Finance & Accounting Essays

Return on sales measures the company’s ability to earn profit given its sales. Among the above companies, Company B is seen to have earned more net profit from its sales, therefore, its return to sales is 7.89%, whereas company C and A have 5.71% and 5.08% respectively. Return on assets measures the company’s ability to earn profit by utilizing its assets (fixed and current assets).

There are both risks and rewards attached to the process of online stock investment. The retail investor, who is usually investing his hard-earned savings, is indeed very vulnerable. He/she should look at various information sources with a degree of skepticism, as frauds and scams are commonplace on the Internet.

The author states that it was the year 1961, under the leadership of President John F. Kennedy; the world came perilously close to a deadly confrontation between the two major powers. The Soviet Union was under the leadership of Nikita Khrushchev. Lying only 145 km from the coast of the USA, Cuba had always been of concern to the United States.

Takaful is an alternative to conventional insurance in Islamic finance (Ayub, 2008, p. 68). As in the case of other financial activities mentioned above, insurance activities also have special characteristics in Islamic fiancé. Takaful obeys the Islamic laws and it was come into existence the Islamic community, more than a thousand years before.

From the above analysis, it is evident that at times higher expenses mean better revenues since they may be a result of expansion programs. Further, heteroskedasticity test showed that the chi-square values are big indicating heteroskedasticity is a problem and thus normality tests could not be performed.

The operating cost of the company is also very high as is evident from the operating ratio which is more than one at 1.36. It is important that the company exercises control over its operating expenses if it wants to attain profitability. Another crucial area where the company needs to work is towards improving its net margins.

The level of syndicated loans in the US could be used in order to understand the characteristics of US banks’ strategic choices. Syndicated loans ‘allow the sharing of credit risk between various financial institutions without the disclosure and marketing burden that bond issuers face’ (Gadanecz, 2004, p.77).

The author states that the Canadian subsidiary of Molson Coors Brewing Company is a part-owner of Brewers Retail Inc., operator of Ontario's The Beer Store retail chain. According to the Molson Coors website, Molson Coors Brewing Company is the fifth-largest brewer by volume with 48.3 million hectolitres or 41.2 million barrels sold in 2005.

The paper "Southeast Asia Forestry-Fruit Industry Investment" is an outstanding example of a finance and accounting case study. The report provides an evaluation and analysis of the Southeast Asia forestry-fruit industry direct investment in Malaysia. The large market size and availability of cheap labor are viable to the development of the company in Malaysia.

The current ratio of 2:1 and a quick ratio of 1:1 is considered optimum for any industry. The liquidity position of Cables and Wires Plc was very delicate in 2007 with its current ratio at 0.67:1 and a quick ratio at 0.66:1. This situation worsened in 2008 when its current ratio came down to 0.45:1 and 0.44:1 respectively.  

In summary, fair value measurement has greatly evolved from the time it was first introduced to the present time. This evolution has been spearheaded by IASB in its desire to ensure that entities will present a more realistic financial report. This evolution, however, has not prevented critics to voice out their concerns on fair value measurement.

The focus of the management accounting is mainly internal reporting of the various activities. Modern-day management accounting plays a very significant role in both planning and control decisions. Hence in the process of decision making the management accountant has to make a number of realistic and logical assumptions.

With the British Industry officially entering a recession in 2008, it has become evident to economists that the nation is far from the rhetoric of the 1980s proclaiming a supply-side miracle and a return to the global prowess of an earlier period of time. Price levels under an oligopoly market are implicit in the discussion of profitability.   

The future outlook also looks grave with falling ARPU levels and growing interest costs on debts as the credit markets are dwindling and the company’s operating activities are dependent on external debt possibilities. The net profit margins are very low in spite of high gross margins indicating lower operating efficiencies of the firm.

The regulated sectors like the energy and infrastructure are sensitive to any change in governmental policies and tax rates as their pricing and therefore the profitability is largely dependant on the sops that they get from the government. The government, in order to maintain regular investment in these sectors, follows a three-point approach.

To complete the requirements of this unit, you need to be able to identify and establish appropriate costing systems and techniques for exact engineering business functions. It is also required to be able to measure and appraise the impact of varying activity levels on engineering business performance.

The capital and money markets are administered by the investment banking industry which allows stock exchanges and over the counter markets to allow investors and companies to connect in a business transaction to purchase equity in private and public companies to gain partial ownership of the enterprises.

For lack of standard common-size ratios, this study will apply the ratios of 1990 to 1991, which should look reasonable in view of the slight variability observed during the 3 years of financial data we have studied. We apply the percentages on each income statement item, with the slight modification in the operating expenses item.

Max’s Grocery Mart is a family-owned business that has been experiencing stable growth since its inception. Mr. Leroy Feronti, the owner of the business now wants to expand the business by renovating the grocery mart building with a bank loan. To help the application for a bank loan, Mr. Feronti has prepared the pro forma financial statements for three years from 2007 onwards.  

The following are the options of country C in terms of the development of its accounting standards and their advantages and disadvantages. The first option is to adopt a “rules-based” type of accounting standards such as the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles or US GAAP. Under this type, detailed rules are set and must be followed when preparing the financial statements.

The paper “Corporate Accounting in Australia” is an affecting variant of an assignment on finance & accounting. Payments that have been received for services that are to be rendered in the future do not have to be recognized until earned: Arthur Murray (NSW) Pty Ltd v FCT (1965) 114 CLR 314 (Julie, 2007). The taxpayer company provided dancing lessons for payment.  

The author states that although serious doubts have been expressed about the Fund's overall, longer-term impact, these remedies appear to have helped restore a degree of fiscal and financial equilibrium in the short run in countries able to muster the political will and public support needed to implement them.

The policies of the IMF structural adjustment programs do not subscribe to nationalist views on how nations should manage their people and resources. Their policies uphold the interests of the international banking system that are more interested in pursuing profits than genuinely aiding the developing nations. 

With a presence in the UK, the Rest of Europe and Asia; Tesco is a growing company in a rapid expansion mode for its food and non-food retailing service. The cash flow statement as mentioned above is for Tesco, showing the change from 2005 to 2006. In the above cash flow statement, we can see an increase of 13% in cash from operations.

Both fiscal years under consideration record current ratios which are more than one, indicating that the current assets of Ipplepen can more than pay off all its short term liabilities should they become due immediately. In 2005, Ipplepen’s current ratio reached 1.682 and posts a growth rate of 8% when it peaks at 1.8272 last year.

The author states that the CEO of the Company, Frank Jeffers has put forth a new vision for the Company to follow in order to improve its business. The process involves the introduction of a package of value-based services that are modeled upon the principle of customer intimacy wherein the major focus is upon building an atmosphere of trust.

The author states that the US Debt Clock changes literally, every second. Staggering statistics derived from the US Debt clock on July 26th of 2011 revealed that the total interest due for every citizen was $3.637 which amounts to $11,644 per US citizen. It was revealed that the biggest budget item was Medicare with an allocation of $823.1 billion.

The paper 'Stock Analysis and Risk Evaluation' is a worthy example of a research paper on finance and accounting. The research below explores the main methods of stock analysis and risk evaluation. Risk analysis is related to the risks of investments in particular stocks. Three models are considered in the research – DCF, comparative valuation, and Gordon growth model.

The paper "Foreign Direct Investment in China and Brazil" is an outstanding example of finance and accounting case study. The progress made by developing countries such as China and Brazil in terms of economic growth is one of the most vivid discussions in the current century. Arguably, Foreign Direct Investment impacts the economic growth of a country positively and therefore, it is an important determinant of a country’s economic growth.

The author states that entry into this field of practice is attached to a number of compulsory requirements, most of which are academic in nature. Accountants are required to compile and provide financial information about businesses to help company managers and stakeholders in making sound business decisions.

The paper "Reward Negotiation and the Means of Resolution" is a great example of finance and accounting coursework. Over time, federal politicians who represent the people in parliament have shown dissatisfaction with their salary package and allowances. A list prepared by labour and coalition parliamentarians clearly demand a remuneration of $ 27,000 meant to compensate them for time spent in Canberra working.

Bloomberg is a leader in the news industry, financial information, and global business in general. Bloomberg provides influential decision-makers with valuable information and opportunities for connection with a dynamic network of people, ideas, and information. The core of the professional service provided by Bloomberg is the strength of the company.  

The paper "Activity Based Costing" is a perfect example of finance and accounting assignment. Costing systems are information systems put in place by an organization’s accounting department to minimize waste during production by effective monitoring of the costs incurred in the production process, (Al-Omiri & Drury, 2007).

The success of any organization depends on the performance of its employees, which is directly proportionate to their motivation and satisfaction level. Please note that compensation or wages play a very important role in this regard. An organization must have its salary structure and wage mechanism designed specially.

The paper "Commonwealth Bank versus ANZ Bank" is a perfect example of finance and accounting case study. The success of any given enterprise profoundly relies on how the top leadership is vibrant and proactive in its response to the ever-changing business dynamics (McNamara 2011). The Great Telecoms Crash in the early 2000s is a recent example of the management caught offside by the changing business dynamics.

The paper 'Leverage Buyout" is a perfect example of finance and accounting coursework. Restructuring is the latest buzzword in the business arena companies strive to attain a competitive advantage to maximize their profits in the saturated market (Tetřevová, 2007). The rapidly changing local and global business environment is also driving companies to resort to restructuring in order to change the way business is run.

The paper shows that AstraZeneca, in terms of activity ratio, shows more efficiency than its competitor. It is thus recommended that GSK looks at speeding its transaction with its stakeholders. In this continuously evolving highly competitive industry, business organizations need to look at increasing their efficiency. 

The message that has been so far sent to the investors is that their funds or investments are at risk if they chose to invest in any of the financial institutions. If nothing is done to avert the situation, it might imply that some countries might pull out of the Eurozone to have their currency as opposed to the common union of the banks. 

The paper "Hunan China Sun Pharmaceutical Machinery Co and ACIC Fine Chemicals Inc Agreement" is a perfect example of finance and accounting case study. This report looks at analyzing the joint venture agreement Hunan China Sun Pharmaceutical Machinery Co. and ACIC Fine Chemicals Inc which are based in different countries.

The paper “Superior Manufacturing Company – a Need to Price the Company’s Products in Line with the Dominant Market Player” is a potent version of a case study on finance & accounting. Superior Manufacturing Company encountered a massive threat from falling prices. The falling prices had an adverse effect on the company's most selling products.

The paper “Balanced Scorecard for the Bookshop” is a potent version of a case study on finance & accounting. In a business environment that where competition is increasing at an alarming rate; it is highly imperative for any business to design strategies aimed at staying ahead of competitors. In a bid to make the bookshop competitive, a Balanced Scorecard has been designed.

Various parties, who are either for the introduction of regulation or, for the government to free the market, have sprung up to give an assortment of reasons why their stance is better suited for the Australian situation. A free market situation translates to mean that the government has given reign of the market to the business community. 

Normally associated directly to general worries about labor and globalization are the practice of offering certain kinds of tax, as well as other regulatory exceptions to large corporations through Export Processing Zones (EPZs). These bodies are special arrangements that are established to uphold export industries (The Levin Institute 1). 

The paper “Project Scenario for Highway Lights” is an informative variant of case study on finance & accounting. The total budget of the project is $ 1.8 million dollars to repair traffic lights along Nepean Highway. The costs associated with the project fall into two broad categories which are direct cost and indirect costs.

The first attempt to fix minimum wages was made in 1970 in an International Labour Organization Convention on Minimum Wage Fixing. Its main aim was to give all workers fair consideration in terms of monetary rewards to enable them to gain some form of social protection. The developments have been fast in many parts of the world including Australia.

The Australian Fair Pay Commission is responsible for these reviews and it considers various factors like inflation, economic growth, and GDP. In making its final decision the Commission is assisted by the view of various stakeholders. The stakeholders present their views through various submissions to the commission.

In fact, organizations should be awake to the evolving nature of these occurrences in order to keep them well ahead of perpetrators of these actions. It would be ignorant for organizations not to align their technological aspects with today’s expectations. However, they must put measures to ensure that these systems do not threaten their ability security and expose them to fraud.

The report entails findings of financial analysis and students’ survey to identify their perception of student’s yearbook. The report contains recommendations for fundraising activities, for this particular project. The most important limitation that can be faced in the pursuit of selling yearbooks is the over-reliance of students on social media. 

The paper "Public Budgeting and Ethics" is a good example of finance and accounting coursework. Public budgeting is the planning of how public resources will be used within a specified period of time; usually twelve months. It is a financial instrument used to control public financial resources (Catak & Cilingir, 2010). Public budgeting is normally composed of various disciples including economic, political, accountability and administrative (Norton & Elson 2002).

The paper "AMP Bank Limited-Service Process" is a perfect example of finance and accounting coursework. A business exists to offer products and services to consumers. The production of goods and services in the business require costs like labor and capital. Business must come up with the most efficient processes to reduce costs. The main objective of a business is profit-making, and this can be achieved by improving the process to ensure that fewer resources are used or by the price increase.