qualitative and quantitative. Specifically however, financial ratio trends and industry comparatives, capital spending, stock growth, credit rating service valuations, bond rating valuations among others were all catered for.

On the other hand, small community banks are called so because they do most of their business in local communities where they are operating. Hein et al (2003) assert that they depend more on ‘relationship banking’ at the local levels. They constitute almost 94 percent of all banks in the nation.

To align executive and shareholder’s interest. 2. To make the economic structure the most valuable one for the uses of assets by transferring the assets to the operator who can use them more efficient. 3. To increase the economic scale of management through the identical management function, which leads by merger and acquisition (Srivastava and Mushtaq, 2011).

In such a transaction wherein actual cash was received and SEM chose to recognize the cash inflow as capital, the tax law provides that this be considered as ordinary income. Division 6 – Assessable Income and Exempt Income, Section 6.5, states that Australian residents’ ordinary income are assessed whether derived from within Australia

It is a method through which an organization creates specific routes for attaining organizational success. It even assists in controlling an organization and it helps the management in identifying flow of finances within an organization and it even helps in determining the issues and challenges faced by different departments within the organization and helps in finding a solution to the problems faced.

When no regulations exist, it translates to mean that the government has given reign of the market to the business community. In this situation, the market tends to operate without any government oversight. However, in the pro-regulation scenario, a set of policies are enacted by the government that seek to influence, or rather control, the behaviour of persons, firms or organisations in relation to the economy.

The analysis is made in two parts. 1. Analysis of financial performance based on the results for the year and the overall position of the company in relation to the industry and the previous year 2010 and 2. Treatment of intangible assets in the books of accounts and the financial statements.

The German people were apprehensive at the beginning of losing the stable DM and acquiring a currency that had high inflation rates. This skepticism has gradually disappeared, and the currency has come to be viewed as stable. The financial crisis of 2008, however, led to a questioning of the stability of the Euro as a stable monetary system.

Subsequent presentation of the audit report to the user acts as an assurance service for the user to make decisions based on the audit results. Auditor report is the essential tool in financial reporting. Many third-party users require financial information certification by independent external auditor in order to attract investors.

Thus, revenue is a financial value that emerges from company’s operation (Investopedia). Radio Shack is a consumer electronic retailer. In this case under revenue, we consider the amount of money it received during the fiscal 2010 year including discounts and deductions for returned merchandizes.

(Amazon, 2013). On the contrary, Ebay operate in the online industry and it was established in 1995 with its headquarters are in the United Stated at California. The company operates globally and offers numerous online products and services such computers, vehicles, equipments including some miscellaneous items (Ebay Inc, 2013).

Governments have minimized this bias by giving their central banks a legal independence. The flat money system adoption has resulted to the present rise in the inflation rate of many countries. The rise in inflation tends to differ from one nation to the other.

It is providing, retail, commercial and investment banking services to its customers. Barclays have an extensive network of branches and ATM machines so that they can cover a large area of customer market. Barclays also offer some personal banking services.

Mandatory auditor rotation is the act of compelling all financial organizations to adopt and engage a different auditor each financial year to avoid the preference of a single auditor. Often, the management prefers to hire the same auditors every year to ensure that they are able to manipulate them to provide audit results that conform to the will of the management (Chung 2004, p. 8).

Julian, Chief Executive Officer, has changed some of the previous accounting policies of the company and made some adjustments in order to boost up the earnings so that his share of profits can be increased. Upon careful observation of each accounting issue, the most likely correct treatment of every issue is discussed in the following paragraphs.

The author states that Islamic modes of finance can’t be marketed beyond the initial parties of the contract and are also non-callable – both these features protect the financial system from collapsing. Conventional bank lending is a pyramid-shaped chain where one party can further the loan attained from the bank.

(Belloni et al, 2005)This theory briefly states the following 1. Energy comes in tiny but distinct units and is never continuous. 2. The particles forming the energy unit acts as particles and waves. 3. The motions of these particles are haphazard. 4. The position and momentum of a particle cannot be measured at the same time.

The center is a complex web of various communications, which makes the functional perspective appealing for many care givers and service users. Without the structure of a schedule of activities, a newsletter, and an activity leader directing a member as to what may be next on the agenda; some clients may sit and do absolutely nothing.

Basically, even the ordinary people when thinking of payment people tend to worry so much. Money talk is really a very complex topic. There are so many things that you have to consider. There are lots of conditions that need to face. Balance of payment is a wide varying area that needs to discuss especially by the government.

Some of the disclosures in the annual report are mandatory and some of them are voluntarily disclosed. There are many users of the financial and accounting information who uses this information. The main users of the annual report and other voluntary disclosed information are shareholders, creditors, other investors, banks, investment analyst, government etc.

rs of the business entity about its financial information. The financial reports prepared in accordance with the accounting procedures followed can be used both internally within the business entity as well as externally. The former is known as management accounting and the later as financial accounting or reporting.

Usefulness of financial statements in decision making process Accounting is the process of representing financial information of any organization in the form of financial statements. Financial statements like balance sheet, profit and loss account, cash flow statements, etc.

Amazon has eluded charging sales tax from its clients. This has enabled it to offer products at cheaper prices than its international rival institutions and local stores. However, with the introduction of same day delivery method, the company will have to set up warehouses in many states and thus will have to collect sales tax from clients.

This study is focused on the role played by investment bankers in the IPO process of a company and how it functions during the issue of shares made by the companies to the public. Next, the various factors related to the selection of asset classes while constructing an investment portfolio has been discussed in this study.

individualism; power distance; uncertainty avoidance; masculinity/femininity; and time orientation goals. Hofstede has studied cultural similarities and differences in these dimensions and these have proven useful in determining how cross-cultural relations and communication may be facilitated so it becomes successful.

The accounting methods used for the government funds in the Harris county financial report is the accrual method. This is the main method of accounting used on all funds this is mainly because most of the expenditures and transactions are done over a given period of time and no definite dates can be quoted as would be the case in cash method.

Salsbury is a nationwide chain of supermarkets and it is evaluating whether it should start a new retail store on the outskirts of Dingwall or not and for this purpose, the report discusses the feasibility of the retail store. The management uses one of the most widely used project evaluation techniques, Net Present Value (NPV) to evaluate the feasibility of the project and then NPV of this retail store is compared with the other investment opportunity that Salsbury has.