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The residents of these places should always be on their toes to discover and implement ways of being secure from these risks. All the safety measures of preventing and controlling the risks of floods which have the most severe effects on the societies should always be considered by anyone living in areas like Sheffield.
In Sheffield, two people were reported dead as a result of the floods (BBC 2007). Comparing this to what other regions prone to flash floods report, then either the degree of the floods was minimal or there was greater awareness of the risk of floods in Sheffield. Schanze, Zeman, and Marsalek (2006) however note that in the case of flash floods warning time is limited.
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The watercourses got blocked, ponds formed, and the level of water rose. The defense around the rivers becomes overpowered by the waters and may be broken by the large objects of fragments that are carried by the flowing water at a higher speed. The walls of the dam at Rotherham’s reservoir were hit by the flowing debris and the high pressure of the flowing waters thus destroying them.
The changes that have occurred in the past few years in the ecological system are highly alarming. These changes have had a negative effect on human life and property; while at the same time have bought about changes in the ecological balance of the global ecology. In the following paper, there shall be conducted a discussion of the problems that have been faced by the coastal areas of Asia.
These are some of the recommendations that can aid in the mitigation of such disasters in the future. There should be support provided at the national level to ensure that laws and regulations are enforced through the development of policies that are deemed to be relevant and Standard Operating Procedures (Left, 2006).
Magnitude refers to a system used to measure the power of an earthquake’s seismic energy that is released as the utility of rock inflexibility by mistake, the area at contact where rubbing occurs, and the quantity of displacement. The earthquake may be defined as a sudden release of force in the terrain crust which generates seismic waves.
In terms of the definition of terminologies used, a tsunami is a Japanese word that means harbor waves. It is caused by a displacement of a large volume of ocean or lake water. It is normally created by earthquakes occurring below or near the ocean floor. In addition, the eruption of volcanoes below the water surface can cause deadline tsunamis. Another source of tsunami is landslides.
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The author of this paper will seek to review the findings of the existing studies on the impacts of climate change in the built environment. Finally, the research study will seek to investigate the ways in which the negative impacts brought about by climate change on the built environment can be encountered.
Human actions have been the main cause of these changes over the last 100 years. 30B tonnes of carbon dioxide have been estimated to be released at the global level every year. In this century, global temperatures have increased from 1.1°C to 6.4°C The main concern is how much effort individuals are putting forward towards the reduction of the greenhouse effects in the UK.
The substances that cause air pollution, can either be natural or man-made factors. There are those products, which result from a process such as ash from volcanic emissions, carbon monoxide, which is emitted from motor vehicles, or sulfur dioxide, which is emitted from factories. There are other pollutants, which are not emitted directly but come because of interactions or reactions of pollutants.
The rapid rise in warming and catastrophe the world is facing already signals of the coming days. It is imperative that energy crisis and warming are given special though as it will have an effect on everyone. The rapid melting of glaciers and rising sea levels already indicate the risk the world has to encounter.
The field of economic development can be viewed in four dimensions: economic, social, institutional, and environmental. From my area of specialization-environmental issues, I will look at it from environmental and economic points of view. From this perspective, it can be referred to as the balancing of the fulfillment of the needs with the protection of the natural environment
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Ecological disturbance is generally regarded as the disruption of the flora, fauna, and land by external forces such as flood, drought, fire, and cyclones. Such disturbances are major factors that have the potential to transform the structure of the ecosystem and biological communities. The impacts may be adverse or beneficial for the ecosystem.
Some of these include; effective plant nutrient management from the agricultural land, “Promoting and subsidizing better application methods, developing new, environmentally sound fertilizers, and promoting soil testing and preventing the leaching of nutrients after the growing season by increasing the area under autumn/wintergreen cover, and by sowing crops with elevated nitrogen” (FAO, 1991).
Performance-based designs of the buildings and their geometry have a definite impact on the production of smoke. This is because smoke is the function of combustion, the materials being burnt, and the availability of oxygen within a geometric design of the building that would in burning the materials.
Fire growth is a comprehensive process comprised of ignition, flame spread, and burning rate that are dependent on the fire environment. Fire disasters arise from a combustible source that holds flammable material that is ignited hence increasing the fire intensity. Notably, various elements depend on the conditions of the fire environment.
Theoretically, radiation is heat energy being transferred in the form of invisible waves (International Association of Fire Chiefs, 2007, p.126). Identical to the electromagnetic radiation coming from the sun is being absorbed by the earth; the human body also absorbs radiant heat from various sources such as an open fire.
To ensure a sudden response to such difficult situations proper incident system must be in a place where the plan of action is well defined, the people responsible and the equipment to rescue are in place and in good condition for effective management of crisis and to give direction on how to respond to emergencies.
Much has been written about who or what was behind the Chernobyl disaster. The following discussion will thus present a balanced analysis of the sequence of events leading up to the accident as well as the existing theories concerning the causes of the accident while evaluating whether they hold any merit.
The incident caused a lot of damage to the surrounding area. First, several buildings and properties were destroyed by the explosion. The destruction included broken and blown-out windows at various buildings, warped or blown indoors of buildings, and even damaged building walls. Some of the buildings that were damaged included various nearby institutions, notably schools and churches.
This report will specifically address issues revolving around the redevelopment of land at the site of the incident. General information regarding the condition of the site and constraints will be highlighted. Moreover, this paper will give detailed procedures that developers would embark on so as to redevelop the Buncefield oil depot site.
The explosions occurred at around 6.00 am on December 11, 2005. The explosions occurred as a result of an overflow in Tank 912 which occurred at around 5.20 am on a material day. Appropriate evidence showed that the protection systems which controlled overflows by closing down the supply inlets failed to operate.
After the Buncefield incident, many businesses were directly or indirectly affected by the disruption of the supplies. Around 16 companies had to relocate which cause job moves for 1,422 people. The incident created 79 redundancies were 21 of those found new jobs later. Moreover, the claims for damages of those that were affected went to hundred of million pounds (Hiles 2007, p.505).
Disasters are usually classified as either man-made or natural. An example of a natural disaster is the tsunami while the manmade disaster is the London bombings. Such a manmade disaster is the Buncefield accident. The incident was officially reported as a major emergency at 06:08 and fire fighting efforts were put in place.
One of the most important aspects of construction technology is fire technology and the many fire disasters that occur regularly point to just how much this is the case. The UK has been faced with fire tragedies over the years and with each tragedy, questions arise as to what could have been done better with regard to the preventative measures.
The investigation established that safety designs should account for possible vapor cloud formation on fuel containment vessels and land use planning should advise the design process. The design should be able to manage to escape fuel cascading effect fragmentation and dispersion that resulted in the formation of vapour cloud.
It evident that motor vehicles are trendy and popular means of facilitating movements. Despite the fact that people are concerned about their environment few stop to think about the effects of motor vehicles on their environment. In comparison to other environmental risk factors, many barely consider the automobile industry that greatly contributes to environmental pollution.
The British government has established various agencies and authorities mandated with the responsibility of overseeing that public safety is maintained at all times (Wilkinson 2007, p8). These agencies and authorities are provided with sufficient resources hence enhancing their ability to respond to disasters of any magnitude.
In the current world situation, accidents and catastrophes are common phenomena. Million worth of properties, many people die, and inconveniences to the society and economy are affecting the way that people should behave. These numerous accidents and catastrophes result in economic, social, and environmental losses and it impacts many people and geographic locations.
Similar to what Palm & Carroll (1998, p.1) reported, victims of this type of catastrophe are commonly expressing terror, panic, shock, and fear because of the awesome force of the earth. Home to over 4 million people, Kobe Japan was hit by a strong earthquake on January 17, 1995, that resulted in the loss of thousands of lives and billion dollars worth of property.
Accidents, disasters, and catastrophes are viewed as unpleasant and disadvantageous life and property. These events disrupt the normal functioning of the economy and people significantly. Sources of disasters and catastrophes such as nature, technology, and willful acts like terrorism usually cause dramatic loss of life and possessions and can be disorienting to some people.
The classification of accidents and catastrophes is provided and afterward, examples of different accidents and catastrophes in the United Kingdom are given together with their consequences. Terrorism and its impact are given as a major example of a catastrophe with great consequences together with the disaster life cycles.
In considering accidents and catastrophes, it is important to note the role played by risk and hazards in the realization of accidents. Risks could be defined as the odds that an undesirable event will occur while a hazard is simply prospective to cause a disaster or damage. Accidents, events, catastrophes, disasters, emergencies, crises, and mishaps all result when hazards materialize.
In the more thаn twenty yeаrѕ ѕince the initiаl publicаtion of Chаrleѕ Perrow'ѕ Normаl Аccidentѕ (Perrowֽ 5-9)ֽ prаctitionerѕ аnd аcаdemicѕ hаve contemplаted how plаne crаѕheѕֽ eаrthen-dаm collаpѕeѕֽ ѕhip colliѕionѕֽ nucleаr diѕаѕterѕֽ аnd chemicаl-plаnt exploѕionѕ cаn be preventedֽ mitigаtedֽ or аvoided.
More importantly, Bangladesh is a country noted for its vulnerability to environmental risks. According to the report presented by Gaan & Daas (2004, p.222), Bangladesh is prone to natural disasters particularly floods, cyclones, storms, and surges. In addition, sea-level rise due to global warming has added to the risk of these distressing natural disasters.
The park is used today as a park for the conservation of natural resources and to ensure that the flora and fauna that are present in the area are preserved. It is used as a public park. The park is an important and integral part of the plan that has been developed by the local authorities to ensure that the ecological balance of the area is maintained.
Community forestry in Nepal also has ramifications for conflicts and conflict resolution through laws and plans. Since land, forest, and water are crucial for the livelihood of the Nepalese, conflicts over resources are common in the country. These arise because of the clash of perceived inconsistencies over rights and obligations between people.
Appropriation of issues is obviously not a substitute for participatory community association at all. This together with other similar short-term time and money conservation systems could finally cost a nation exceedingly if community concern, communication, and faith are discarded for umbrage and protest.
The paper "The Truth about Global Warming" Is a great example of an Environmental Studies Essay. Global warming is one such issue that has sparked unending debates among scientists whether, after all, this is truth or fiction. In his June 2007 article, “Global Warming Myth”, Prof. David Bellamy of the New Zealand Science Coalition, criticized both the claims.
The objective of this essay is to analyze and evaluate the article “The Global Warming Myth” by Prof David Bellamy published in “THE NEW ZEALAND SCIENCE COALITION” on 13 August 2007. In his, article Bellamy says that he is not worried about carbon-induced global warming. He says that global warming became more a political issue than a scientific issue.
It is true that there are costs involved with reducing global warming. However, national and international policies that promote market-based and voluntary strategies to reduce carbon emissions have long-term advantages. It is to the benefit of individuals, organizations, and countries to institute policies to control climate change for sustainable development.
Test 1 should support the null hypothesis ratifying the validity and internal consistency of the scales used as the variables and factors have been decided after a thorough focus group brainstorming. Test 2 should ideally show a strong cause and effect relationship between usage and the choice of the ban.
A country’s geophysical location acts as a limit to its energy mix. Germany is one of those countries that are rich in one energy source and lacking in other energy sources. Germany depends highly on imported energy sources even though the country has the capability to produce enough energy for the years to come.
In 1994, a new underground railway tunnel and station were under construction beneath the Central Terminal Area of London’s Heathrow airport. During October, a section of the station collapsed and this led to the partial collapse of a building above it. Further collapses occurred during the next few days but fortunately, no one was injured.
Engineerѕ have a particular obligation towardѕ the integration of development and the environment, leading towardѕ ѕuѕtainable development. The Environmental Principleѕ for Engineerѕ are Principleѕ for the Engineering Profeѕѕion for the Planning, Implementation, and Management of Engineering Workѕ that are Ѕocially, Ecologically and Economically Ѕuѕtainable.
The nature of accidents depends upon two parts: the event and the consequence. The event of the accident needs to be prevented through assessments of past events. The consequence is the component of the accident on which future strategies are based as it equips us with the knowledge of what to expect and also how to handle it.
The objectives of several disaster management plans must be to localize a catastrophe and contain it to the furthermost degree to reduce its impact on life, and the environment. An official plan for managing disasters is important. It has to include the plan of action for several disasters such as earthquakes, engineering, and chemical accidents, epidemics, road accidents together with fires.
An accident is an unplanned event that results in unacceptable consequences especially causing injury to a small number of individuals or modest damage to physical structures e.g. a car or a house. An accident can also be a damaging event like an industrial mishap. Accidents always occur by chance.
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Consequent to this explosion, WNA (2008) spelled out all the programs embarked upon to reduce the re-occurrence of such. Some of the highlighted activities bother on skill improvements for nuclear reactor designers and workers, regulation of nuclear plant construction and activities, and programs to alleviate the dilemma of the exposed victims.
Many people are dying and millions worth of properties go down the drain. Different countries are developing policies that guide and manage their vulnerability to different accidents and catastrophes. Some common examples of accidents include the 7/7 London Bombing, 9/11 Twin Towers bombing which is accredited to terrorism.