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The suspension bridge could be replaced with a cable-stayed bridge, which is of similar strength but uses less steel. Moreover, trussed girders could be replaced with cellular steel boxes, which are not only light but also cheap to maintain. Finally, some steel sections of the bridge could be replaced with concrete reinforced with steel.
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AASHTO is the main method used across the United States. Ideally, 0-5 scale values are used to rate the pavement condition. The scale is measure of serviceability to which the design empirical procedure is basically based. Primarily, the AASHTO design procedure is based on the “structural number” concept for flexible pavements structure.
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The rail system is a complex system of transport that has a number of varying characteristics. The design of the railway is typically separated into two major components which are the design of the trains and the design of the supporting tracks. It is however very crucial that we understand the railway system as a whole.
There is a need to implement R & D to promote comprehensive research studies and prevent accidents by investigating the accident causes. The R & D should be directed at preventing accidents. Due to the recent railway accidents in the past, there is a need to promote developments in technology that contributes to promoting railway safety.
The multi-commodity network is a simple version of the single commodity network. This is so because the nodes are not highlighted by the type of commodity. This implies that the nodes are differentiated by location and period. The flows correspond to the feasible movement to the container between the two stations over a given period of time.
The retail units will be 2 in number each with dimensions of 30M by 15m and the height to the heaves will be 7m. The parking area will have an area of 150 sq. Metre (dimensions 15 by 10) and a parking area will be provided for each industrial unit. On each parking lot, there will be divisions for different car types such as Lorries, vans, etc
This study entailed a design process that considers the various analyzed aspects of construction. The chosen site was analyzed accordingly and the various buildings allocated according to its suitability. The road networks were also designed to make accessibility to the various parts as easy and as safe as possible.
Safety and sustainable site layout design and analysis have become a crucial part of every engineering project. These considerations are more critical when it comes to the development of an urban area, due to the shortage of resources such as land and the fact that a lot of people will use and be affected by the developments once complete.
The participants were required to respond to a questionnaire about their familiarity with BIM and the impacts it is having on the construction industry in Kazakhstan. The analysis will enable the researcher to make inferences on the impacts BIM is having on the implementation of construction projects in Kazakhstan.
The production situation at the platform was totally inappropriate in terms of structure along with functioning. A series of events had taken place on the deck that resulted in intense fire and smoke. This disaster had taken the lives of 167 people and some were lucky enough to escape. There were many defaults witnessed in engineering practices.
The selection of the system should aptly consider that the equipment should be optimally sized to sensible loads; such equipment sensible capacity needs not be more than 15% larger than the overall total sensible design load as specified in Manual S and appropriate equipment be determined from both Manual D cfm and Manual J loads.
The whole methodology of structural design process and configuration requires creative ability and applied thinking as well as sound information about pragmatic viewpoints, for example; late outline codes and bylaws went down by experience, establishment, and judgment. Structure in respect to strength is a critical affair.
The only thing that provides a clue as to the nature of a car is normally the fact that it is silent. The electric car suddenly seems under the hood. The electric motor replaces the gas engine, a controller is used to power the electric motor, and an array of rechargeable batteries is used to power the controller.
The many types of truss bridges like cantilever bridge, truss-arch, and transporter bridge have come up over the period, using different types of truss designs. The truss design has applications from subjects like static and physics, as laws of motion determine the particular requirement according to the bridge design.
There is a growing trend where developers and consumers have become more sensitive regarding environmental issues around homes and other built environments. Sustainability in built environments usually requires that buildings attain energy efficiency continuously while at the same time reducing the emission of pollutants to the environment.
In any project, whether product manufacturing or service delivery, there are crucial aspects of activities that need to be addressed should we desire a successful project. These factors are necessary for the project manager. How he or she addresses these issues will show his capability and skills and the project is no exception.
Replacement of renewable with nonrenewable sources of energy has various benefits such as a decrease in the use of nonrenewable sources of energy that are on the verge of becoming depleted and safeguarding the environment against the negative effects of nonrenewable sources of energy. There are two methods of producing energy through solar power.
The hose clips were released the top radiator hose pipe was removed. The hose clips were released and the bottom radiator hose pipe was removed. The bolts and setscrews were removed securing the fan cowl to the radiator. Setscrews were removed securing the radiator to the radiator assembly. The radiator was raised from the radiator frame assembly
Common watched capacitance homeless people for a grid coordinated indicator are demonstrated for the electron trap at 0.13 eV with catch cross segment of 2.07xlO- 18 cm2. From the predisposition reliance of the DLTS transients, the spatial conveyance was extricate and comparative results were found for the straincompensated structure.
In experiment one, the power supply was turned on and off depending on the predetermined values. After the Oscilloscope was set to zero, the deviation signal was connected to channel B on the Oscilloscope, and the power supply connected to channel A. The various parameters were set according to Table 1.
The curves have a similar gradient with just a few differences. These differences were brought about due to experimental errors. Some of the experimental errors came about due to air resistance, parallax, the heterogeneous trait of the calibration plate, faultiness of the Rockwell scale, and wrong calculation.
The specimen was ultimately twisted until it failed to record the digital and rotation data at some suitable increment. This was done while ensuring that the dial gauge is returned to zero through adjusting the hand-wheel. A graph was plotted for the torque versus rotation while determining from the graph the applied torque at the yield point.
In the future, all traditional manufacturing processes will be replaced with more automated processes, and firms will increasingly rely on sensors, robots and condition-based systems. With more flexible technology, human interventions will be minimized and firms will significantly reduce their labour costs.
Strain gages were properly inspected to ensure that they were not broken. The truss was then set up in the Tinius-Olsen Testing Machine making sure that loads and reactions are applied at truss joints and that they do not interfere with the members. Strain gages were then connected to the strain indicator, later balanced, and calibrated using the instructional manual.
A value of zero shows that there is no force in the respective member, which means that the member is a redundant member at the given load. For the 30-60-90 truss, member AB has a gauge reading of 0.5 and -0.5 for loads 250 and 500 pounds respectively. These values are close to zero, which suggests that the member might have been redundant at the given loads.
Next is the fixation of the electrolytic capacitor. The guiding characteristic is that they are polarised and therefore, correct orientation of these radial capacitors is vital. Basing on the convention requirement of the circuit diagram, the positive lead is shown as a positive lead. However, the capacitor it is shows a negative lead.
Pore pressures increase when soil is loaded un-drained. Under site conditions, excess pore pressures dissipate and water leaves the soil resulting in consolidation. The process takes time as the rate of settlement decreases with time. The amount of settlement depends on the permeability of the soil, time for drainage path, and compressibility characteristics of the soil.
DTW, applied in time series analysis, is an algorithm used in measuring the similarities which exist between two temporal sequences with variations in either time or speed. DTW can be used to analyze any data which can be turned into linear sequences, such as the temporal sequences of audio, video as well as graphic data.
Comparatively the pressure coefficient has significantly reduced from the 1st design at the lower nose end. The highest pressure coefficient is about 1.0290 unlike in the first design where it was 1.0149. This helps to increase the efficiency of the machine by minimization of down drag force and helps in the lift force of the nose.
From the graph of the speed of rotation Vs Voltage applied to the motor, it can be seen that the speed of rotation increases with an increase in the Voltage applied to the motor. Also for the BJT testing, the time between the pulses decreases with an increase in the voltage applied. The frequency also increases with an increase in the applied voltage.
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Hence researchers have been required to draw conclusions based on experiences of the past, considering the likely outcomes of installation of piles in certain conditions of soil, such as the granular soils. As researchers could obtain from their studies, there is an “appropriate relationship between drilling resistance and pile strength”.
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The triaxial test was conducted to determine the friction angle, cohesion intercept, total and effective stress of both reinforced and unreinforced soil samples. The test underwent unconfined undrained conditions with pressures of 150kpa, 300kpa and 600kpa. This was done for both dry and wet conditions with a rate of 0.4mm/in.
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The exposure and risk of a fracture on a fishbone normally increases with age due to the loss of bone mass and degradation in the quality of the bone. The toughness of the fracture measurements on the fish bones that are 3-9 years old shows a decrease of about 40% in the toughness of the bone (Draper & Goodship, 2003).
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The deformation of mineralized collagen results in toughening of the tissue of the fishbone and forms plastic zones around areas that seem to have cracks and other types of defects. These zones usually protect the structural integrity of the fish bones by allowing energy to flow into the localized area of the bone (Draper & Goodship, 2003).
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CFD comes out as an important model that is adopted to develop warning systems both for an event of a toxic accident or in extreme cases attack by terrorists. Further, in the case of destructive meteorological phenomena such as windborne debris, CFD helps in avoiding the associated impacts because it can be used for providing the warning.
The quantity of the cement that s required normally increases as the sizes of the aggregates increases. Therefore, it can be said that the maximum size of the aggregates that can be used is dependent on the shape and the size of the aggregates of concrete and also the distribution of the reinforcing steel.
In each concrete mix, the dry densities decrease for each age of curing, although these densities increase according to time. It is observed that the lowest dry density appears after passing 28 days, and it appears that this density is lower than the known dry density for structural lightweight concrete.
In its current operational capacity, the air conditioning system provides cool air at 26 degrees Celsius and a temperature differential of between 8 and 11oC at a moderate noise level. It fails to provide that function when it does not cool at all; when it cools at a temperature above and below the required level; when it blows hot air; when it becomes noisy;
The pods and control lines are used in subsea operations; the control lines run from the accumulator to the pods which are located on the subsea BOP stack. These two devices are responsible for transmitting the hydraulic pressure from the accumulator to actuate the various functions of the subsea BOP stack.
Based on the information relayed by Mcnabb Construction, the construction of the foundation had several detailed methods. However, the data was not yet available for the public during the compilation of this report. The construction engineers attested that it was an example of spread foundation construction because sheet piling or diaphragm walls were used.
A major concern of fire engineering is to provide occupants of a structural steel building enough time for evacuation. The structural steel building should not collapse when it contacts fire for a reasonable amount of time. A simple method of improving fire resistance is to insulate structural steel members in ways that keep the temperature low.
This thesis covers the most prominent and widely used energy recovery devices in seawater desalination plants. The advantages and disadvantages of each one are discussed and a comparative analysis has thus been made. As is evident, in the course of time, one ERD was followed by another that had better efficiency and energy recovery.
The by-product of the electrochemical process is pure water which is a clear benefit for the environment. Since hydrogen is a tasteless, odorless, colorless gas it’s not found freely in nature which implies that it must be extracted from other substances which is a complicated process as well as requires high technology (Houghton 2004).
As with the major injuries, 3-day injuries have declined over the period since 2004/05, except for 2007/08 when there was an increase to approximately 7500 from 7,200 in the preceding 2006/2007 period. For 2010/11 the rate per 100,000 is approximately 360, down from approximately 445 per 100,000 during the 2004/05 period.
The Crossrail project implementation will pose many logistic problems some of which are difficult to solve. The nature and type of logistic problems range from the general logistic problems experienced for construction projects to problems experienced in major construction projects such as the Crossrail project.
The core objective of green building is to enhance efficiency in building’s energy and to minimize the environmental impact of depletion by use of efficiency and the minimization of the environmental impact of the use of substitute construction materials that are recyclable, degradable, and eco-friendly to the surrounding.
Sacrificial anode cathodic protection is one of the various ways in which cathodic protection is carried out. The alloys of commonly used metals are made anodes; the selection is done on the basis of the electrochemical series. The nature of corroding media which acts as the electrolyte also dictates the metal or alloy used as the anode.
Recognizing the synergies between these different strands, it reaps the benefits of their integration. It is an opportunity to reassert Britain’s role as an international gateway for people, freight, and communications thus the importance of implementing the Considerate Constructors Scheme in this development project.
A construction manager ensures that important jobs should be completed before the project commences. This includes mobilization of resources, machinery, and human resource. He must analyze and know the requirements of the project at all stages. The duty of hiring, disciplining, and even firing when necessary of workers is in his docket
Bain and Davenport discovered a novel steel microstructure in the year 1920 which they temporarily referred to as martensite-troostite. Subsequently, troostite was named, the fine pearlite which was then called Bainite by Steel Corporation of the U.S and Bain’s colleagues. Bainite refers to a microstructure in acicular form.