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After recovering from “The great depression” The US enjoyed great economic development with increased government intervention as prescribed by “John Maynard Keynes” in his economic theory. But again in 1966, the US slipped into recession following a credit crisis and resulting deflation and huge economic slump.
The analysis conducted clearly indicates that Best Buy has been affected by the economic crisis and has a weak liquidity position. The debts are also comparatively higher. However, the company’s assets have grown and there is a lot of potentials. The increase in the number of stores, acquisition of major bodies indicates high earning capacity
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The conclusions from the Baumol-Tobin model might be a very truthful one, with implications for real-life situations, but the problem is that the assumptions being made in this regard are oversimplified in nature. The worst problem with the model is that there is no room for any uncertainties in the approach, which is the most unrealistic of its kind.
The scorecard of the company is mainly customer-centric assessing their satisfaction with the store services. This is a good measure and is sustainable as the continuity of a store depends upon how well it is able to cater to the needs of its customers. The demands of the customers must get utmost priority. So the scorecard rightfully captures the data needed for its survival.
Gross profit is what remains after the company pays out the cost of goods sold. In 2009, the gross profit margin is 26% and 35% in 2008 which is higher than Braemar's 25% in 2009. This ratio indicates that Amari will be able to pay its operating and other expenses. A gross profit ratio should not fluctuate much from one period to another.
The cost of financial intermediation according to Kunt et al (2002) is the function of the net interest margin of the banks and its overhead expenditures. The simplest definition of net interest margin is the sum of interest income minus the interest expenditures divided by interest-bearing assets (Kunt et al. 2003).
The author states that there are multiples reasons as to why the profit shown in the income statement may not be the same as the amount available in the company’s bank account to spend. The profit may be a positive figure but cash balance may be a negative figure. The word profit comes from a Latin word meaning ‘to make progress.’
The return on shareholder’s equity ratio is another important investment valuation ratio used by the investors to evaluate the profitability of the company and its ability to generate earnings by utilizing the capital invested by the equity shareholders. This ratio is considered as more meaningful to the investors.
The next German bank that is to be considered for this paper is the German Hypo Real Estate Bank. “Hypo Real Estate Group is headed by hypo real estate holding AG, a public company with headquarters in Munich, Germany, which is responsible for strategic guidance and acts as a gateway to equity and debt markets.”
The paper will deal with the comparison of the two companies and an attempt will be made to gain a better understanding of the different funding methods that are adopted by the companies. These companies have been chosen as both these companies have shown positive growth in the London markets.
The market for Islamic funds is considered lucrative and growing sectors in the financial markets of the world. The traditional markets have declined over the last few years due to recent credit crunch, however; the market for Islamic funds may not be entirely affected by the current market crisis due to the very nature of Islamic finance and its various instruments.
This paper explores the reasons for growth of FDI, and different venture options available to a firm. The paper differentiates horizontal FDI versus vertical FDI and goes on to elaborate specific features of three theories viz.: (a) market imperfections approach (b) product lifecycle theory, and (c) oligopolistic reactions.
The lack of the scrutiny in the U.S. financial institutions caused the asset securitisation crisis not only in the U.S., but it has also affected the entire world economy. Moreover, the experienced gained by the U.S. banks because of asset securitisation crisis, offer great learning opportunities to the financial institutions in the other economies
The main problem of the corporation is no standard to measure the efficiency of each department on a monthly basis. As explained by the consultant, though the sales budget, operation budget and the marketing expanse budget all are correctly planned, still the company failed to achieve its sales and profit target. This indicates that the plans were not well executed due to a lack of coordination among different departments.
When businesses promote their efforts at improving the social condition or changing the environment, they often publicise these activities in some form of corporate reporting. Corporate social responsibility involves a business having integrity, “thought to be one who will likely be honest and truthful; be fair, comply with laws, promote community interests and show consistency”.
It is important to understand that TATA has utilized its community service for its enlightened self-interest, however, it has been able to create value for itself. Corporate social responsibility, being a business strategy of responsibility towards a community, therefore, can further provide TATA a sustainable advantage over its competitors
The book value of a company indicates the total assets less intangible assets. This ratio helps us to understand where the company is undervalued or overvalued. At present, the ratio is less than one so the share is undervalued; it can be said with the passage of time, the market value of the share will increase and the investor will be benefited.
The accounting standard setters for both the United States and the United Kingdom have always implied that the stakeholders are the ones who should actually benefit from standards. However, both standard setters fell short “of giving a definition linked to the public interest” due in part to the changing definition of the ‘true and fair view’ phrase.
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The rates of tax for individual income tax are progressive and for individuals, they range from 10%-15%. The taxation of income for individuals uses the intermediate sum which is usually referred to as Adjusted Gross Income so that the two deduction types can be differentiated. That is a deduction for the Adjusted Gross Income.
The author states that although the concept has gained wide acceptance both in the academic world and in practice because of earlier studies that provide strong empirical support, it has been refuted by other scholars because of its weaknesses. These weaknesses commonly arise from the model's failure to explain the average returns.
Investment performance concurs with the instinctive risk status. Treasury bills have the least mean return value when they are compared with other types of investments in the shares and stocks of large companies. Since investors are indisposed towards risk they like to play safe by paying more for safety and earning less.
The cash flow statement shows the changes in the balance sheet items. They tell the investor how the company obtained its cash and how much cash was used, on a net basis, over a period of one year. Sources of cash are net profits and depreciation expenses, reduction in asset items and increases in the liability and equity items.
The current paper “Efficiency Performance in Indian Banking” focuses on the examination of the methods available for the evaluation of the performance of organizations of a particular character, i.e. banks. These institutions are differentiated from the other organizations operating in the market.
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The Murabaha is not a type of loan, but a deal. It’s mostly practiced currently as an agreement between a final buyer and a middleman (a trader). The final buyer uses the services of the middleman because he can’t or does not find the object himself, or because the middleman can obtain the object on better conditions, or purely as a financing tool.
All costs, legal fees, and other expenses incurred by the Vendor as a result of the Purchaser’s breach shall be recovered by the Vendor from the Purchaser. Similarly, any costs, legal fees, or other expenses incurred by the Purchaser as a result of the Vendor’s breach of the terms of this contract shall be recoverable by the Purchaser from the Vendor.
The firm can use its capital structure to influence the behaviour of its competitors, suppliers, and customers. A highly reputed firm can take advantage of its powerful position to command favourable deal from the suppliers. (Matsa, 2006). Capital is a strategic tool influencing the long term growth prospects of the company.
The author states that the bank was first formed through the Royal Bank of Scotland’s acquisition of the National Westminster Bank in February 2000. Due to the ‘credit crisis’ which has actually led to the collapse of the sub-prime market in America, HM treasury has taken over 70.33 % of the organization.
The author states that bank performance can be evaluated using published accounting data by calculating and analyzing key financial ratios for the bank. According to Myers and Brealey financial ratios enable an analyst to determine: how much a company has borrowed and whether the amount borrowed can lead the company to financial distress.
The theoretical and empirical literature on the impact of bank regulations, market structure and institutions on the cost of financial intermediation has been reviewed. The theoretical review shows three viewpoints in this regard. Though the empirical studies obtained mixed results in this regard, most results support the institutional view.
HSBC being one of the largest banks in the world, second after Citibank, continues to build its business by focusing on the faster growing market around the world and on businesses where international connectivity is important. As the present crisis has led to downfall, the HSBC strategy is intact to its performance overview and strategic activity.
The workforce in Starbucks is managed with a little difference. Work ethics is differentially applied to generate enthusiasm among employees. Employees are motivated through a good mixture of both financial and non-financial benefits. Performance-based pay encourages baristas to contribute in large measure to the success of the organization.
The crisis revealed the presence of a huge amount of Off-Balance Sheet entities. The OBSEs enable the financial institutions to shift the risk of the Balance Sheet thus making it undisclosed to the investors and the regulators. Such entities granted credit beyond their limit. The securitization further provided a surplus capital to the banks.
The details of a balance sheet may not be easily understood. It is the responsibility of an expert forensic accounting witness to ensure that the details are understood. For example, the details on how a balance sheet may be manipulated may not be obvious and thus, the use of a diagram that is well constructed could be better than the use of conventional question-answer method.
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The underlying truth behind budget is whatever precaution does the management adopt, there will always be a gap between the actual and perceived. While setting the budget for the future, management has to undertake historical data into consideration, but in the fast-changing globalized world, no one can predict what will happen in near future.
Google is unique in the sense that it allows its employees to spend a significant portion of their working hours to be spent on their personal schemes. This is also considered as an effort to bring in more creativity and innovation within the firm and bring in changes which can critically improve the overall brand image of the firm.
A normative accounting theory seeks to prescribe some basis of accounting measurement, particular accounting procedures and the contents of financial reports. On the other hand, positive accounting theory aims to explain why accounting is what it is, why accountants do what they do, and what effects these phenomena have on people and resource utilization.
The provision of information that is useful to the decision-making process is currently recognized as the main purpose of accounting information. The Trueblood Report identified 12 objectives of accounting information such as to provide information for economic decision-making, to predict cash flows.
Different companies follow different Debt/Equity ratio for their capital structure. A firm that relies more on the debt funds (like a bond) has higher financial leverage and it is considered riskier because the increase in the financial leverage leads to high risk and return and Earning per Share (EPS) also increases.
Like Pay Back period, Benefit-Cost ration is known by other names such as Profitability Index or Desirability Factor or Value Investment Ratio or Profit Investment Ratio. The selection criteria of this method are that the project is accepted if the Profitability Index is greater than one and rejected if the Profitability Index is less than one.
Accuracy entails objectivity, thus what is put in question is the objectivity of financial accounting. In the discussion herein presented, it is apparent that full objectivity is impossible to obtain. The various theories presented different ways of understanding the accounting activity, and in interpreting the information with which it deals.
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Statement of principle is likely to gain increasing importance in the future and therefore it has recently become a matter of debate among financial experts and companies. ‘Statement of principles’ is the standard conceptual framework that highlights the Financial Reporting Standard issued by the Accounting Standard Board.
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Though this study will be qualitative as well as quantitative in nature, however, the focus will be on determining the use of data warehousing for financial reporting purposes. In a sense, this study will attempt to provide new practical tools to the managers to monitor the performance of the firms in real-time situations.
Key performance indicators play a crucial role in determining your bank's level of performance. Key Performance Indicator may either be financial or non-financial and should be designed in such away to suit the bank's working framework, goals and objectives. Key Performance indicators can vary from one bank to another due to different management approaches.
Even after nations acquired independence, globalization continued to generate trade between investors and foreign countries, whereby the less developed countries were supported by the developed nations to acquire materials and equipment to utilize the available natural resources for economic development.
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Bonds are senior insofar as equities are concerned, which means that in case of bankruptcy of a firm they have the first priority and equities follow in the claim. Thus, equities are residual claims after loans. At the same time, bonds, as well as other contractual obligations, have been catered for in a claim.
This approach is only used if the company uses fixed assets to produce income. The approach takes root from the market data approach since it involves an analysis of what the current market is paying. This is arrived at by determining comparable returns which the evaluator should capitalize into the comparable purchase price of the asset.
The CAPM on its part enables the investor to make inferences about the required return on his/her investment. However, both portfolio theory and the CAPM are based on underlying assumptions that may flaw their relevance to investors. For example, the CAPM assumes that each investor holds the market portfolio, which may not be the case in real life.
In particular, the researcher considered the concepts of financial planning and budgeting, performed vertical and horizontal analysis of the financial statements as well as computed the financial ratios that could help management, investors and creditors in understanding the operational viability and health of the organization.
The external performance of the bank is evaluated based on different factors. The three main indicators include market share, regulatory compliance, and public confidence. The regulatory compliance is analyzed in terms of capital, lending, and securities of the bank whereas, the public confidence can be analyzed through deposit insurance and public image.
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The author states that international acquisitions increase the complexity for multinationals. Reasons such as these create an environment which requires a set of internationally accepted reporting principles. These international accounting standards can increase understanding, reliability, and comparability, for shareholders and analyst worldwide.