Finance & Accounting Essays

In order for a business to take onto cleaner production, packaging, distribution and retailing practices it is necessary that the cost of cleaner processes be fully justified. Within this line of argument one of the chief issues to look into is the costing for cleaner business practices.

This is observed in comparison to the companies competence related to investments and in dealing with the physical form of assets. The notion of balanced scorecard was initiated with regard to the mentioned alterations made by the companies. The balanced scorecard was found to complement the customary financial measures along with offering decisive factors in relation to gauging the performance with respect to few additional viewpoints.

The costs should be allocated keeping in mind the benefits. This will help in identifying, in an organization such resources which needs cost for buying capital, managing cost for buying raw materials and inventory, costs for salaries, operational and various variable costs are needed to get the organization going.

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC), Canadian Tire, and Wal-Mart Canada are the three large organizations operating in Canada. CIBC is engaged in the business of providing financial services to its clients. Canadian Tire has a retail division which offers different retail products like automotive parts and its accessories, sports goods and apparels.

2008–2012 Spanish Financial Crises Introduction Most economists agree that the 2007-2012 global financial crisis was the worst since the 1930’s Great Depression. The crisis was characterized by the threat of complete collapse of large financial institutions across the world, downturns in stock markets across the world, bailing out of banks by national governments and general slow-down in economic growth and development around the world (Shiller 35).

It has captured the attention of many of these labor movements in all the levels at which they are involved, be it national or regional and it has made them aware of the changing labor trends in the world today. In this paper, we shall be looking at the impact of globalization on the labor movement of developed countries and how these impacts affect these movements.

Such scandals include Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco International etc. These scandals have raised concerns and responsibilities of the accounting and auditing bodies all over the world which are now subject to thorough scrutiny. The auditors now owe greater responsibility towards general public and are considered as the savior of their investments.

This problem is ceded on three basic pillars: identification of the concepts of fraud and legitimacy, outlining a conceptualization map, and initial decoding of a given problem. Thus, on the basis of interpretive framework, which is based on the works by Trochim & Donnelly (2008), Schram (2006), Shank (2006), Patton (2002) and some others, it is further claimed the way these concepts should be identified and interpreted.

6 210000 95676 7 0.3996 210000 83916 8 0.3506 210000 73626 9 0.3075 210000 64575 10 00.2697 210000 56637 11 0.2366 210000 49686 12 0.2076 240000 49824 Total cash inflows 270038 NPV=270038-630000 =359962 Smart electronics should not accept the device. The acceptance of the device would imply that the company would not get any financial benefit from it because it will not be of monetary help.

Later on, the pricing of the shares or units issued by the investment trusts are discussed especially focusing on the concept of Net Asset Value (NAV). After that, the major emphasis of this article would be on finding out the causes that drive those investment trust shares to trade at a discount.

With the current shifts and twists in the global economy, it is increasingly important that factors that will continue to influence markets especially in the financial sector are closely watched. With globalisation taking a toll in the world’s economical dynamics, there are bound to be issues that will continue to emerge in the financial sector since it is one of the building blocks of national and international economies (Cebula, 2011).

The purpose of GAAP is to ensure transparency and uniformity of financial reporting among business organizations. There is however no one fix rule among all GAAP standards across industries and countries and they usually vary from one industry/country to another.

The paper comprises 3 questions, each related to aspects pertaining to environmental reporting. It begins with an initial introduction about the aspects of environmental compliance and reporting.The first question is in connection with two provided annual reports of Halma plc and United Utilities plc, which required critical evaluation adequacy of disclosures given in the reports regarding environmental reporting.

Discussion of Portfolio Theory Student Name Institution Discussion of Portfolio Theory Part 1 The portfolio theory originated with the use of asset-pricing concept as an investment instrument. Investment instrument is an asset that can be bought and sold. The portfolio theory defines that an investor will buy a single risky fund plus a risk-free asset.

A collective investment is a pool of fund managed by professionals where the money is invested in various securities forming a well-diversified portfolio. As opposed to the individual investment, being a part of the collective investment provides the investor with the economies of scale, cost sharing and risk diversification.

However criticisms exist as the method seems to be doubtful particularly when demands in the market vary (Bailey, Harte and Sugden 2002). The present study discusses on the inadequacies of the traditional historic cost accounting method during times of changes in the price levels and learns about the alternative methods available.

Auditing is an essential part of every business organization and auditors have a significant role to play in the way they evaluate the financial transactions and other aspects of the business and present them to the external world, which is otherwise not able to get hold of all information of the business that are handled by the company’s management.

In addition, the contributions from the rating from the participants also increase. In the cases mentioned for the transactions in the IBI Ryan Plc Company, certain amount should be included in revenue for the year ended 31 March 2013. The cost of the electrical good worth ?

During this period out of most of the countries in the Europe, Greece was the worst hit and required the monetary support of the other countries or the international financial institutions. Though most of the nations belonging to the European Union needed financial support, the government of Greece needed financial assistance to the maximum limit.

Question One: The economies of Europe and that of America experienced a financial crisis because of too much liberalization of their economies. The European Union and the United States government advocated for a free market economy. The definition of a free market economy is rather an ambiguous concept.

  French Connection Group PLC is the company whose annual reports will be examined in this paper. Question 2: Give its principal activities.  French Connection Group PLC is a British wholesaler and retailer with stores in more than 50 countries all over the world.

DEVELOPING…………………………………………5 V. EVALUATION………………………………………….7 VI. LIST OF SOURCES (BIBLIOGRAPHY)……………11 Word Count: 2,250 (9 pages) III. PLANNING (750 words) Analysis of the case study and the identification of the key issues.

The research includes a list of internal control weaknesses such as the department,not the purchasing department,should make the purchase requisition,the receiving department should not give the original receiving report to the warehouse,the receiving repot,checks,disbursement vouchers,purchase orders

The arguments against fair value accounting appear to outnumber those in favor. Most of the arguments against essentially relate to the classification of financial instruments the fair value hierarchy. The classification of financial instruments is recorded at fair value in a hierarchy consisting of three (3) levels.

Three techniques that can be used to forecast sales are regression analysis, Delphi method, and time series (Mann, 1995). The most comprehensive and important budget that is prepared by the accounting department is the master budget. The master budget is a summary of a company’s plans that sets specific targets for sales, distribution, production, and the financing activities (Garrison & Noreen, 2002).

Back in 2001 Enron shocked the world by declaring bankruptcy. A company that was profitable and worth over $90 a share 15 months earlier totally collapsed due to a lack of ethics, integrity, and the presence of fraudulent accounting activity. In the aftermath of this scandal the accounting profession changed forever with the arrival of the Sarbanes Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002.

The short-term finance refers to that finance which is obtained for a shorter period of time, generally for a period of less than one year. After obtaining the short-term finance, the companies make use of it in either raising working capital for the business or financing other areas of the business.

The recession that hit UK and other parts of the world led to revaluation of macro prudential principles with an aim of curbing financial volatility. Critics argue that creating macro prudential principles would eliminate operation, which allow banks to act without evaluating the impact of the action they are yet to take.

The crisis associated with sub-prime mortgage ultimately made considerable rise in the quantity of foreclosures as well as defaults (Jaffee, 2008). In this paper, the aspect of the crisis relating with sub-prime mortgage that was faced by United States and several root causes of the crisis will be discussed.

This paper would formulate the financial planning of a client, Mr. James Patterson. The financial plan is based on the information that was obtained from Mr. James Patterson about him. The recognition of the present situation of Mr. Patterson is decisive because that would decide whether the recommended strategies are suitable, in the light of his personal situation, needs or objectives.

In the contemporary corporate world, compensation is perceived as a measure of justice; an outcome of productivity. Management compensation is a means of enhancing the balance of work-employee relation by the provision of financial and nonfinancial gains to employees.

Introduction Financial statements reflect the financial performance of the company usually in a period of one year. The financial statements are very important for different stakeholders including shareholders, investors, customers, suppliers, economists, management, and governmental agencies and other stakeholders that are directly or indirectly affected the operations and performance of the company.

Financial statement analysis relies on the use of the net income and balance sheet as inputs for the formulas. Financial statement analysis focuses on many financial aspects of a firm’s operation. “Operating indicator analysis provides managers with the insights needed to take corrective action when the financial ratio analysis indicates deficiencies” (Ache).

can produce 2500 hard drives annually, its total profits could be; 2500 * $86.45 = $216,125 Total demand for Zeon hard drives – 3000 Malibu Inc. produces – 2500. Therefore, Malibu Systems Inc. will purchase 500 ZEON hard drives at $120.00 and incur selling and administrative expenses of $6.50 from Techno Products Inc.

It is a framework for monitoring the financial performance of the business. Financial benchmarking enables businesses to learn lessons from others and help them identify areas they have to concentrate on (Platen & Heath, 2009). The benchmarking technique used include; operational review and financial ratios.

It contains the financial statements and economic activities that the company undertook in the preceding year. Annual report is intended for its various stakeholders who have a stake and interest in the performance of the company particularly the shareholder’s who have invested in the company.

Auditors revealed that MF Global suffered a “very severe loss of liquidity” (Bunge 2) as its second quarter earnings revealed a “net loss and a highly leveraged proprietary position in European sovereign debt” (Weidner 4). Specifically, MF Global “had leveraged a $6.3 billion exposure to debt of peripheral European sovereign bonds in the form of maturity transactions” (Weidner 4).

This activity involves the buying and selling of a company’s shares by individuals whose objective is to make earnings from the transactions they participate in and involves a number of skills such as the ability to foretell the movement of stock prices as well as the courage to take the risk of involving one’s self in such a volatile market (Sandage, 2006).

Part 1 Accounting Cycle A manufacturing company and a retail company would have different accounting cycles because they are involved in different businesses. A manufacturing company is involved in purchasing raw materials and then producing finished goods from those raw materials.

Accounting Theory Research Assignment Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Article One 3 Summary (Part A) 3 Accounting Theory (Part B) 3 Analysis (Part C) 4 Conclusion 5 Article Two 5 Summary (Part A) 5 Accounting Theory (Part B) 6 Analysis (Part C) 6 Conclusion 7 Article Three 8 Summary (Part A) 8 Accounting Theory (Part B) 8 Analysis (Part C) 10 Conclusion 11 References 12 Article One Summary (Part A) The name of the article is ‘Latest effort at transparency just muddies water’ which was published in the year 2012 in The Australian.

This essay discusses that earnings management activities constitute legitimate open and optional choices made of when and why to engage in financial transactions that need recognition of accounting. Legitimate earnings management may also include scenarios where justifiable choices are made on the way to account for financial transactions.

Some of the high ranked officials appointed by the presidents of US over the years have been big businessmen and have commendable contribution in the financial industry in the past. These high ranked officials are biased in serving the interests of the financial industry and sector of the economy that they have been attached with in the past.

Depending on the objective of the individual, an appropriate personal retirement plan can help the individual to balance current and future consumption by determining amount of current investible funds that is available and vesting them in retirement accounts (Purdue University, 2009, p.18).

From 1985 to 2001, the company continued to gain favor and confidence in the stock market, leading to share prices rising to a staggering $90 per share. The company owned a diverse line of services and commodities such as gas pipelines, electricity plants, water plants, and internet services around the world.

Cash flows allow estimating the depreciated value of assets owned by a company and further requirements to contribute in effective budgeting. Capital Asset Budgeting is also practiced commonly by corporations, which is however often criticized owing to its complexities and needs for continuous record-keeping (Oracle, 2008).

However, in order to improve the business environment as well as maintain the ethics of the accountants, it becomes very necessary to understand the importance of avoiding plagiarism. Plagiarism refers to the case in which students pursuing academic courses violate ethical codes of research.

Since then the company has grown enormously. The company’s Windows operating system has revolutionized the ways people use the computers today. The company has several divisions that serve diverse needs of the market. Its Windows division offers, besides Windows Operating system, Windows Services suite of application and Web services and PC accessories.

I am willing to take on these risks since I plan to develop a robust risk management plan that will not only allow the business take charge of its risks, but also find efficient ways through which it can mitigate these risks. The foundation of the hotel’s risk management strategy will be the understanding that business risks typically emerge from diverse areas, including external sources and sources within the business (Edwards and Bowen 29).

The magnitude of differences is the also vary from small to large (Grant Thornton). Some of the major differences are discussed in this section. First, the difference between the IFRS and GAAP principles lie in methodology used in the determination of the impairment of long lived assets.

International Accounting Standards: Revenue Recognition in construction Industry Introduction The IASB and FASB have been working on producing a new standard on revenue recognition for several years now. One of the industries which have been particularly affected by the uncertainty surrounding the development of the new standard is construction industry and the International Accounting Standard 11 (IAS 11) relating to construction industry is expected to be replaced by the new standard in due course.