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Phosphorus and nitrogen have been identified as essential nutrients that support crop production. The problem with many types of research is that they have not clearly addressed the exact levels of these nutrients that can sustain crop production, and how the change in their levels affects crop production (Fichtner and Schulze 236).
It is paramount for the study to show the range that the “parasite” has affected the trees. Further investigation is necessary to reveal the predisposing factors of the trees to the parasitism by the mistletoes. However, it is noted that the incidence of infestation in the eucalyptus trees by the Anyema Spp in Northern Victoria has been increasing with the increase in age.
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Polar bears have been present on Earth for about four and a half million years ( Polar Bear International, 2014), but been much in the news in recent years due to the problems they are having because of the melting and shrinking Arctic ice cap. The word the Arctic is actually derived from the Greek word for bear with its opposite number Antarctic meaning an area without bears.
The vpr 1 mutant cells demonstrate varied characteristics and traits. The fact that these mutant cells show different characteristics in different environments, is observable in experimental procedures that different phenotypes exist. In the various experimental conditions, vpr 1 cells behave uniquely.
The aim of the current experiment was to introduce the concept of the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT), hence demonstrate how the pancreases of a sheep respond to a glucose load. Additionally, the practical aimed at determining the influence of different nutritional planes on IVGTT results.
The earliest evidence for life on Earth can be traced through the evolution processes of living and fossil organisms, for the period that the earth has been known to exist. Scientists claim that the Earth has been in existence for approximately 4.5 billion years, with life appearing on earth in its initial 1 billion years.
GDNF signaling is overly stimulated to play an essential role in spermatogonial stem cell renewal. The first paragraph of the paper highlights the essentiality of the spermatogonial stem cells in the body in general. As posited by different scientific experiments, these cells are fundamental for the restoration of body tissues because of their unique ability to self-renew.
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However, as Tortora et al (2013) explain, they offer very many benefits to human beings, even huge commercial value. They include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, microscopic algae, and viruses. Tortora et al (2013, 27) define bacteria as a simple organism made up of a single cell that is not enclosed in any special nuclear membrane.
They can go through mutations as well as reproduce; on the other hand, they are not able to execute metabolism and hence are not regarded alive. In terms of classification, viruses are grouped according to the nucleic acids’ type they entail, as well as their protein capsule’s shape (Tortora, Funke & Case, 2010).
The paper “Experimental Design to Determine the Most Effective Yeast for More Ethanol Production” is a potent example of a lab report on biology. Its am is to expose sugar cane juice to different types of yeast to determine which one produces more ethanol and the reasons for the difference.
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There is a need to understand the distribution of native mammal and floral species in these reserves as well as how the influence that the size or location of these reserves has on such distribution. Besides, given the constraint of limited funds, the government also wishes to understand the opinions of the members of the public on the types of endangered mammal species.
Cells show a lot of variation in their sizes and structures. Consequently, they have two main parts. These are nucleons and cytoplasm. The two main parts are enclosed in a cell membrane, which is sometimes called a plasma membrane. On the other hand, tissues are the organizational level of the cell, which is intermediate between a complete organism.
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The use of antibiotics elicits numerous reactions. However, the rates at which the antibiotics are being produced currently do not match the new strains that are emerging as a result of the same invention. These have resulted in new bugs that pose threat to humanity as there is the possibility of people going back to ages before 1929.
The PCR technique is cheap, high sensitive, and smart for the sex identification of monomorphic birds. On the other hand, other techniques such as avian laparoscopy and laparotomy, biochemical surgical examination, and others are inconvenient such as costly, time-consuming, low sensibility, or cause harm to the organism (Doosti et al., 2009).
The sample should be fresh to maintain high quality and quantity of DNA and to prevent contamination. Fresh blood samples can be stored in 95% ethanol at room temperature or frozen. Feather samples could be obtained by plucking the bird and these provide a less painful collection method than drawing blood.
Both society and biology have taught us a lot of things that regard the normal life of a human being beginning from birth to death. What we obviously know is that every human being undergoes physical, psychological, and social changes during their entire lifetime (Ropper et al 2005). These changes are normal and are sometimes inevitable.
Patients should be advised to closely monitor gum bleeding, easy bruising, epistaxis, menorrhagia and hematemesis. They should be advised and educated to go for emergency treatment if severe abdominal pains or symptoms of circulatory failure develop. It is important that patients are reviewed at least once a day.
A set of human microRNAs suppresses the spread of breast cancer cells to lungs and bones. The microRNAs were found to suppress their autonomous cancerous phenotypes. However, the role played by non-coding RNAs in non-cell-dependent cancer spread is unknown. This report reveals that endogenous miR-126 suppresses metastatic initiation and colonization (Kim, Nils, Mitsukuni, and Sohail, 2012).
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There are those who still hold the traditional view that although viruses possess some of the properties of living systems such as having a genome, they are actually nonliving infectious entities and should not be considered microorganisms. On the other hand, there are those who argue that they fall in the boundary between life and non-life, organism and non-organism, and biology and chemistry.
The experiment was successful because the aim of the experiment, which was to examine the transformation of escherichia coli by plasmid DNA, was achieved. It was also possible to know various principles used in cloning processes. There were a few errors but that can be avoided by strictly following the required steps and avoiding negligence.
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Macromolecules in and around the cells determine the structure of a tissue. An essential part of all histological and cytological techniques is the preservation of cells and tissues as they naturally occur. This is accomplished by immersing tissue blocks, sections, or smears in a fixative fluid or merely drying (Karp 2009).
The following paper would address the desirable characteristics they possess, the respective advantages and disadvantages of each plant form, the technique for planting, plant longevity, their maintenance program, and the climate in which they grow in. Plant Longevity/Culture: This tree being columnar additionally is tolerable to drought, heat, pollution, humidity, wind, and seashore.
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Bluetongue, a disease caused by the bluetongue virus, affects mostly ruminant livestock such as goats, sheep, cattle, deer, and camelids. Bluetongue virus can cause serious systematic disorder with mild to high mortality. It is a prototype virus of orbivirus in the Reoviridae family. Bluetongue virus is mainly transmitted by certain types of biting midges.
The increase in the numbers of mislabeled fish and their products has led to illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing. This is a serious problem in the world market and one of the main hindrances of attaining sustainable fisheries (Marko & Lee, 2004). As a result, there has been a decline and collapse of many of the world’s finest fisheries.
The paper “Production of Penicillin in Batch Culture” is a thoughtful example of a lab report on biology. This is a report on an experiment that aimed at establishing the effect of phenoxy acetic acid on the production of penicillin by the use of Penicillium chrysogenum. The experiment used different methods to determine the growth of cell mass and penicillin V production.
Their functions vary, but the main functions include helping the brain interpret the five senses, muscle control, and controlling glands in the human body. The olfactory nerve helps the brain to interpret the sense of smell. Optic nerve function improves the vision of an individual. If this nerve is damaged, it can result in blindness.
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the most important regulatory hormone; PTH decreases when serum calcium concentrations increase. During normal loss (urine, stool) of calcium, and when the body absorbs less calcium (in aging), the PTH increases its secretion. Administering sufficient calcium prevents calcium loss and PTH synthesis.
Ferns, black woods, and conifers also exist. Vegetation in Sherbrook forest is categorized as sclerophyll forest. The most common tree species here is the ‘mountain ash’ otherwise known as Eucalyptus Regnans. Others include the ferns, Acacias, Olearias, Sassafras, Pomaderris, Coprosma, Pimelia, Hedycarya, ground ferns, and creepers.
The purpose of this zoo is for education services and conservation. Considering, the education curriculum, most students receive more information on certain animals but they are not aware of the real physical appearance and common behaviors. This is the main reason why the zoo should get this species
IMMATURES
-their heads are well developed with Ocelli and mouthparts adapted for chewing.
-3 pairs of thoracic legs (do not have abdominal prologs)
Body forms include;
-campodeiform- lean, active crawlers
-Scarabeiform- grub-like, fleshy and C-shaped body.
Elateriform- wireworms which are elongate and cylindrical with a hard exoskeleton and tiny legs
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Most of the bacteria and viruses causing meningitis are usually common and are allied to other routine diseases. Bacteria and viruses that normally infect the skin, urinary system, gastrointestinal in addition to the respiratory tract can spread through the bloodstream to the meninges through cerebrospinal fluid, the fluid that circulates within and in the region of the spinal cord (Milan 2001).
Colors can only be detected by stimulation of two or three categories of cones. The fovea, which ensures that high-quality vision is achieved, comprises only cones and this enables the eye to observe objects in great detail. In times of light such as during the day, the fovea is able to take in as much light which hits the receptor cells or cones.
Fat-Tailed Dunnart has adipose tissue which is detectable and brown in color. Fat-tailed Dunnart is found in various regions of Australia with diversified habitats except in the Tasmania region (Menkhorst 67). They prefer staying in open shrublands, sparse grasslands, and uncultivated farmlands. The only region where they are not found in Tasmania.
Commonsensical it is, then, that should value be assigned to the cost and benefits of black wattle plantations, the ensuing economics would favor the phasing out of this invading tree and, in its lieu, consider developing the native vegetation of Tanzania (FAO 1992 interestingly points out that should Tanzania drops black wattle it is not going to head to a broke).
Aleksandrova et al (2016, p.5) argue that NGS is more effective and has more advantages than CGH because it reduces the cost for DNA sequencing, can detect the entire chromosome aneuploidies and also NGS can extensively be used in choosing the best embryo for implantation due to its ability to detect segmental changes in the embryo.
The paper “Novel Protein of the Animal Parasite, Toxoplasma Gondii” is a potent example of a lab report on biology. Exon/ Intron structure of the toxoplasma gondii is that it consists of a 35 kb genome that segregates and replicates with an organelle during the proliferation of the parasite. The presence of apicoplast that segregates with the daughter cells.
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We used the rat as an experimental animal for transaminase activities. The presence of amino acids and transaminase reactions was determined using paper chromatography. After running the chromatography for 6 amino acid standards, 2 keto acids, and 8 samples from the tubes, it was found that the 8 sample solutions prepared from the tissue contained 6 amino acids and two keto acids.
There is ambiguity between toxins and bacteria because of the mutually beneficial relationship between bacteria and toxins and the manufacture of some types of toxins by bacteria. Toxins enable bacteria through their cell-destructive action which lets the bacteria consume the cellular components and multiply.
Among the inherited genetic disorders is Thalassemia. This disorder is marked by abnormal lipid accumulations and abnormal appearance of the electrophoresis graph of the hemoglobin present. It is therefore important to analyze Thalassemia, its epidemiology, causes and the pathogenesis involved (Cheng, Lee & Lin, 2012).
Plasma ALT is normally involved in gluconeogenesis in glucose-deficient states. These could be due to infection of the liver with a breakdown of the normal interplay between glucose uptake into the cells by insulin and release of glucose into circulation by glucagon hormone among other anti-insulin hormones (Kellum & Cerda, 2013). Its elevation indicates a compromise to this regulatory mechanism.
One of the fungal diseases that attacks cereal crops and causes a danger to food quality and safety is Fusarium. Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) reduces cereal crop yield and hence there is a need to understand how to control the infections and factors that increase the susceptibility of wheat to Fusarium Head Blight.
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It was evident that swimming speeds were greatest at the higher values of temperatures and pH. There was a statistically significant effect of decreasing or increasing temperatures and pH on crayfish bite force (ANOVA, F = 2.280, df = 8, 25, p = 0.05). Crayfish displayed unusual muscle performance at temperatures of 20˚C and 30˚C.
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Pyke and Balzer launched an attempt at establishing the effects of honeybees on the ecology in 1982, results of which were published in 1985 (Graham, 2000). There are suggestions that apiaries should not be managed in places where there is a need for environmental conservation, due to the reduction of environmental value (Graham, 2000).
The gene that codes for a given protein is identified through either experimentation or study of the gene expression in an effort of regulating the disease. In this essay, a rare disease has been found to be due to a mutation in a gene X that codes for an orphan protein called protein X. the initial assertion of the assignment is that the function of the protein is unknown.
The resected tissues are the best materials as they have a large number of bacteria and that it is the main attention of the contagion. This method also has its own drawback in that, researchers have argued that its failure may be accounted to the antibiotic administrated to the patients before they undergo surgery.
Harnessing the ability to reproducibly and precisely actuate fluids in the manipulation of bio practices such as cells, DNA, and other molecules within a micro scale clearly establish the importance of microfluidics as a powerful tool that is currently changing and revolutionizing chemical and biological analysis.
Snoring occurs whenever the upper airways become obstructed, then reopened in quick succession following vibrations from the soft palates as well as the adjoining tissues in circumstances when excess inspiratory effort overcomes obstruction in the upper airways. Very few published studies relied on an extensive three-dimensional geometrical model.
The incident light is properly aligned and the image of the illumination source is perfectly defocused, allowing the best imaging possible in a field of light that is evenly dispersed. This enables the collection of more imaging data. The contrast between areas of interest is increased, generating a sharper final image with high overall resolution.
Scientists are yet to find drugs for the chronic cyst stage of toxoplasmosis calling for the development of a vaccine capable of preventing the infection. Toxoplasma pellicle novel proteins play a significant role in the lifecycle of the parasite implying that their characterization has been given an immense deal of attention in the study of genetics.
The patient’s ABO RhD blood group as interpreted from the DiaMed CAT reaction results is AB Rh-ve. This means that the patient’s blood group is AB and the individual does not have the Rh antigens on the surface of red blood cells. In the first test tube, the anti-A antibodies formed visible clumps with the red blood cells in the patient’s blood.