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“The primary function of inventory is to serve the customer. The inventory may be finished goods, MRO items, or service parts that are carried in a distribution system.” (Toomey, 2000) Almost each and every manufacturing company carries stock and inventory in various forms such as raw materials, Work in progress and finished goods.
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The symptoms of growth, though very slow, but have been witnessed in the last quarter of the year 2009, where the economy expanded by 0.1%, which can easily be neglected when the real growth is measured i.e. in comparison with population growth; the economy is only considered growing when the growth rate exceeds the population growth rate.
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In view of the evaluation and analysis of the applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, as these pertain to the facts at issue, the conclusion is that the gain from the distribution of the property of Subsidiary Corporation to Parent Corporation should not be recognized for income tax purposes.
Since the beginning of the 20th century, Antitrust Acts have been prevalent in the United States. The most important act is the Sherman Antitrust Act in 1890. According to the Sherman Antitrust Act, it is illegal to form a cartel, fix prices and allocate territories, and also to attempt to monopolize trade.
The level of syndicated loans in the US could be used in order to understand the characteristics of US banks’ strategic choices. Syndicated loans ‘allow the sharing of credit risk between various financial institutions without the disclosure and marketing burden that bond issuers face’ (Gadanecz, 2004, p.77).
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Managerial Accounting in Complex Organizations
Contemporary developments in the organization and technology of manufacturing and in the deregulation of service industries are generating demand for entirely new approaches to cost accounting and
It seems that Morris Capital need to trade-off between the risk associated with different investment options and the rate of return offered by them. Management should pay more attention to passive investment instruments because the market conditions are improving, and hence these investments will offer a fair and steady return.
Performance-related pay has the potential to increase employee satisfaction and productivity if the design is appropriate and if regularly maintained. Employees know that attention to detail and increased productivity may result in casual incentives due to their inexact timing and unexpected nature they are complemented with other incentives to be effective.
In a capitalist society, investors have immense power. Their decisions, however, are based on the amount and quality of information they possess. Therefore we can say that information sharing plays a central role in today’s world. There are many organizations and set of principles which ensure that information is available to all stakeholders.
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in particular, the Saudification of banks ensures that the local banking industry is protected from the entry of not only Western conventional banks but also Islamic banks based in other Arab countries, because of the need to comply with the 60% Saudi ownership requirement.
Having knowledge about Islamic finance is quite necessary from the perspective of financial stability. The fact has been established by the recent economic downturn. While the conventional banking system was in a severe trembled situation, Islamic banking has left its mark with the stable operational activities.
In any case, investors are free to set the criteria on which their choice on a particular fund will be based; the relevant choice would be also based on criteria of different type like ‘the investor’s goals, philosophies and risk tolerances’ (Darst, 2007, 455) while the quality of ‘information on the practice of asset allocation’.
The data on the bank failure indicate one important aspect of the phenomenon discussed above i.e. most of the banks that failed were those with low deposit and asset base. Low asset base, therefore, does not provide the direct cushion against the losses and recurring losses can, therefore, erode the equity of the bank and result into the failure.
Life is an unpredictable journey to move on. One can only expect things to happen but it is very difficult to things will always happen in the same way. This is the most important reason why financial planning is necessary for life. It is the elementary roadmap to meet one’s financial and lifestyle goals.
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The Islamic banks are engaged in different types of businesses related to banking activities. In general, they are found to be involved in personal banking, corporate banking, private banking, investment banking, and institutional banking. These banks are quite different in their business approach as compared to the traditional banks.
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When entrepreneurs draw up a business plan and try to get under way, the first hurdles they face are the procedures required to incorporate and register the new firm before they can legally operate. Economies differ greatly in how they regulate the entry of new businesses. In some, the process is straightforward and affordable.
The assets in the portfolio are 35% in UK Equities, 20% in overseas equities, 15% in UK corporate bonds, 20% in UK Government Bonds, 5% in commercial property and 5% in cash and short term instruments. But as evident, the market is in a completely different direction in 2010, from what it was in 2009.
Ratio Analysis is an important tool to convert the financial statements of companies into common statements and to assess the performance of the company over a period of years. This allows us to see the financial trend of a company. This also allows us to look at various aspects of the company, such as Profitability, Liquidity, Financial Leverage and how well is it carrying out its operations.
One way to save money is to do services that many people pay others to do yourself. For example, you could clean your own clothes instead of paying someone to do it at a laundry. You could also change the oil in your car instead of paying someone to do it. A second way to save money is to avoid restaurants.
Discounted Payback period is the amount of time required to recover the initial outlay cost with the investments discounted cash flows. The lesser the time required to recover; the more desirable is the project. Net Present Value is the difference between the present values of the cash inflows and outflows.
In the course of analyzing the various internal and external variables and relating them to the banking institution’s performance, there must be a construct by which the logical relationships of these explanatory variables (financial ratios and macroeconomic indicators) may be related to the dependent variable (profitability).
Dr. Nurul Islam, Emeritus Research Fellow at the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) has once said that three factors stood out in the successful implementation of economic reforms; Conviction, consensus and commitment, and competence (Montek Ahluwalia, Some Lessons from Economic Reforms in India, 2004).
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The author states that it must be understood that banks work for itself, for the customers and for the economy. It is then important to understand how banks work, the purposes it serves in the economy and the significant role it plays in enhancing macroeconomic stability.
There are various implications of active and passive investment approaches. An active investment approach requires the deliberate decision-making of a fund manager, who analyzes the market, forecasts where each asset appears to be going, and making custom decisions about which to buy, hold or sell and at what prices.
Also known as the Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act or the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act, SOX was enacted in the United States of America as a reaction to numerous major scandals that affected at least five companies. The high profile scandals in Tyco International led to the enactment.
Governments and non-profit organizations do not have services or products that are judged by the bottom-line profits to shareholders or the commercial marketplace as noted by Siegel and Shim (2006). Rather, governmental bodies and non-profit organizations are organized by constituents to provide specific services.
The constitution of the various committees especially the audit committee is considered as more powerful as compared to the audit committee of a building society. Since the scope of the audit committee of an investment bank is much higher it is therefore often assumed that the audit committee has the more role and power while overseeing the audit functions in the investment banks offering mortgages.
Also, here the amount repayable is fixed beforehand and the interest levels that need to be paid are also fixed. Compared to equity financing this form of financing provides the businesses with a higher level of freedom and ability to invest and grow the business. The obligations of debt are limited to the period and which there is no claim that can be made by the lender on the business.
In view of the recent financial crisis, the most affected of all is the securities market. The industry is taking preventive steps while initiating some radical changes and at the same time investing in new opportunities. The securities market has raised concerns about the methods related to the processing of cash transactions.
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This research takes the form of an industry study that is undergoing a major strategic shift. The Islamic banking system is graduating from a lower level of operations – that of individual organic growth – to one that is sophisticated, consolidated, and with the potential scope and power of a major multinational institution.
Tax is the lifeblood of the country.” Stipulated by Baron Bedesky (2008, pp. 4-5), taxes are the tools used by the government in order to provide public services to its constituents, who were the primary sources of taxes themselves. In the process of taxation, hence, popular participation is essential.
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This criterion refers to the ease of use and is contrasted with complexity. Complexity may be associated with the need to perform many steps and a complicated procedure as preliminary to availing of the service. This may include the registration procedure, for instance, where the customer is asked to fill up a form with his or her personal data.
International Accounting Standard means a set of standards stating how the transaction and events should be shown in the statement of Finance. After 2000, new standards multiplied, named as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).
The investment appraisal technique involves analyzing, reviewing and implementing the investment proposals that are in line with the goals of the business. The managers must ideally use the technique that considers the time value aspect in the cash flows and recognizes the risk inherent in a project by using the appropriate discounting rate.
As it is not possible to forecast the future the investors must assign strategic weights to the various asset classes. This tactical allocation of the weights is based on the investment objective as well as the maturity of the fund. A pension fund with a higher proportion of the active members over the retired members has a long term investment horizon.
Explanation of today’s banking crisis, that blame “deregulation” are probably most misguided. The Fact is, The Commercial Banking and thrift industries remains the most regulated sectors of the US economy, and the historical trend has been for government to increase its intervention in these industries—withstanding occasional superficial changes in the rules by which the industries must operate.
The method of finding out the best strategy is not very reliable as this ignores various significant factors. Moreover, the assumption on which factors such as average customers, revenue, and the number of branches are deduced is highly subjective as it is a mere estimate and is not based on any logical reasoning.
It is quite essential to state that the MPT, CAPM and APT have found useful application in the field of investments and portfolio management. Portfolio theories’ holistic approach to risk and return have brought a conceptual shift from single-stock choices to comprehensive management of risk and return.
There are also several other deficiencies in the accounting system such as treatment of bad debts, stock option plan treatment, and the existence of deferred taxes. A new metric that is better suited to evaluate the performance of companies is EVA. EVA can be used to calculate the economic profits of a business.
What is critical to understand that the mechanics behind this type of derivatives virtually forced banks and other financial institutions to neglect the impact that they can exert over the economy and its relative health.(Gilani,2008).
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The US Constitution confers upon Congress the authority to levy taxes and in times of emergency, the authority to levy direct taxes. However, throughout most the 1800s, the congressional authority to collect taxes on income from individuals and entities was challenged.
The operating cost of the company is also very high as is evident from the operating ratio which is more than one at 1.36. It is important that the company exercises control over its operating expenses if it wants to attain profitability. Another crucial area where the company needs to work is towards improving its net margins.
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From the above analysis, it is evident that at times higher expenses mean better revenues since they may be a result of expansion programs. Further, heteroskedasticity test showed that the chi-square values are big indicating heteroskedasticity is a problem and thus normality tests could not be performed.
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Financial statements need to be interpreted properly to give out a better understanding and meaning. Proper economic decisions are taken after these interpretations of financial statements. Many different measures can be adopted to interpret financial statements and one way is to conduct ratio analysis.
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Using interest rate swaps involve the exchanging of one stream of cash flows against others as investors can swap different cash flows based on the fixed as well as floating rates. The obvious advantage of using Swaps is the fact that they can be tailor-made and can exactly suit the specific and individual needs of the investors.
The author states that government agencies and economists around the world are putting all the efforts to mitigate the adverse impacts that have put the future of the entire world at stake. In order to minimize the influence and impacts of the world's economy, researchers are working to find out the basic grounds, causes, and the dangers.
For every company, it is needed to assess whether a proposed investment project is feasible or not. An objective and systematic framework for this purpose are known as project appraisal. One of the most important and difficult component of project appraisal process is considered to be risk analysis, which increases the validity of investment decisions.
Under conditions of capital rationing, the corporation has less money to invest than the total capital requirements of all the alternative projects with positive net present values under the firm’s consideration. Therefore, some projects that should be accepted are excluded because financial capital is rationed.
Best Buy Incorporated deals with consumer electronics and has a huge customer base. As the name indicates, Best Buy focuses on providing customers with electronic products at affordable prices and of high quality. The company trades in NYSE (company code: BBY). The Annual Report of the company in 2009 is examined to analyse the financial position and performance of Best Buy.
Gross Profit is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost of goods sold. The cost of goods sold includes all the direct – fixed and direct – variable unit costs that are incurred in manufacturing the product or providing the service. This is a very important measure of the profitability of a company as it expresses the number of funds that are available to be spent on the overheads required for the functioning of the company.